Abaydyng «Atadan altau, Anadan tórteu, Jalghyzdyq kórer jerim joq» degen óleng joldaryn bilmeytin qazaq joq. Biraq, tarihy jazbalarda atadan jeteu ekenine asa mәn berilmey keledi.

Qúnanbay kóp әieldi bolghan. Ýlken әieli - qyzday alghan Kýnkeden tughan balasy Qúdayberdi. Ekinshi әieli – Úljannan tughan balalary: Tәnirberdi, Ybyray (Abay), Ysqaq, Ospan, ýshinshi әieli – Ayghyzdan Haliolla, Ysmaghúl degen balalary bolghan. Qúnanbaydyng tórtinshi әieli – Núrghanymnan bala bolmaghan. Qúnanbay balalarynyng ishinde eki balasyna ýlken ýmit artqan. Haliollany jastayynan orys oquyna berse, Abaydy músylmansha oqytady.  Qúnanbay  balalaryna óz atyn jazdyryp otyrghanymen Haliolla men Ábdirahmangha әkesi Óskenbaydyng esimin beredi.  «Haliolla Óskenbaev» dep jazdyrghany turaly kuәlik qaghaz (sviydetelistvo) múraghattarda  saqtalghan. Haliollany aghayyn tuy­sy – Halel dese, onyng aty-jóni orys basylymdary men arhiv derekterinde «Haliulla Uskenbaev» dep kezdesedi. Búl jóninde Árham Ysqaqov­tyn  kólemdi esteliginde: «Sóitip, (Qúnan­bay) Ayghyzdy eki әiel ýstine toqaldyqqa alady. Beri kelgende bala­lary appaq әje desedi eken. Osy Ayghyzdan 1848 jyly Abaydan ýsh jas kishi úl tusa, Qú­nanbay onyng atyn taghy da payghambar atymen Haliolla qoyady» – dep jazady. 

M.Áuezov óz enbekterinde Haliolla turaly jazbaghanymen, ol jayynda jaqsy bilgeni sózsiz. Jasynda, barlyq Qúnanbay balalary siyaqty auyl moldasy Ghabiyt­han­nan dәris alyp, músylmansha hat tanidy.   Keyinnen Haliolla Semeydegi Kamaliyden haziretting medresesinde 3 jyl oqyp, oghan qosa ózi ynta qoyyp, oryssha sauatyn ashady. Búl turaly Árham Ysqaqúly ózining esteliginde   Abay Ha­liol­lany atasy Ósken­baydyng atyna jaz­dy­ryp, kuәlik qaghaz aldyryp, oquyna qara­jat jinaghany turaly aitady.  Ombygha oqu­­gha aparyp ornalastyrmaq niye­ti de bolghan Abaydyng el ishindegi sharualargha baylanysty Ha­liollany Ombygha aparu mәselesi orys tilin biletin Ghabithan mol­dagha tapsyrylady. Árham: «Haliolla sabyrly, kóp sói­lemeytin, túiyq bolady.  Abay Ysqaqtan Haliolla artyq, oily aqyldy, dana adam bolar dep ýmit artady» deydi. Abaydyng ómiri men әdeby múrasyn tanytuda eleuli enbek etken, Abaydyng alghashqy ólenderin jinaqtaushy  Kәkitay Ysqaqúly da  Haliollanyng Ombydaghy oquy jayly derekter keltirip: «Ózge júrt orystan balasyn jasyryp jýrgende, balalaryna oryssha oqu oqytyp, Haliolla degen balasyn Omskiy kadetskiy korpustan oqytyp, onan song Moskvadaghy Pavlovskiy kaveleriskiy shkoldan oqytyp, sabaqty jaqsy bitirip, kornet bolyp, qyzmette jýrgende, auyryp dýniyeden qaytyp edi» deydi.

Haliolla 1848 jyly dýniyege kelip, nebary 22 jasynda 1870 jyly ómirden ozghan.  Qaytys bolghanda Qúnanbay Ombygha kisi jiberip, onyng denesin elge alghyzyp, Sary qatyn qystauyna jerleydi. 

