Keyingi jyldardyng qorytyndysynda jemqorlyq qylmystarynyng kópshiligin әr dengeydegi әkimdik, auyl sharuashylyq ministrligi, salyq organdary, enbek jәne túrghyndardy әleumettik qorghau ministrligi qyzmetkerleri jasaytynyn andaymyz, al ishki ister organdarynyng qyzmetkerleri osylardyng aldynghy shebinde túr. Ishki ister organdarynda búl salada keng taraghan týrleri:

- para alu;

- lauazymyn asyra paydalanu;

- alayaqtyq.

Ishki ister organdary – qúqyq qorghau organdarynyng ishindegi eng sany kóp bola túra, әkimshilik qyzmetpen birge, qylmystyq-prosessualdyq saladaghy qoghamdyq tәrtipti qamtamasyz etu boyynsha negizgi salmaq jýktelgen organ. Qyzmettik baghyttarynyng kóptigi sybaylastyqqa úryndyrmay qoymaytyny kәdik.

Sondyqtan ishki ister organdaryndaghy jemqorlyq adam men memleket arasyndaghy qatynas túrghysynan kelsek, qoghamdyq qatynastardyng barlyq tústaryna keri yqpalyn tiygizedi. Memleketting mýddesin kýitteytin ókiletti organnyng azamattardyng zandy mýddelerine qayshy keletin kelensiz tendensiyany tudyru qaupi bar. Al búl óz kezeginde qylmysty jasyrushylyqty, tirkemeudi (latentosti) tuyndatyp, sonday-aq túrghylyqty halyqtyng jalpy qúqyq qorghau organdaryna degen senimin joqqa shygharady. Ishki ister organdaryndaghy jemqorlyqqa zandy tikeley búzugha әkelip soqtyratyn negizgi faktorlargha – qylmysty tirkeuden jasyru, qyzmettegi әreketsizdik, qylmystyq is materialdaryn falisifikasiyalau, t.b. jatqyzylady.

Búl faktorlar jemqorlyqqa qarsy is-qimyl boyynsha jekelengen sharalardy ghana tújyrymdau emes, osy is-qimyl tújyrymynyng ózin ózgertudi qajet etetinin kórsetedi. Kez kelgen tújyrymnyng negizinde, bizding pikirimizshe, barlyq elementterining jýielik qúrylymyn anyqtaytyn iydeya jatuy kerek. Biz zannamalyq negizde arqauly mәselelerding bóligi ishki ister organdarynyng qyzmetining dúrys úiymdastyryluy, tiyimsizdigining tónireginde shoghyrlanuy tiyis dep oilaymyz.

Songhy jyldarda jemqorlyqqa qarsy qabyldanghan qúqyqtyq normalar jetip artylady. Alayda búnyng jemqorlyqqa qarsy is-qimylgha әseri sonshalyqty bola qoymaghany da ras. Endeshe búl baghyttyng úiymdastyrylu-qúqyqtyq aspektisi jan-jaqty tolyq qamtylmay otyr, әli de bolsa polisiya qyzmetindegi qyzmettik ýderisterining shynayy empirikalyq qalpy zerttelmegen, әrbir naqty qúqyq qoldanushy niyetining qily qyrlary nazardan tys qalyp otyr degendi aighaqtaydy.

Mәselen, keninen sóz etiletin әri ishki ister organdary qyzmetkerlerin qyzyqtyratyny jalaqylardyng kólemi ekeni belgili. Osynday orayda, mәselen, qylmystyq ne әkimshilik is jýrgizude, óndiriste bolatyn qylmystyq ne әkimshilik isterding sanymen ólshesek, enbek tólemderining birdeyligi túrghysynan alghanda, Qazaqstan Respublikasy Qarjy ministrligining Memlekettik kiris komiytetining anyqtaushylary (búrynghy Kedendik baqylau komiyteti) men Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ishki ister organdarynyng anyqtaushylarynyng ne jergilikti polisiya qyzmetining jýktemelerin salystyrugha kelmeydi, onyng ýstine qyzmetterining jaghdaylary men enbek jýktemelerinde aiyrmashylyqtar kóp. Osynyng bәri de qyzmetkerlerding minez-qúlqyna әser eter negizgi faktorlardyng biri bolyp sanalady.

