Redaksiyadan: Jurnalist Jaqsybay Samrattyng tómendegi maqalasynda «Jer satylmasyn, jalgha da berilmesin» dep mәsele qoyyp, Ýkimetti «ýrkitip» túrghan kópshilikting talabyna qatysty kóldeneng oy aitylypty. Ádette bizding oqyrman múnday maqalany «joghary jaqtyng tapsyrysy» degen payymda qabyldaydy. Alayda, avtor atalghan taqyrypqa qalam terbegende «mәselening osy jaghyna da qarayyqshy» dep, maqalany bayyppen jazghanyn bayqatady. Sony myqtap eskergendikten әriptesimizding maqalasy Jer mәselesindegi býgingi baylamymyzdy bayyta týsui mýmkin degen oimen oqyrman talqysyna úsynudy jón kórdik. Al, asyqpay oqyp kórelik.

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Jer mәselesi qoghamymyzda dýrkin-dýrkin shyghyp túratyn túraqty dau bolyp otyr. Óitkeni, bizding halqymyz bey-jay emes, jerine jany qatty ashidy.

Alayda, halyqtyng kóbi jer degenge ózekteri ózeurep, jýrekteri suyrylyp keteyin dep túrsa da onyng mәselesine tereng boylamay, «qúr aighay baqyrghan» baybalamnyng shuymen órekpip jýr. Jer mәselesin aiyru ýshin aldymen onyng maqsattaryn bilu kerek. Bizde jer jeti týrli maqsatqa qoldanylady.  Olardy atap ótetin bolsaq:

1. Auyl sharuashylyghyna qoldanatyn jerler. Egis egetin, mal jayatyn, pishen oratyn jerding bәri osy;
2. Eldimekenderding jerleri; Oghan qala, kent, auyldyq eldi mekender túrghan audandar enedi, kartasy ókiletti organ men jergilikti әkimdikterde syzuly;
3. Ónerkәsip, kólik, baylanys, gharysh, qorghanys jәne t.b. auylsharuashylyghy ýshin qoldanylmaytyn jerler; Olardyng da birazynyng biyligi ortalyq atqarushy organdar men ókiletti organdardyng qúzyretinde;
4. Erekshe qorghalatyn tabighy aumaqtardyng jeri;
5. Orman qorynyng jeri;
6. Su qorynyng jeri;
7.  Zapastaghy jerler;

Osylardyng bәrining kartasy bar, eger jerdi bir maqsattan ekinshi maqsatqa auystyru kerek bolsa, ony audandyq, oblystyq әkimdikter mәslihatpen kelisip, Ýkimet ózining arnayy ókimimen óz qúzyreti sheginde iske asyrady. Árkim jalgha jer alsa, ony óz qalauynsha kórsetilmegen maqsatqa qoldanugha zang rúqsat etpeydi.           

Býgingi kýni de, búryn da bizde dau tughyzyp túrghan auylsharuashylyghyna qoldanylatyn jerler. Onyng jalpy audany 272 mln. gektar bolghanymen egistikke jaramdysy 94 mln. gektarday ghana. Qalghany jayylym men shabyndyqtar. Satu turaly әngime osy jerlerding tónireginde aityluda.

Ghasyrlar boyy osy jerde tughan, ata-babalarymyzdyng qany men teri singen, ózimizding de kindik qanymyz tamghan jerler qazaq ómirining ajyramas bóligi, denesining bir bólshegi siyaqty. Ony jәy ghana jer emes - Jer-ana dep ataymyz. Endi sol jerlerdi jat bireuler menshiktenip kete me dep halyqtyng oghan alang bolyp jýrgenine riza bolu kerek. «Búl bolmasa kýl bolsyn» dep nemqúraylylyq bildirse qayter edik? Eng jamany sol ghoy. Preziydent N.Nazarbaev ta osyghan riza bolghanyn Aqordadaghy 5 mamyrda ótken keneste atap ótti.

