DOMBAY NEGE TARIYHQA QIYaNAT JASAYDY?
Núrperzent Dombaydyng «Ana tili» basylymyndaghy (№15, 2.04.2015j.) 1727 jylghy Búlanty shayqasyna qatysty maqalasyna qarsy óz oiymyzdy bildirudi jón sanap otyrmyz.
Qazaq jasaghynyng 1727 jyly Búlanty ózeni boyyndaghy alghashqy iri shayqas – Euraziya dalasyndaghy naghyz qandy qasap. Jongharlargha qarsy alghashqy iri shabuyl әueli Úlytau aumaghynda bolyp, búghan ýsh jýzding barlyq әskeri qatysty. Búl derekte Úly jýzden 7 myn, Orta jýzden 10 myn, Kishi jýzden 10 myng әsker qatysqany aitylady. Endi bir derekte qyryq tórt myng qazaq jasaghy shayqasqany sóz bolady. I.Esenberlinning «Kóshpendilerinde» Orta jýzden jiyrma myn, Kishi jýzden on bes myn, Úly jýzden Sauryq-Súranshy batyr bastaghan ýsh mynday qol qosylghan. Ol kezde Úly jýz tegis jongharlardyng qol astynda bodan edi, al Tóle by Shashta jonghardyng úlys begi, amanatqa úldaryn berip, qúryp ketpeuding amalymen, el júrty malyn baghyp, qúldyq búghaudyng qúrsauynda jýrdi. «El men jer taghdyry qyl ýstinde túrghanda, qan tógiste barlyq әigili ýsh biyimiz Tóle, Qazbek, Áyteke, handarymyz – Sәmeke, Ábilmәmbet (Bolat), bas qolbasshy – Ábilqayyr, batyrlar – Bógenbay, Qabanbay, Shaqshaq Jәnibek, Shapyrashty Nauryzbay, Eset, Bókenbay, Malaysary, Bayan, basqa da el esindegi biregey batyrlar alghash ret Sarysudyng batysynda, Shúbartenizde jongharlargha kýreste soqqy berdi» deydi jazbada. Eskertu – «әigili ýsh by boldy» degeni jansaq. Ábish Kekilbaev: «Áyteke by ol soghystan kóp jyl búryn, 1709 jyly 56 jasynda qaytys bolghan. Al tarihta, el auzynda Áytekening 1644 jyly tuyp, 1700 jyly qaytys bolghany aitylady» deydi.
Soghys 1727 jyly boldy. Tóle by de boldy deu kýmәn tughyzady, sebebi ol jyldary Tóle by – Shashta jonghardyn úlys begi, ony bilse Jonghardyn hany Qalden Seren basyn alady. Tóle biy biylikke Abylay uaqytynda Anyraqaydan keyingi soghystarda, Jetisudyng basym bóligi azat etilgen son baryp qana aralasty. Tóle by óz ajalymen ólgen joq, ony Shashta jongharlar óltirgen boluy mýmkin. Shash (Tashkent) Abylaydyn túsynda, 1748-1752 jyldary qaytaryldy.
Búlanty soghysyn jongharlargha qarsy alghashqy soqqy deu jansaq. Jaumen alghashqy qyrghyn shayqas 1725 jyly Múghaljar tauynyn, Bógeli-Bórteli shatqalynda Qarasiyr jazyghynda boldy. Múnda Qarasaqal Taylaq batyr 6 myn Álim – Shekti qolymen, Oshaqty Sauryq batyr ýsh myng qolmen qosylyp, Bógeli Bórteli men Qarasiyr jazyghynda 5 mynday jonghardy jer jastandyrdy. Eki jyl boyy esterin jinay almaghan jongharlarmen 1727 jyly Búlanty men Bileutide qayta shayqasyp, 1731 jyly Anyraqayda túralatyp, Jetisudyng biraz bóligin qaytaryp, jau soghysty toqtatugha kelisimge keldi. Sebebi búl kezde Bolathan ólip, ornyna bozókpe balasy Ábilmәmbet han saylandy. Osyghan renjigen Ábilqayyr men Sәmeke әskerin keri búryp, óz úlystaryna ketti, Núrperzent Dombay myrza! Osy tarihiy dramany nege ainalyp ótesin? Taylaq batyrdyng tarihta alghash ret jongharlargha soqqy berip, jaudy kýirete jenuine úiytqy bolghanyn aitugha nege qolyng jýrmedi? Osyndaghy Taylaq batyr bastaghan Álim qolynyn negizin shektiler qúraghanymen, tek Kishi Shektiden qosylghan jan bolmady. Quandariyanyn boyynda qalpaq jerinde kirme, diqanshylyqpen ainalysqan, baqqany bes eshki, bir siyr, qorazdyn bir bútyn auyl bop talghajau etken júrt edi. Taylaq batyrdy keyin satqyndyqpen qorshauda qaldyryp, kezinde kómekke kelmey, mert bolghanyna da sebepshi bolghan Kishi-Shektiler degen anyz el arasynda aitylyp keledi. Z.Shýkirov. «Syr boyy» kitabynda ashyp jazbay týrtip ótedi. Ashsa arty ashylady ghoy Kishilerdin...
