El birligi, halyqtyng tynyshtyghy qay memleketting bolmasyn eng basty qaghidattary men nazarda ústaytyn mәselelerining biri bolmaq. Birligi bar el azbaydy, birligi bar el tozbaydy demekshi elding birligin ústap túru onay júmys emes ekenin barsha júrt biletin qúndylyq. Elimizde kóptegen últtar men úlystardyng basyn biriktirip bir jaghadan bas, bir jennen qol shygharyp basqaryp otyrghan qazirgi sayasatymyzgha syzat týsirgisi keletin diny aghymdardyng qaupi orasang zor. Sonday aghymdardyng biri kezinde uahhabiylik, qazirgi kezde ózderin sәlәfiylik atauymen elge tanylghan aghym jayly sóz órbimek. Bir qyzyghy uahhabiyler, yaghny sәlәfitter әr memlekette attaryn ózgertip jaqtastar jinaghanymen zaty men diny tanymy ózgermeytin qalpynda qaluda.

Sәlәfiylik aghymynyng tarihyna qysqasha toqtalatyn bolsaq, negizin XIII ghasyrda Ibn Taymiya salghan, XVIII ghasyrda Múhammed ibn Abduluahhab (1704-1787) ilimin damytqan. Múhammed ibn Abduluahhab ózining enbekterinde ózderi siyaqty senbeytin adamdardy kýpirlikke aiyptap qaruly jihadqa ýndegen. Ózderin «sәlәfpiz» dep sanaytyndar músylmandardy Allanyng birligine shaqyru, islam dinin húrafat-bidaghat (dinge engen janalyq) amaldardan tazalau, dinimizdi payghambar zamanyndaghyday yaghny orta ghasyr adamdary sekildi ómir sýru, arab әlemin biriktiru siyaqty diny fundamentaldy iydeyalardy úrangha ainaldyryp, kóptegen adamdardy tura joldan taydyrghan. Sәlәfiylik aghymynyng sheyhy Múhammed ibn Abduluahhab praktikada hanbaly mazhabyn ústanghanymen aqida (senimde) hanbaly mәzhaby boyynsha dindi ústanbaydy. Múhammed ibn Abduluahhab HVIII ghasyrdyng 40 jyldarynan bastap arab elderin biriktiru degen úranmen Dariya kentining әmirshisi Múhammed ibn Saudty (Sughud) óz jolynda kýresuge shaqyryp, keyinnen dinastiyanyng resmy iydeologiyasyna ainaldyryp, qazirgi kezge deyin olar barlyq jerde ókimetti qolgha alu jәne sol arqyly óz maqsatyna jetu ýshin toqtausyz kýres jýrgizude. Al negizinde salafiylik terminning anyqtamasy «aldynghy ótkender», «búrynghylar» degen maghynany beredi. Keybir islam ghúlamalary músylmandardyng aldynghy ýsh tolqynyn «sәlәfiyler» dep atady. Olar – sahabalar (payghambardy kórgender), tәbighinder (sahabalardy kórgender) jәne tabagha-tәbighinder (tabighinderdi kórgender). Búl degenimiz «sәlәf» úrpaghyna VII, VIII, IX, ghasyrlarda ómir sýrgen izgi adamdar men Imam Ábu Hanifa, Imam Tahaui, Imam Shafighi, Imam Mәliky t.b. ghalymdardy jatqyzsa bolady. Al, X ghasyrdan bastap bizding zamanymyzgha deyin ómir sýrgen islam ghúlamalaryn «hәlәf» - dep ataghan. Oghan Imam Maturudi, Imam Ashari, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy t.b. kiredi.
Biraq qazirgi sәlәfiylermiz degenderding diny tanymy radikaldanyp qoghamgha ziyan tiygizude. Olardyng diny tanymdary ótken ghasyrdaghy sahabalar men tabighinderding diny tanymdaryna mýldem say kelmeydi. Sebebi, Múhammed ibn Abduluahhab «Kitabt-tauhiyd», (Senim kitaby), «Kәshfush-shubuhat», (Kýmәndi nәrselerden aryltu), jәne «Kitabul-usuliys-sәlәsә», (Ýsh negiz kitaby) enbekterinde tauhid (senim), shirk, biydghat (dinge engen janalyq) dep ózge últtardyng san ghasyrdan beri islam dinimen úshtasyp kele jatqan salt-dәstýrin haramgha, shirikke tenep óz últynyng dúshpany qyluda. Últtyq qúndylyqtaryn bilmegen, onymen maqtanbaghan azamattarda elge, jerge degen sýiispenshilik sezimi joyyluda. Mәselen, Amerikandyq sarapshy Mark Seydjmannyng zertteui boyynsha «Terroristerding tórtten biri ghana jaghdayy tómen otbasynan shyqqan. Terroristerding basym kópshiligi joghary taptan shyqqan, jartysy orta taptan shyqqan, kóbisi otbasyly, diny bilim alghandary óte az, zanger, dәriger, injenerler. Olardyng terrorist bolu sebebi dәstýrli diny tanym negizinen aiyrylyp, ne batystyq mәdeniyetti qabyldamady nemese óz mәdeniyetin bilmegendikten terrorist boldy» - dep tújyrym jasaghan. Sol sekildi qanshama qazaqtyng qara kóz qyzdary men úldary tarihyn, ata-babalary ústanghan dәstýrli diny tanymyn bilmegendikten, jalghan diny aghymdardyng jetegine ketip, biri Siriya men Irakqa ketip jatsa, endi biri tughan elinde lankestik әreket jasauda. Lankesterding negizgi maqsaty din ýshin kýres emes, kersinshe biylik pen baylyqqa jetu.
Sol sebepti sәlәfiylerding uahhabiylik iydeologiyasy adamdardy ózderining toptaryna tartyp, sanalaryn radikaldandyru ýshin neshe týrli qúityrqy ailagha barady. Solardyng biri – tughan tuystarynan, últtyq biregeyliginen, sonynda ózi túryp jatqan memleketin jat qylyp, óz eline qarsy soghysugha ýgitteydi. Qaruly jihadqa shaqyrmas búryn betashar, sәlem salu, as beru, qúran baghyshtau, sekildi dәstýrlerdi shirk, haramgha tenep әbden sanalaryn ulap qoghamnan oqshaulaydy.