Alayda jer satu mәselesin syltau qylyp, halyqty qaytse de qozdandyryp, eldegi túraqtylyqty silkintudi ansap, әr baspanyng túsynda bas baghyp jýrgender de bar eken.  Aldymen Atyrau halqynyng kóterilgeni sonyng aighaghy. Basqa aimaqtargha qaraghanda egistik jerleri mýlde joq osy ónirding aldymen órekpuleri sol, baspadan bas búghyp, andyp jýrgenderding aidap saluynyng salqyny ekeni kórinip túr. «Nasionalisty perestaly sushestvovati v RK kak respektabelinaya politicheskaya sila dva goda nazad. Poetomu oppozisii, kotoraya mogla by brositi vyzov vlasti, tam net», dep ókinish bildiripti A.Kostin degen Reseyding Últtyq strategiya institutynyng qyzmetkeri (365 info.kz) qazaqstandyqtardyng 21 mamyrda iri tolqu jasay almaghandyghy turaly súhbatynda. Osynday «janashyr» sarapshylar, ekspertter, analitikter kóp. Últshyldardyng namysyna tiyip qoyatyn ondaylardyng bәrine Qazaqstannyng kemesin tolqyn úryp, qatty shayqalghany kerek edi.

Naryq talaby boyynsha biz jerdi barynsha tiyimdi paydalanuymyz kerek. Áytpese, jәy jatqan jerden nemese ónimdiligi óte tómen egisten ne payda? «Shóp qoryghan tóbet» degen siyaqty onyng paydasyn ózimiz de kóre almay, bireuding kýshimen de tiyimdi qoldana almay jatsaq, eng ókinishtisi sol. Býgingi kýni bizding auylsharuashylyghymyz IJÓ-ning 5-6 payyzyn ghana beredi. Akademik Kenjeghaly Saghadiyev ony 15-16 payyzgha jetkizuge bolar edi deydi.

Jerdi tiyimdi paydalanu isimen memleket tәuelsizdik alghan jyldardan beri ainalysyp keledi. Ýlken daumen, aighay-shumen 2003 jyly Jer kodeksi qabyldandy. Soghan sәikes jerdi paydalanu qúqy  satylatyn boldy. Sayyp kelgende búl jer satugha rúqsat boldy degen sóz edi.

Auyldyng barlyq túrghyndaryna búrynghy kenshar taraghanda oghan qaraghan egistik, jayylymdyq jәne shabyndyq jerler aktymen («kók qaghaz» atalyp ketken) bólinip berildi. Keybir auyl túrghyndary 5-6, keybiri tipti 9-10 gektardan egistik jer ýlesin alyp, mәz bolyp qaldy. Otbasynda 6-7 adam bolsa 60-70 gektar jerimiz bar dep auyzyn toltyra aityp jýrgender sol kezde kóp bolyp edi. Jayylym men shabyndyq ta solay bólindi. Alayda ózderining jeri naqty qaysy ekenin, qay mannan alghanyn eshkim de bilmeytin. Tek qoldarynda jeri bar degen qaghaz ghana bar. 

Sodan әri, Kodeks qabyldanghan son, jerdi naqtylau prosesi bastaldy. Árkimning qolyndaghy aktysynyng negizinde jerin karta boyynsha naqtylap, qoldaryna 49 jyldyq «jerdi paydalanu qúqy» dep atalatyn jana qosymsha qújat berildi. Endi auyl adamdary ózderining jeri naqty qay jazyqta ekenin bilip, en taghyp, jip baylap jýretin boldy. Biraq solay bolghanymen ol jerge egis salugha kýshi joq edi, sondyqtan ony astyq egetin kompaniyalargha sata bastady.

Astyq kompaniyalary baghasyna kelisip, auyl túrghyndaryna aqshasyn shytyrlatyp sanap bergen eken ghoy dep oilasanyz, qatty qatelesesiz. Auyldyqtardyng anqaulyghyn, zangha jýirik emestigin paydalanghan olar jerding qúnyn birneshe jylgha (10-15) sozyp satyp alu turaly kelisim-shart úsynghan. Onda da túrghyndargha aqsha emes, egis ónimdiligine baylanysty pay dep atalatyn astyq ýlesin berip otyrmaqshy bolghan. Múnyng ózi is jýzinde jaldau aqysy edi, biraq sony jerding aqysyna berip otyrghan tólem dep auyldaghy anqau aghayynnyng auyzyn anqityp ketken. Sharuanyng jerlerine ekken astyqtan 15 jyl boyy shókimdey ýles berip otyrghan jalghanshy aqyrynda jerdi iyemdenu qúqyghyna ie bolyp shygha keletin bolghan.