Búlanty boyynda auyr shayqastan song esin jiya almay jatqan jongharlargha tótennen shabuyl jasap, qarsylasugha shamalaryn keltirmey qyryp tastady. Aman qalghandary Bileutige qaray shegingen. Núrperzent Dombaydyng «Ana tilindegi» maqalasynda osy kezde Kishi jýzding bii – Bayjannyn 15 jastaghy úly Sartay bastaghan myng bala jau shebine qaray atqan oqtay úmtylghanyn jazady. Búl Sartay – kәdimgi «Jaujýrek myng bala» filimindegi Sartay batyr. Osy shayqasta talay qyrshyn qaza tapty, ókinishke oray ózgeleri jóninde qazirgi kýni naqty mәlimet bolmay túr deydi N.Dombay maqalasynda. Múnysy beker. Mәlimet bar, mәlimet – halyqtyng inju-marjany dastanda. Ony bilesin, tek qalpaq-sart qulyghyna basyp, elemeysin. Syr shektisi Jaqayym qabylandary Jylqyaydar, Jylqyaman, Sartay deuge qolyn barmay, qyzghanyshpen ainalyp ótesin.
Áruaqtary riza bolsyn, jaujýrek bozbalalardy bastaghan Sartay batyrgha toqtala keteyin. Sartay turaly qolymyzda qúndy dýnie N.Qosjanúlynyng «Sartay batyr» dastanyn oqyp otyrghanda, ol tolyq emes, jalghasy barday kóringen. Sartay jaugha attanarda әkesi Bayjan biyden rúqsat súraydy. Ákesi:
Kózimning núry Sartay jan,
Qúlynshaghym sen edin.
Jastayynnan shyraghym,
Aqylmen topty bógedin.
Qayyrly bolsyn qadamyn!
Osy joly jaugha attan,
Qamdan-daghy asygha.
Jaudy jalghyz jenbesen,
Myng bala al qasyna.
Ghúmyr boyy sol dostar,
Qorghan bolar basyna.
Ákesinen bata alyp, elden izine erem degen myng balany jinap Ábilqayyr hannyng jasaghyn izdep sapargha shyqqan on bes jasar Sartaydyng dastanda qandy kóilek dostary – Jylqaydar men Jylqaman, týgeldey mynyn jau jýrek qylyp jattyqtyrghan Býkirek batyr, aqylshylary – Babyi, Syrlybay, Mynbay úly biylerdin atyn atamay ainalyp ótesin nege?! Sartaydyng әkesi Bayjan by osy biylerding aitqanyna jýgin, aqylyn tynda degen dastandaghy joldardy nege kózge elemeysin, Núrperzent! Bilmedi dep aita almaymyn. Ábilqayyr jasaghyna qosylugha attanghan myn balanyng ishinde Kishi Shektiden bir jan bolmaghan, sebebi ol zamanda Kishi Shektiler týgelimen Quandariya boyyndaghy qaraqalpaq arasynda kirme, sarttardyng bodany bolyp jýrdi. Sol myng balanyng jeti jýzden astamy Syr Shektisi Jaqayym atalyghynyng jau jýrek jas órkenderi edi.
Balasy Sartaygha:
Býkirektey batyryn,
Qalmaqqa jalghyz attanghan.
Qorashora Qarmys biy,
Kem emes edi kemeden.
Syrlybay, Baby ekeui,
Taysalmas әdil tóreden.
Bayjan, Aqsha, Asannan
Ári saqa, әri biy,
Atymtaydan beregen,
Syrlybay, Babyi, Mynbay –
Tar jerden ótkizer jyghylmay,
Osylargha qyzmet et
Satyp alghan qúlynday
Bәrin ait ta birin ait,
Babiy ghoy sonyng kókesi.