Jogharyda aitylghan oy tiginen jәne kóldenennen qúrylghan ishki ister organdarynyng úiymdastyrylu erekshelikterin ejiktep zertteuden bas tartu qoldanylghan sharalardyng tipten de tiyimsizdigin әigileydi. Osylaysha biz keleshekte mynaday baghyttargha basty nazar audarymyz kerek siyaqty:

1) Qazaqstan Respublikasy ishki ister organdarynyng qyzmetin baghalau ólshemining jýiesin qalyptastyrugha ózgerister engizu;

2) meritokratiya men ashyqtyq qaghidatyna negizdelgen ishki ister organdarynyng kadrlyq sayasaty;

3) ishki ister organdary úsynatyn әkimshilik proseduralar men memlekettik qyzmetting qol jetimdigi men ashyqtyghy;

4) ishki vedomstvolyq minez-qúlyqtyng erejesin qayta qalyptau.

Endi búl baghyttardy barynsha qysqasha taldap kórelik.

Birinshiden, polisiya júmysynyng kórsetkishin anyqtauda sandyq kórsetkishti sapagha auystyru basty mindet bolugha tiyis. Qazirgi qoldanystaghy baghalau jýiesi qylmysqa qarsy kýresting jalpy qalpyn kórsetip, nәtiyjelerding jan-jaqtylyghyn, statistikalyq mәlimetterding shynayylyghyn qamtamasyz etpeytindey, búl baghytta atqarylar júmystaryd jetildire týsken lәzim.

Ekinshiden, ishki ister organdarynyng kadrlyq sayasaty qabyldanghan sheshimderding ashyqtyghy men meritokratiyalyq qaghidatqa negizdelui kerek. Búl IIO-n reformalau ghana emes, vedomstvonyng kadrlyq sayasatymen de tikeley úshtasyp jatyr. Meritokratiya degenimiz – qyzmetkerding jeke sinirgen enbekteri men jetistikterin moyyndau, ony qabiletteri men kәsiby dayarlyghyna sәikes qyzmet babynda ilgeriletu, jogharylatu bolyp tabylady. Osy jerde myna mәseleni anyqtap alghan abzal. Búl polisiya qyzmetkerlerining jeke ómiri men qyzmettik mýdde men basymdyqtarynyng shegi. Memlekettik qyzmet qaghidaitarynyng biri – azamattardyng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtary jәne zandy mýddelerine memleket mýddeleri aldynda basymdyq beriledi. Búl eki jerdegi eki – tórt degen siyaqty aksioma. Múndaghy mәseleler naqty ashylmaghandyqtan, ashyq baghdardyng joqtyghynan, tómendegi qyzmetkerler basshylyqtyng qisynsyz jazalau sharalaryna úrynyp jýr. Mәselen, jergilikti bólinister basshylary keyde ashyqtan-ashyq polisiya qyzmetkerlerining belgili bir sauyq oryndaryna (meyramhana, kafe) baru sekildi konstitusiyalyq qúqyghyna qayshy keletin zansyz búiryqtar men ókimder shygharady. Juyrda búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary men әleumettik jelilerde Bas prokuraturanyng keshki-týngi mezgilderde sauyq qúru oryndarynda dem alyp otyrghan óz qyzmetkerlerin onashalandyryp, olardy masang kýiin tekseru ýshin kuәlandyrudan ótkizgenine barsha el kuә boldy. Búl siyaqty salalyq vedomstvolar qyzmetindegi orynsyz qataldyqtyng adamdardyng ózge qúqyqtaryna qayshy kelip túrghany ap-anyq kórinip-aq túr. Búl faktor da memlekettik qyzmetting qúnyn týsiretin belgi dep bilemiz. Alayda biz ishki ister organdary qyzmetkerlerining mansaby nemese jýris-túrysy men minez-qúlqy erejeleri ýshin qajetti mәselelermen shektelip qalmay, QR IIM mamandaryn dayarlau jýiesine de yqpal etetin keng kólemdegi úsynystardy úsynghan lәzim. Mәselen, songhy kezde mamandardy dayarlauda tolyqtay joghary oqu ornynan keyingi bilim beru formatyna kóshu, vedomstvolyq oqu oryndarda bakalavriattan bas tartu turaly oilar jii aitylyp qalyp jýr. Óitkeni búl format shet memleketterde kәdipkidey bolsa da, Qazaqstanda birtindep aprobasiyadan ótu ýstinde (mәselen, QR ÚQK akademiyasy, taratylghan Qarjy polisiyasy akademiyasy, Joba boyynsha onyng negizinde S. Esqaraev atyndaghy Bas prokuratura institutymen birikken Qúqyq qorghau akademiyasy).