Osyndaydy kózi ashyq adamdar kórsetken song kóptegen auyldarda dau tuyp, sot arqyly әlgi kelisimshartty búzghyzyp, jer iyelenu qúqyghyn qaytarghan eldimekender de boldy. Sondaydyng birin osy joldardyng avtory bastap, tughan auylynyng jerin «Golden greyn» degen alpauyt astyq kompaniyasynan sot arqyly tartyp әpergen edi. Búl turaly kezinde «Egemenge» jәne t.b. basylymdargha  birneshe ret jazylghan.

Artynan auyldastarymyz birshama әdilettikpen qabyldaghan astyq kompaniyalaryna bәribir sol jerlerin qaytadan berdi. Óitkeni, ózderi eguge tehnikalyq, qarjylyq jәne t.b. kýsh kerek, onday auyl adamynda qaydan bolsyn?

Osynday әdispen jer iyelenu qúqyn 49 jylgha alghan kompaniyalar, fermerler, JShS-lar birneshe jyl astyq egip keledi. Biraq kóbining ónimdiligi tómen. Óitkeni, jana tehnologiyalar engize almaydy, jerdi qúnarlandyru júmystaryn jýrgizbeydi. Ondaygha qúlqy da joq, óitkeni 49 jyldan keyin bәribir tastap ketedi, óziniki emes. Kezinde ashkózdikpen kóp jerdi qamtyghan keybireuler qazirding ózinde kóp jerine ekpey, qara quraygha bastyryp, tastap ketip jatyr.

Mәselening mәnisi

 Songhy kezde dau tudyryp, jer jekemenshikke satylsyn degen әngimeni ony osynday paydalanushylar bastaghan joq. Óitkeni, 49 jyl boyy ózderin eshkim alandatpaytynyn biledi.

Jer telimin satudy byltyrghy qarasha aiynda Kodekske engizilgen ózgertulerding biylghy shilde aiynda kýshine enuine oray alghashqy bolyp sheneunikter kóterdi. Últtyq qordy toltyru kerek dep olargha da búiryq berilgen boluy kerek, әiteuir arendatorlargha jalgha alynghan jerlerdi satyp alyndar dep әngirtayaq oinata bastaydy. Qay kýngidey búl isting kórsetkishteri boyynsha da audandar men audandar, oblystar men oblystar arasynda jarys jasaudy da qolgha alghan. Esimderin kórsetpeudi ótingen birneshe iri arendatorlar osyny aitty.

Ras, sheneunikterding әreketin de týsinuge bolady. Keybireuler arendagha alghan jerin, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, dúrys paydalanbay, biraz bóligin aram shópke bastyrtyp, bos tastaghan. Jerdi qúnarlandyru júmystary da jýrgizilmeydi, auyspaly egis siyaqty búrynnan kele jatqan tehnologiyalyq әdister de qoldanylmaydy. Al jer óziniki bolsa, bәlky janashyrlyq bildirer, onyng bolashaghyna alandaushylyq jasar degen oy da jer resursyn basqaru qyzmetining bir býiirinde jatqan sekildi. Sondyqtan da olar әlgindey, arendatorlar ekpey qaldyrghan 1,7 mln gektar jerdi tizimdep, ony shilde aiynda auksionnan satpaqshy edi... Búl turaly alghashqy bolyp sol kezde jer mәselesi qaraytyn Últtyq ekonomika ministrligining búrynghy basshysy E.Dosaev 30 nauryzda resmy mәlimdeme jasady. 

Osy kezde shu kóterildi. Alghashqy bolyp ony Mәjilis deputaty V.Kosarev kóterdi. Ol tizimdelgen jer uchastoktaryn auksionnan satpas búryn jer alushygha jasalatyn sharttardy anyqtaghan zang qabyldap alayyq dedi. Búl alushyny jerding qúnaryn týsirmeuge, himiyalyq uly zattardy shekten tys qoldanbaugha jәne t.s.s. mindetterdi qarastyrghan zang boluy kerek, jerdi sosyn ghana satayyq degen úsynys edi. Osynday dúrys úsynysty júrttyng bәri qoldap, onyng qolyn aldy.