Eske saqta múnymdy-ay,
Býkirek, Jaqau, Bәiimbet –
Kishi jýzding jyrynday.
Kemshilik bolmas shyraghym,
Solardyng jýrseng sonynda-ay.
Býginde qazaq basylymdary birinen song biri batyr da, by de – Shapyrashty Nauryzbay, Tausarúly Qazybek by dep jalang úrangha kóshti. Erligi Nauryzbaydy on orap alatyn Alban Rayymbek batyrdy nege jazbaysyndar? Áruaqqa qiyanat jasap jatqandaryndy nege kórmeysinder? Úly shayqastarda erlik kórsetse de esimderi úmtylghan batyrlaryn nege zerttemeysinder? Aqtaban shúbyryndy da Nauryzbay men Rayymbek qol bastady degen derek joq. Olar partizandyq, Jetisu ólkesinin azattyq soghysynyn batyry ekeni ras. Has batyr Tórtaghanyn biri Shaqshaq Jәnibekti Alashtyn úranynan alyp tastap, Jetisudyn ólke azattyq partizandyq soghysynyn batyry Nauryzbaydy úrandatqandaryn tariyh, Qúday aldyndaghy keshirilmes qiyanat.
Búlantydaghy tarihy soghysta Qarakerey Qabanbay, Qanjyghaly Bógenbay, Shaqshaq Jәnibekpen qatar qoyyp Nauryzbaydy qaharman qylasyn, Núrperzent. Sol uaqytta jau qol astynda qalghan júrtpen habar tasushy (jaushy) ornynda jýrgen. Qazybekke 2000 myng Dulat qolyn basqartyp, qolbasshy dep aspandatqansyn. Qazybek biyding Tóle biyding orynbasary bolghany kóp keyin... Sebebi, 1727 jyldary úly jýz týgelimen jongharlar basyp alghan jer edi. Tóle by úly jýzding úlys begi, jonghardyng ong qoly, amanatqa úlyn berip, Shashty (Tashkent) basqarghan shaghy. Nauryzbaydyn aty Abylay keyin Orta Jýzge han bolghanda sharyqtady. 1752 jyldary shýrshitter (Qytay) jongharlardy qyryp saldy (3mln. Halyqtyng 1.5 millionyn qyrdy). Al Qazybek by Tauasarúly degendi minajaty Qaldarbek Balghynbaev jarnamalap, esimi ýsh ghasyr ótken song shyqty. Tauasar úly tarihta bolghan túlgha, biraq minajaty jazghanday ýsh jýzge tanymal, ýsh biymen qatar jýrip biylik aitty deu jalghan әserleu, ony qaharman etken Qaldarbek degeni.
Tarihtaghy Qalmaqqyrylghan atanghan jer qay jer? Bir derekte Sarysu boyynda qyryq mynnan astam qazaq jasaqtary qatysqan soghys ótken jer delinedi. Meninshe, jongharmen aradaghy qandy shayqas – Múghaljar tauyndaghy shatqalda, Bógeli Bórteli men Qarasiyr jazyghy. Búl jerde Qarasaqal Taylaq pen Oshaqty Sauryq batyrdyn birlesken qolymen ýsh kýndik úrysta jonghar jasaghy kýirey jenilgen. Jekpe-jekte Taylaq Dabu noyandy jer jastandyrdy.
Bógeli Bórtelidegi jenis qazaq elining ensesin kóterip, arty Búlanty, Anyraqay jenisine jalghasqan últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng bastamasy. Búlanty men Anyraqaydaghy jenis bolmasa qazaq ordasy sol kezden 100 jyl búryn ghana toz-toz bop qúryghan Noghay ordasynyng kebin kiyeri anyq edi. Kedergisiz qazaq jerining kindigine jetken jonghar qoly endi bir sekirse Edil qalmaqtarymen biriger edi. Jonghar men qalmaq tili bir, nәsili bir halyq. Edil qalmaqtary әr sebeptermen Edil boyyna túraqtap qalghan kóshpendi halyq. Óte jauynger últ. Bir zamanda ózinen jýz ese kóp shýrshitter olargha salyq tólep, qontayshylaryna qyzdaryn berip qúda-jekjat bolyp qorghanghan.