Haliolla Óskenbaev - tek úly danyshpan Abaydyng ónegeli inisi ghana emes, óz zamanynan oza tughan, bilim kógine úmtylyp, ainalasyna ziyalylyqtyng shuaghyn shashqan erekshe túlgha bolady.  Abaygha  erekshe jәrdem bergen ol qazaqtyng túnghysh ziyalylary: Shoqan Uәlihanov, Sadyq Babajanov, t.b. oqyp bitirgennen keyin Ombydaghy kadet korpusynda, Moskvanyng Pavlov atty әskery uchiliyshesinde oqidy. Jalpy jiyny segiz jyl oqyp, kadet shenin iyelenedi. Haliolla oqu bitirgen son, bir jyl elde bolyp, bir jyl Ombyda әskery qyzmet atqarady. Semey ónirinde alghashqylardyng biri bolyp әskery shenge ie bolghan ol óz zamanyndaghy ziyaly qauym ókili retinde jat jerde tek bilim alumen   ghana shektelmey, qazaq halqynyng foliklor ýlgilerin jinaydy.Olardy orystyng shyghystanushy ghalymdary IY.Bereziyn, N.Kostyleskiy, N.Maksimovterge joldap, ózi de qazaq halqy auyz әdebiyetining keybir núsqalaryn orys tiline audarady. Jazghandary  «Dala uәlayaty», «Sibirskiy vestniyk», «Moskovskaya illustrativnaya gazeta», «Priroda y ludiy» basylymdarynda jaryq kórip otyrady. Jalpy Haliolla Óskenbaevtyn   ghúmyry men shygharmashylyghy jayly  ghalymdar men jazushylar óz pikirlerin jazghan. Sonyng biri - Álkey Marghúlan Haliollanyng ómiri men ruhany múrasyn zertteuge den qoyghan alghashqy ghalym. Haliolla jayynda әr uaqyttarda orys ghalymdary G.Potoniyn, N.Maksimov, IY.Bereziyn, N.Kostyleskiyler men qazaq jazushylary M.Áuezov, S.Múqanov jәne ghalym-zertteushiler  Ú.Súbhanberdina, A.Saghdi, Á.Marghúlan, M.Beysenbaevtar, T. Júrtbay, T.Álimqúlovtar, Yrghyzbay úrpaqtary Kәkitay, Árham Ysqaqovtar, Ahat Qúdayberdiyev, Túraghúl da jazdy. Haliolla turaly akademik Á. X. Marghúlan: «Ol ózining qandastaryn «qazaqtan da» basqa әlem bar, bilim men ghylymnyn, ruhany eseyge talpynystyng әlemi bar ekendigine ýiretken adam... Haliolla danyshpan aqyn Abaygha ýlken yqpal etken», – dep bagha beredi. M.Áuezovpen birge oqyghan, onyng dosy, pikirlesi bolghan belgili ghalym Álkey Marghúlan Abay ainalasyn zertteuge, Abay­tanugha zor ýles qosqany belgili. Ghalym­nyng «Abay» jurnalynyng 1993 jylghy №6 sanynda «Ýsh hattyng syry» degen maqalasy jariya­langhan. Maqalanyng maz­mú­ny: Ál­key Marghúlan 1938 jy­ly Leningradta bolghan­da, professor, shyghystanushy IY.N. Bere­ziyn­ning arhiyvinen Haliollanyng atyna jazyl­ghan ýsh hattyng kóshir­me­sin jasaghan. Áriyne, ony zaman aghy­myna say uaqytynda aita almay, tek 1959 jyly ghana jariyalaghan. Osy keltirilgen jazbalardy zerdeley qarasaq, Haliollagha ja­zyl­ghan hattar, onyng bizge belgisiz qoljazbalary Kostyleskiy arqy­ly Berezinge jetkenin an­gha­ru qiyngha soq­pay­dy. Osy maqa­la­da Álkey Marghúlan: «Tek jastay ótip ketkeni bolmasa, Haliolla aghasy Abay siyaqty asqan oi­shyl, qalamy tógilgen jazushy boluy anyq edi» – dep sýisine jazady.