Alayda... Halyq arasynda jer satylayyn dep jatyr eken, sonyng ishinde sheteldikterge satylghaly jatyr eken degen daqpyrt qaulap ketti. Ony ýrlep jibergender, jogharyda biz aitqan, Qazaqstannyng tynyshtyghy men túraqtylyghyn shayqaltudy kózdep jýrgender de siyaqty. Eshteneni týsinuge, bayypty talqylaugha qúlaq qoymaghan bir tobyrlardyng shyqqanyn da kórdik... «Tereng oi, tereng ghylym izdemeydi, Ótirik pen ósekti jýndey sabap» dep Abay aitqanday eshtenening bayybyna barmay, baybalam salatyndargha búl kókten izdegeni jerden tabylghanday boldy. Áriyne, eldin, jerding tútastyghyn oilap, týn úiqysy tórt bólinetin patriot aghalarymyz ben apalarymyz, ini-qaryndastarymyzdyng da jandary shyryldap ketti. Olardyng qanyn qyzdyrghan basty mәsele – jerdi Qytay azamattarynyng satyp alu mýmkindigi edi.

Aldymen aitarymyz, Kodeksting 24 babynyng 1 tarmaghynda bylay jazylghan: Sheteldikter, azamattyghy joq adamdar, sheteldik zandy túlghalar, sonday-aq jarghylyq kapitalyndaghy sheteldikterdin, azamattyghy joq adamdardyn, sheteldik zandy túlghalardyng ýlesi elu payyzdan asatyn zandy túlghalar auyl sharuashylyghy maqsatyndaghy jer uchaskelerin jiyrma bes jylgha deyingi merzimge jaldau sharttarymen uaqytsha jer paydalanu qúqyghymen ghana iyelene alady. Demek,  sheteldikterge jer satylmaydy. Tek jaldau merzimi 15 jyldan 25 jylgha deyin úzartylady. Onyng sebebin mamandar bylay týsindiredi: «Auyl sharuashylyghy biznesi kóp qarjy saludy talap etedi jәne ózin-ózi aqtauyna úzaq merzim qajet etedi. Sondyqtan jobalargha salynghan qarajattardyng ózin ózi aqtauyna 13-15 jyl qajet. Investordyng salghan qarjysyn óndirip, aldaghy 10 jylda tabys tabuy ýshin jalgha beru merzimi úzartyldy», desedi. Búghan qarsy uәj aitu qiyn. Infraqúrylymy tómen, astyq nemese basqa daqyldar egu tәuekeli óte zor elding auylsharuashylyghy biznesine milliondaghan dollar aqshasyn salghan adamnyng tabys tapqany da dúrys.

Osy jerde kýrt qúbylmaly aua rayy óte jii bolyp túratyn bizding astyq ósiretin soltýstik aimaqtarymyzdaghy sharuanyng kórgen kýnin itke bersin desek artyq emes. Aldymen kóktem jayly bola qoymaydy, jii jaghdayda ylghaly óte mol  bolady, ondayda egiske traktor kire almaydy, uaqyt bolsa qysyp bara jatady, 30 mamyrgha deyin seuip bolu kerek. Ylghal tipti joq bolatyn jyldar da bolyp túrady, ondayda ekken túqym ónbey qalmas pa eken dep týn úiqyng tórtke bólinedi. Odan... jaz boyy aram shópke qarsy gerbisiyd, pestisid degenderdi sebesin. Qazir onyng sapalysyn tabu da onay emes, týrli reseylik, qytaylyq alayaqtar ondaydyng jasandylaryn satyp, talay sharuany otyrghyzyp ketkenin de jii estidik. Amal joq, bәribir sebuing kerek, olay etpeseng aramshóp basyp, qara quray (buriyan) qaptap ketedi. Osy júmystargha da aua rayy jii qolbaylau jasaydy. Aldymen janbyr tilesen, artynan astyq pisu ýshin kýnning ystyq boluyn tilep, әiteuir jaz boyy diqan úiqy kórmeydi ghoy.