Orys memleketining taghdyry ýshin Poltava, Kulikovo, Borodino týbindegi shayqastary qanday manyzdy bolsa, qazaq halqy men memleketi ýshin Búlanty men Bileuti týbindegi jenis te sonday manyzdy.
Búlanty, Anyraqay shayqastaryna dem bergen Bógeli Bórteli, Qarasiyr jazyghyndaghy birinshi ret jongharlargha kýsheyte soqqy bergen qoldy bastaghan Taylaq pen Sauryq batyrlar tarihta layyqty oryndaryn aluy tiyis! Búlanty, Anyraqaydaghy jenisti Kishi jýz hany Ábilqayyrdyng kemenger qolbasshylyghymen kelgenin moyyndaugha tiyispiz.
Bala Sartay keyinnen jasy kelgende Álim taypasynyng bii el qorghaghan qolbasshysy bolyp, 40 jyl qyrghynda talay aiqasty bastan ótkizdi. Edil qalmaqtarymen, týrkimen, bashqúrt, Hiua, Ýrgenish sarttarymen, orys basqynshylarymen soghysyp, óle ólgenshe Syr boyyn qorghap ketti. Sartay – orystyng otarlau sayasatyna, Ábilqayyrdyn bodan bolu sayasatyna qarsy túrghandardyng biri. Sartay esimi A.Levshinnin «Opisanie kirgiyz-kazachi ily kirgiyz-kaysaskih orda stepiy» atty enbeginde, Tevkelevting kýndeliginde, M.Vyatkinning «Syrym batyr» kitabynda, t.b. kóptegen qújattarda kezdesedi. Ol 1732 jyly 6 nauryzda Tevkelevpen kezdesip әngimelesken.
Á.Kekilbaevtyng «Ýrker», «Elen-alanynda» Bayjan, Babi, Syrlybay biyler, batyr Aqsha, Sartay turaly ashyp jazylghan. Orys elshilerinin atqan oghynan qaza tapqan Baby biyding inisi – Bayghara batyrdyng qúnyn daulaushylardyng biri.
Sartay Qazalygha tayau Qyzyldyng qúmyndaghy Qasym qoja qorymyna jerlengen deydi. Ol qate pikir. Sartay atamyz qys qystau, jaz jaylauy, Jaqayym asandarynyng qonysy – Rayym eldimekenine tayau orynda jatyr. Kesenesi janartyldy.
Birde Ómirzaq Jolymbetov aghamyz Gruziyagha barghanda, múrajaygha ainalghan patsha sarayynyng eteginde aghyp jatqan Kura ózeni jaghalauyndaghy tas qúlpytastargha kózi týsedi. 1744 jyly Irannyng Nәdir shaqy Gýrjistangha shabuyl jasaghanda, patsha sarayyn qorghap, qaqpa aldynda qaza tapqan Gýrjining (gruzinnin) jýz balasynyng әrqaysysyna qúlpytas qoyyp, esimderin tasqa oighan. Biz shahid ketken 500 balanyng әr qaysysyna qoymasaq ta, jau jýrek myng balagha ortaq belgi nege qoymaymyz? Tasqa qyrshyn ketken bozbalalardyn qolbasshysy Sartaydy, batyrlar Jylqaydar, Jylqamandy, ústazy Býkirek batyrdy oiyp jazsaq, úrpaqty otansýigishtikke tәrbiyeleuge bolar edi.
1998 jyly Jezqazghan qalasynyng әkimshiligi Búlanty shayqasyn zertteuge ekspedisiya úiymdastyryp, Betpaqtyng dalasymen 1500 shaqyrym jýrip, Búlanty shayqasy ótken – Qalmaqqyrylghan jotasynan bastap 6 jerge belgi qoydy. 60-70 shaqyrymgha sozylyp jatqan Búlanty boyyndaghy qalyng qorymda qalmaqpen shayqasta qaza tapqan jauyngerler jatyr.
Syr boyynda eljandy azamattar bar, Qorqyt ata pedagogikalyq instituty ekspedisiya úiymdastyryp, jau jýrek myng balagha arnap qomaqty eskertkish belgi qoyar. Qazaq handyghynyng 550 jyldyghy qarsanynda Sartay bastaghan qoldyng erligi layyqty atalghany jón. Búlanty jenisining 290 jyldyghyna da az uaqyt qaldy.
Janat – seri, Baby by tegi, Aqtóbe oblysy.
Abai.kz