Jasy otyzgha jetpey dýniyeden ozghan Haliolla jayynda 1896 jyldary orys zertteushisi N. Potanin «Eng songhy qazaq hanzadasynyng kiyiz ýiinde» (Shyghys súltannyng ýiinde) degen enbeginde  («Russkoe bogotstvo» jurnaly. 1896, №8) Haliollanyng asqan bilimdarlyghymen qosa, sol bilgenin óz eline ýiretip, basqa júrttyng әdebiyetin qazaq júrtyna nasihattap, tanystyrudaghy enbegin erekshe bayandaydy. Dәl osy jyly H.Óskenbaev turaly «Dala ualayatynyng gazetinde» «Qazaqtyng tәuir adamdarynyng qylar isi» degen maqala jariyalanyp, onda Hәlelding ómirine az toqtala kelip: «Sol qúrmetti adam estui boyynsha kesh bolghanda orys qissalaryn qazaq tiline pereuattap qazaqtargha aitady eken de estushilerding súrauy boyynsha jazyp beredi eken. Solaysha, Turgenevtin, Lermontovtyn, Tolstoydyng shygharghan kitaptaryn Óskenbayúly erkin pereuat qylyp shygharghan, hәm ózgelerdin. Óskenbaev ras, óz jaqsy kórgen, ýirengen bilimin jerge kómbegen, hәm ony jalghyz ózine saqtamay kóppenen bólisken, óz júrtyn ýiretken, ýlgi qylyp aitugha túratyn isining biri», - dey kelip maqala ayaghynda «jaqsy bolar edi eger de onyng pereuat qylghan qissalary redaksiyada bolsa» - degen tilek ótinish aitylghan. Ókinishtisi sol  Haliollanyng audarma múrasy saqtalmaghan. Haliolla turaly alghash sóz qozghap, qúndy múraghat derekterin berushi jәne Haliollagha jazylghan ýsh hatty tapqan ghalym Á.Marghúlan «Moskovskaya illustrativnaya gazeta» basylymynyng 1892 jylghy №274 sanynda jariyalanghan Haliollanyng «Qazaq anyzy» degen maqalasyn alghash ghylymy ainalymgha engizedi. Búl - H.Óskenbaevtyng baspasóz betine shyqqan bizge belgili jalghyz enbegi. Qysqa maqalada Temuchindi Shynghys tauyndaghy Han biyigine Mayqy by bastatqan biyler aq kiygizge otyrghyzyp kótergen han saylauy tarihy shyndyqqa oray bayandalghan. Abaydyng aldyndaghy aqyndar legi ayaq basa qoymaghan orys, odan batys әdebiyetine boy úruy da jastayynan Semeydegi orys mektebine kelgen  Haliolla arqyly, keyinnen Mihaelis bastaghan orys ziyalylary arqyly bastaldy. Eki jaqty tereng mengergen  bilim, sóz joq, Abaydy ózine deyingi әdebiyetten jana dýnie izdeuge jeteledi. Zamandastarynyn, әsirese G.N. Potaninning sipattauynda Halel әskery ispen qatar kórkem әdebiyetti de jaqsy mengeredi. Halilolla jóninde N.G.Potaniyn:«Mne rasskazyvaly ob odnom kirgizskom sultane /uje umershem Usikenbaeve/, kotoryy okonchil kurs v Omskom kadetskom korpuse y potom jil na rodiyne v stepy okolo Semipalatinska, chto on lubil vecheramy rasskazyvati svoim zemlyakam soderjanie russkih povestey y romanov, y kirgizy s takim interesom ego slushali, chto prosily ego zapisati svoy rasskazy; takim obrazom, poluchalisi tetradi, napisannye po kirgizsky y soderjavshie v sebe volinyy perevod proizvedeniy Turgeneva, Lermontova, Tolstogo y drugiyh. Inogda vo vremya etih liyteraturnyh vecherov v yurte kirgizy puskalisi v rassujdeniya, y togda kak rasskazyval ocheviydes, mojno bylo slyshati, kak Usikenbaev polizovalsya russkimy avtoriytetami. «Poslushayte, a vot chto ob etom govorit izvestnyy russkiy kritik Belinskiy», ily «vot kakogo mneniya ob etom byl russkiy kritik Dobrolubov» deydi. Haliolla orys әdebiyeti turaly auylynyng jastaryna jýieli dәris oqyp otyrghan. Krylovty, Pushkin men Lermontov jyrlaryn Abay eng alghash osy Haliollanyng auzynan estip, keyinnen izdep, qúmarta oqidy.  Árhamnyng esteligi boyynsha Haliolla dýniyeden ótkende  onyng denesimen qosa Ombydan eki sandyq qosa kelipti. Artynda qalghan nәrselerin ini-bauyrlary bólisken kezde Abay birden kitaptar men qoljaz­balargha toly sandyqty qalap alypty. Boyyndaghy talanty ashylyp ýlgermey ketken Haliolla bir sandyq kitappen birge Abaydyng sanasyna orys әdebiyetining sәulesin qúiyp, ruhany dýniyesin bayytyp, tynysyn keneytti.