Odan, әupirimmen kýzge jetesin. Alladan kýnning ashyq boluyn kýndiz-týni tilep, oraqqa kirisedi. Jayly kýz bolsa jaqsy ghoy, jauyny toqtamay sebelep, keyde qúiyp ketip, esh júmys istetpey, oraqty qarashanyng qara suyghyna deyin sozatyn jyldar da jii bolady. Ol ol ma, kózding jasy, mandaydyng terimen ekken astyqtyng qar astynda qalyp qongy da songhy jyldary jii qaytalanyp keledi.

 Astyq eguding osynday sory baryn zerttegen (al zerttemey olar kirispeydi) sheteldikter bizding jerimizge sonshalyq qúshtar da emes. Álemde astyq eguge jayly jýzdegen elderde jer uchastoktary satylady, aqshasy bar adam solardan-aq satyp  almay ma? Juyrda jazushy, auylsharuashylyghynyng bilgiri, ekonomika ghylymdarynyng doktory Myrzageldi Kemelding «Egemende»  jazghan maqalasynda alys shet elder týgil Resey, Ukraina, Armeniya, Latviya, Litva, Estoniya siyaqty postkenestik elderde de auylsharuashylyghy jerleri jekemenshikke beriletindigi aitylghan. («EQ», 13.05.2016 j). Demek, osylardyng bәrinde jer satylady. Qytayda jer memleket menshigi bolyp eseptelingenimen paydalanu qúqy saudagha salynady. Ol jaqtan kelgen talay oralman  aghayyndarymyz osy qúqyqtaryn qytaylyqtargha satyp, qaltalaryn toltyryp kelgenderin de bilemiz.                    

 Jerding satyluyn oilaghanda halqymyzdy alandatatyn eng basty mәsele, týptep kelgende, elding qauipsizdigi. Jer satylyp, ony basqa memleketting azamattary iyelenip ketse, olar kóbeyip alyp, elimizdi basyp ala ma dep halyq qorqady. Óte zandy, óte oryndy alandaushylyq. Endi osy alandaushylyqtargha óz bilgenimizshe jauap berip kórelik. 

Aldymen Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng barlyq jeri tútastay memlekettiki ekenin eskertkimiz keledi. Qazaqstan jerining tútastyghyn, oghan qol súghylmaushylyghyn jәne bólinbeushiligin memleket qamtamasyz etedi. Ony iske asyratyn әleuetti qúrylymdary, qúdaygha shýkir, jetkilikti. Búl turaly Konstitusiyada jazylghan. Auyl sharuashylyghy maqsatyna paydalynatyn jeke telimder, yaghny bólikter jeke azamattardyng menshigine satylsa, ol Qazaqstan memleketining tútas aumaghynan shyqpay, sol jerge iyelik etip, el zanynyng shenberinde enbek etetinin de eskergenimiz jón. Tipti basqa elding azamaty, sonyng ishinde Qytay azamaty satyp alsa da ol jerge Qytaydyng tuyn tiguge qaqysy joq. Olay istese Qazaqstannyng tútastyghyna qol súqqan bolyp tabylady.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng tútastyghyn BÚÚ tanyghan, oghan syrttan qol súghylatyn bolsa osy úiym ony agressiya dep tanyp, oghan qarsy halyqaralyq әreketter jasalady. Odan basqa aimaqtyq Újymdyq qauipsizdik shart úiymynyng mýsheleri (ÚQShÚ) qataryndaghy Armeniya, Belarussiya, Qazaqstan, Qyrghyzstan, Resey, Tәjikstan memleketteri syrttan agressiya bolsa birlesip qorghanady. Osyny da keybireuler bile bermeytin siyaqty. Úiymnyng kýshengine, yqpalynyng artuyna Qazaqstan Preziydenti N.Nazarbaevtyng qosyp jýrgen ýlesi de óte zor ekenin aita ketuimiz kerek.