Biraq soghan qaramastan sәlәfiyler (uahhabiylik) ózara sayasy mәselede birneshe toptargha bólinude. Búlay bólinui barlyq aghymgha tәn qúbylys. Payda bolghan kez-kelgen aghym uaqyt óte kele ózara kelise almay tarmaqtargha bólinetini aqiqat. Olardyng búlay bólinui birneshe sebepter týrtki bolghan. Mәselen, amal etpegen jan «kәpir me, әlde músylman ba?», «kәpirlermen odaqtasugha bola ma, bolmay ma?» «basshygha baghynu», «patshanyng sayasatyn qoldau nemese qoldamau» sekildi әri aqidagha (senim), әri sayasatqa qatysty mәseleler tónireginde kelise almay «madhalitter», «sururiyler», «takfirler» bolyp bólinip ketken. Atalmysh aghym ókilderining ústazdary men negizge alatyn әdebiyetteri bir bola túra bir-birlerin adasushylyqpen, kýpirlikpen aiyptap, tek ózderin ghana tura jolda jýrgen músylman retinde sanauy, shyn islam dinine jat nәrse. Al búnday týsinikti batystyq ghalym E.Trelich aitpaqshy «Diny aghymdargha tәn qasiyet, tek ózderining senimin ghana dúrys sanaydy jәne qoghamnan oqshaulanyp jýredi», - degen. Qoghamnan oqshaulanyp, zamangha say ómir sýruding ornyna orta ghasyrdaghy adamdar sekildi ómir sýrudi ansaytyn sәlәfiylerdi synarjaq, radikaldy diny aghym ekenin angharugha bolady. Elimiz damushy memleket bolghandyqtan diny fundamentaldyq iydeyalar elimizdi progresske emes, regresske aparatyny aitpasa da belgili.

Sondyqtan elmizding tynyshtyghy men tatulyghyn saqtau, damyghan eldermen terezemizdi tenestiru maqsatynda qoghamnyng diny tanymyn dúrys qalyptastyru asa manyzdy. Bizding diny tanymymyz ata-babalarymyz ústanghan jol ýsh túghyrymyzben tórt qaghidamyzdy jandandyruda bolmaq. Al, ýsh túghyr degenimiz hanify mәzhaby, maturudy senimi, Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding diny tanymy. Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyzdyng diny tanymy tórt qaghidagha negizdelgen. Atap aitqanda, birinshi «zaman» zamangha say ómir sýr jәne jana tehnologiyalarmen, inovasiyalardy iygeru. Ekinshi «mәkәn» yaghny Otan dep tughan eline jerine ayanbay enbek etip halqynyng sýiikti úldary men qyzdary bolu. Ýshinshi «ihuan» yaghny bauyrmaldyq dep adamdardyng últyna, nәsiline, dinine, týsine qaramastan qúrmet kórsetip bauyr tútu. Tórtinshi «Rabta-súltan» basshygha baghyna otyryp әdilettilikti talap etu.

E.Jaqypov, Jambyl oblysy әkimdigi «Din problemalaryn zertteu ortalyghynyn» bólim basshysy

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