Haliolla oquyn tәmamdap elge kelgende Qúnanbaymen búrynnan qúda Tinibaydyng Ayghanym degen qyzyna ghashyq bolady. Qúnanbay da, Abay da búghan qarsy bolady. Qyz aghalary Júmadil men Temirghaly da tiri túryp Ayghanymdy Mәkishting inisine bermeydi. Ayghanymdy Almatygha alyp qashpaq bolghan isinen týk shyqpay, aqyry orys sotyna jýginedi. Búl kezde Ayghanym Hәleldi tanymaymyn dep tanady. Sóitse, basyn ainaldyryp oqytylghan eken. Kóp úzamay Ayghanym qúsadan ólip, jigit el-júrtqa ókpelep, Ombygha ketedi. Osy tragediyalyq oqighany M.Áuezov kórkem shygharmasyna arqau etken. Áuezovtanushy ghalym T.Júrtbay: «Ekeuining arasyndaghy tragediyalyq qayghyly hal kórkem shygharmadaghy Dәrmen men Mәkenning ýilenu hikayasyna telingen. Úmytpasanyz, dәl osynday joramal «Qarakóz» piesasyna qatysty da aitylghan»,- dep kórkemdik shyndyq pen tarihy shyndyqtyng tizginin qatar ústay otyryp, jazushy qiyalynyng astaryna ýniledi. Árham esteliginde Haliollanyng aqyndyghynan habardar etetin tómendegi ýzindige nazar audarayyq: «Haliolla aqyn eken, qyzdy joqtap, (Ayghanymgha qosyla almaghannan keyin B.E.) әdiletsizdik qylyp, aqshagha, qara kýshke satylghan patshalyq zannyng búghauyna, paranyng ýstemdigine nalyp kóp ólender jazady jәne óz basyn da ólgen adamgha eseptep joqtau jazady. Sodan este qalghan bir auyzy: Arghy atang sening Yrghyzbay,

Asaudy jegip ýiretken.