Sondyqtan auylsharuashylyghy jer telimderining jeke azamattarymyz týgili alamyn degen sheteldikterge de satyluynan  qorqyp-ýrkuding qajeti joq. Bәribir, ózimizding azamattargha jekemenshikke satylghan dýnie týrli joldarmen, alghysy kelse sheteldikterge satylary da sózsiz. Mysaly, ózimizding bir isker azamat JShS ashyp, oghan 1 mln. ga auylsharuashylyghy maqsatyna paydalanylatyn jer alghan eken deyik. Birshama uaqyttan keyin sol JShS-nyng 50 payyz ýlesin sheteldikke satsa, sonyng ishinde jerining 50 payyzy da bolsa, oghan kim qarsy túrady? Óitkeni, sheteldik jerdi memleketten emes, jeke adamnan satyp alyp jatyr ghoy jәne mәmilede jer satu dep emes, «JShS-nyng 50 payyzyn satu» dep kórsetedi ghoy. Al jekemenshik iyesi kimge ne satqysy kelse de ózi biledi. Osynday qiytúrqy joldardyng myng týrlisin oilap tabugha bolady. Sóitip, sheteldik azamattar men firmalar alghysy kelse – joldaryn tabady.  Biraq alghysy kele me? Gәp sonda?

Jogharyda 2003 jyldan beri jer satugha rúqsat berildi dedik. «Paydalanu qúqy» degenning ózi sol – jer telimin satu degen sóz ghoy. Sodan bergi 13 jylda 1,3 mln. ga ghana jer satylypty. Búl egistik jer kólemining 1,3 payyzy ghana. Osynyng ishinde qanshasyn sheteldikter alypty degen derek te eshqayda aitylmaydy. Demek, ondaylar joq.  

 Sondyqtan jerden airylyp qalamyz dep bosqa órekpuding qajeti joq, sabyrmen bayyptayyq.

Alayda... alayda býgin jer alghysy kelmese de erteng tehnologiyasyn jetildirgen sheteldik emin-erkin satylatyn jer bolsa, qaptap kelui ghajap emes. Ásirese, jer jetpey jatqan Qytay azamattary kóp kelip qaluy mýmkin. Múnday alandaushylyqty qaperden shygharmauymyz kerek. Al oghan qarsy bizding negizgi әreketimiz – zandarymyzdyng naqty jәne myqty boluy. Mәselen onda әrbir aimaqtaghy satylatyn auylsharuashylyghy jer telimining shegi naqtylanuy kerek. Ol teristikte kóbirek (2-3 myng ga), týstikte az boluy shart. Bir audannyng aumaghynda tek 2 nemese 3 jer telimi ghana satylsyn. Satylghan jerde agrotehnikalyq sharalardyng saqtaluy, himiyanyng shekten tys qoldanylmauy, qúnarynyng tómendemeui, saudagha týsken kezindegi boniytettik balynyng tómendemeui, júmysshylar arasyndaghy sheteldik azamattar sanynyng shekti boluy jәne t.b. naqty kórsetilui kerek. Áriyne songhy, syrttan keletin júmysshylar kvotasy bizding ózge zandarda qarastyrylghan, biraq naq auylsharuashylyghy maqsatyndaghy jerde júmys isteytinder sany naqtylanbaghan. Ondaylar 1 myng ga jer alghangha osynsha, 3 myng ga jer alghangha osynsha dep naqtylanuy kerek. Óitkeni, múndaghy júmystar mausymdyq sipatta bolghandyqtan kýz ben kóktemde syrttan keletinder dereu qaptap ketui mýmkin... Kóshi-qon polisiyasynyng júmysy da osy zangha sәikes shiratyla týsui shart.

Sóitip, zanymyz ben zandy qadaghalaushylarymyzdyng júmysyn barynsha shiratsaq, jer telimining tiyimdiligin kóre týser edik. Ayta ketetin jayt, búl zang adamzat qolymen qúnarlanbaytyn, enbek sinirilmeytin jayylym men shabyndyq jerlerge eshqanday qatysy bolmauy kerek. Olardy satudy býgingi tanda mýlde qarastyrugha bolmaydy. Óitkeni, ony óz sharualarymyz da tiyimdi qoldana alady.  

Qoryta aitarymyz, óneshtegenderding sózine órekpimey, sanagha salyp salmaqtasaq, ong sheshilmeytin mәsele joq ekenin úmytpayyq.

Jaqsybay SAMRAT, jurnalist

Abai.kz