Ýshinshiden, ishki ister organdary kórsetetin әkimshilik pen memlekettik qyzmet kórsetuindegi qol jetimdilik quatty tehikalyq qayta qalyptau arqyly ghana jýzege aspaq. Aqparattyq tehnologiyalar jýiesin engizuding әrbir sәtteri tiyimdilik monitoringi men azamattardyng pikirin bilu arqyly jýrgizilgeni dúrys.

Tórtinshi baghyttyng (ishki vedomstvolyq minez-qúlyqtyng erejesin qayta qalyptau) ghylymy zertteluining kýrmeui qalyndau, óitkeni qúqyq qorghau organdarynda әleumettik baghalau qúraldary belgili bir shekteulermen jýzege asyp jýr.

Endigi mәsele poliyseyler men túrghyndar arasyndaghy baylanysta tuyndaytyn kóshe boyyndaghy patrulidik polisiya bólinisterining júmystaryn úiymdastyrugha qatysty. Óikeni olar qyzmetine baylanysty halyqpen etene tikeley aralasuy jiyirek. Múnda manyzdy roli, jogharyda aitqanymyzday, polisiyalardyng maqsaty men mindetterinde jatyr. Qyzmet kórsetkishterine formalidy týrde qaraudyng kesirinen patrulidik poliyseyler túrghylyqty azamattardyng jeke qauipsizdigine tóndiretin qauip retinde qabyldanatyn boldy.

Jergilikti polisiya qyzmetining bir baghytyn qúraytyn uchaskelik polisiya inspektorlarynyng jergilikti halyqpen júmysyn úiymdastyru mәselesi arnayy qauzap zertteudi qajet etedi. EYQÚ (OBSE) 2008 jyly-aq qazaqstandyq IIM-ne uchaskelik inspektorlardy oramdyq (kvartalinyh) poliyseylerge auystyru turaly úsynys jasaghan edi. Búl Astana qalasynda oramdyq poliyseylerdi qúru turaly Joba negizinde jasalghan bolatyn. Búl jýie joq jerde payda bolghan joq, onyng ýsitine EYQÚ-nyng oilap tapqany emes, kóne tarihtan tamyr tartyp jatyr. «Oramdaghy qadaghalaushy» («Kvartalinyy nadzirateli») – qala aumaghynda 50, 100 ýy qamtylghan әkimshilik-poliysey funksiyasyn atqaratyn Resey imperiyasyndaghy (1782 j.) lauazymdy túlgha. Oramdaghy qadaghalaushylardyng qaramaghynda oramdy poruchik pen kýzetushiler bolghan. Búl ýlgining (modelidin) eng basty manyzdy ereksheligi poliysey túrghyndar qauymdastyghynyng (obshinanyn) ókili retinde qarastyrylatyndyghy. Osynday túrghydan analogiya retinde býginde Qazaqstandaghy jýzege asqan әr ýige dәrigerlerdi bekitu әdisin, sonday-aq shet elderde әbden qalypqa týsken әr otbasynyng óz advokatary bolatyny aitugha bolar edi. Búnyng útymdylyghy uchaskelik polisiya inspektory azamattar qauymdastyghynyng qarym-qatynastarynda tuyndaytyn barlyq mәselelerge qanyq bolyp, sәikesti ókilettigi sheginde daulardy sheshe bilu daghdylaryn mengeretininen kórinedi. Al kemshiligi jergilikti jerde poliysey biyligining beleng aluyn aitar edik, alayda múny oramdyq poliysey men uchaskelik uәkil (inspektorlardy) lauazymyna ýmitkerlerdi saylau ne qayta saylau arqyly demokratiyalyq proseduralarda engizu arqyly joigha bolady.

E.E. Serimov,

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