Qalmaqtyng jyghyp baluanyn

Qabyrghasyn kýiretken, -

dep bastalady». Á.Jiyrenshinnin: «Óler aldynda Haliolla ata-babasynyng tarihy men óz ómirin qosyp kóp óleng jazyp tastap ketipti. Keyin ol ólgen son, joqtaghan әielder sol óleni men tamasha sózderin dauysqa qosyp aitqan kórinedi»,- degen pikiri jogharydaghy  estelik sózin bekite týsedi. Tamasha aqyn, audarmashy Haliolla Óskenbaev – óneri ashylmay qyrshynynan qiylghan talantty jastyng biri. Haliolla enbegine baylanysty: «Kadet korpusynyng songhy eki klasynda oqyp jýrip, Haliolla N.F.Kostyleskiyge qazaq tilinen kóp sózder jazyp beredi, olardy әri qazaq tilinde audaryp jazady. Onyng ishinde «Enlik-Kebek», «Qalqaman-Mamyr», «Esim hannyng eski joly», «Qazaq biylerining erte kezdegi sheshimderi» taghy basqalary bar. XIX ghasyrdyng 90-jyldary Haliollanyng jazulary N.M.Yadrinsevti, N.IY.Naumovty, N.N.Maksimovty qatty tolghandyrdy. Olardyng ortasynan N.IY.Naumov pen N.N.Maksimov «Dala ualayaty» gazetine hat jazyp, Haliollanyng jazularyn Ombygha jiberse dep súrady. «Enlik-Kebektin» ghajayyp әngimesin N.IY.Naumov «Sibiri» gazetine jәne Aqmola oblysynyng gazetine shyghardy (1892). Haliollanyng kóp jazulary N.N.Maksimovtyng arhiyvinde saqtauly»,- degen ghalym Á.Marghúlannyng qúndy derekteri әli kóp zertteu júmysyn jýrgizu kerek ekenin habardar etedi. Abaydyng «Segiz ayaq» ólenindegi «Atadan altau, anadan tórteu» dep Haliollany qospaghan sebebi osy bolsa kerek.

Tómende Ombyda oquda jýrgen Haliolla Óskenbaevqa jazghan ýsh hattyng biri - Abaydyng haty.  Akademik Álkey Marghúlan 1938 jyly Sankt -Peterburg qalasyndaghy IY.N.Berezinning arhiyvinen kóshirip alyp, sol zamandaghy sayasatqa baylanysty jiyrma jylday uaqyt jasyryyp, jariyalay almady. Aqyry 1959 jyly 12 shildede «Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazetine jariyalandy

Abaydyng inisi Haliullagha jazghan haty

Sizge, ardaqty jәne qúrmetti, jaqsy kóretin ayauly inimiz Haliulla myrzagha, bizden aghanyz Ibrahimnen dúghay sәlem, jәne barlyq ata-analarynyzdan, agha-ini, jengelerinizden kóptegen-kóp dúghay sәlemder joldadyq.

Qúdaygha shýkir, osy kýnde ózing kórgen jandar tegis sәlematpyz.

Sizben, bizge hat jazghan Qamaridden mollagha kópten-kóp sәlem degeysiz.

Árbir sizge dinqaryndasy túrghysynan qylghan jaqsylyqtary allataghaladan qaytsyn, ózine hat jazugha uaqyttar boldy.

Ayagózge kelgen uaqytta pochta jýrerge asyghuda eken, әrtýrli hattardy da kórgen son, kónilimiz jay tapty.

Jәne sizge jol qarjygha otyz tenge jiberdim.

Jana Semeyge maghlým etken uaqytynyzda qúdaytaghala qalasa at taghayyndarmyz.

Tәteniz ¹ bilimning qaynar búlaghyn ýirengening tura synda bek quanyp jatyr.

Árqashan qúdaytaghalagha syiynyp talap qyla kórsin deydi.

Hatynyz tiyisimen eshbir toqtamayynsha Ayagózge kelip osy hatty jazdyq.

hardayym, taupyqty, abyroyly, ghúmyrynyzdy tilep hat jazushy, aghanyz Ibrahim Qúnanbayúly dep bilesiz.

Taghy da kóp-kóp sәlem.

1800 jylynda, 8 martta.

Almahan Múhametqaliqyzy, Innovasiyalyq Zyatkerlik Tehnologiyalar akademiyasy, Astana qalasy

Abai.kz