HH ghasyrdyng 50-jyldary qazaqtyng songhy hany Kenesary Qasymov basqarghan últ-azattyq kóteriliske arnalghan zertteuleri jәne «HIH ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldaryndaghy Qazaqstan» atty enbegi feodal, qazaq halqynyng qas jauy súltan Kenesaryny dәriptedi, «últshyldyq» negizde, «agha últqa qarsy»  jazylghan degen jeleumen qazaqtan shyqqan kórnekti tarihshy ghalym E.Bekmahanov qatty syngha úshyrady. Ghalymdy 50-jyldaryng basynda oryn alghan qughyn-sýrginning ýshinshi tolqyny ainalyp ótpedi.

Úly Otan soghysynan keyingi jyldary ghylym men mәdeniyetti sayasilandyrugha barynsha kýsh júmsaldy. 50-jyldary respublikada «burjuaziyalyq últshyldyqqa qarsy» qarsy nauqan óris aldy. Búqaralyq aqparat betterinde qazaq intelliygensiyasy ókilderin aiyptaghan «Qazaqstan tarihyndaghy burjuaziyalyq últshyldyqqa qarsy», «Últshyldyqtyn, eskilikting shyrmauynda», «Qazaq әdebiyeti tarihyndaghy Kenesary Qasymov qozghalysyn zertteushilerge qarsy», «Tarihy shyndyq búrmalanbasyn» t.b. saryndaghy maqalalar jaryq kórdi. Respublikanyng iydeologiyalyq kenesinde Kenesary Qasymov qozghalysynyn, Alashorda qayratkerlerining aqtalmaytyndyghy turaly ýzildi-kesildi aityldy (Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydenti múraghaty, 708-qor, 35-tizbe, 1293-is). Ziyaly qauym arasynda kýdiktilik pen ýrey oryn aldy.

Sol jyldardaghy múraghat qújattarynan Qazaqstandaghy búl sayasy nauqanda «qyzyl iydeolog» IY.P.Hramkovtyng әsire belsendiligin angharugha bolatyndyghy. Qazaqstan ghalymdarynyng «ashyq aspanyna búlt ýiirgen, qara týnek ornatqan» búl beybaq kim edi degen zandy súraq tuyndaydy.

Ivan Petrovich Hramkov 1905 jyly Kaluga oblysy, Polotnyannyy zavod selosynda dýniyege kelgen. Ár jyldary slesari, zavodta partiya úiymynyng hatshysy, audandyq komsomol úiymynyng hatshysy, Kaluga guberniyalyq komsomol úiymynyng ýgit-nasihat bólimining mengerushisi, Moskva oblysynda partiya úiymynyng hatshysy, Qarashay avtonomiya oblystyq komiytetining ekinshi hatshysy, Stavropoli audandyq komiytetining ýgit júmystary boyynsha hatshysy, Pyatigorsk qalalyq BKP(b) komiytetining birinshi hatshysy   qyzmetterin atqarghan (Kostanayskaya oblasti. Ensiklopediya. – Almaty: Izdatelistv «Arys», 2006. s. 689). Partiyalyq júmysta bolghan IY.P.Hramkov 1948 jyly Joghary partiya mektebin syrttay ayaqtaghan son, BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiyteti iydeologiyalyq júmystar dengeyin kóteruge jәrdemdesedi degen jeleumen Qazaqstangha jibergen. Mәskeuding joldamasymen kelgen «isker» kadr Qazaqstan K(b)P OK-ning ýgit-nasihat bólimining mengerushisi bolyp taghayyndalghan. Qytymyr partiya qyzmetkeri, shovinst  IY.P.Hramkov qoghamdaghy obektivtik jaghdaygha baylanysty últtyq intelliygensiyanyng últtyng sana-sezimin qalyptastyruda belsendi ról atqaratyndyghyn jaqsy týsingen.

...1950 jyldyng shilde aiynda Qazaq KSR IIM Múraghat basqarmasynyng bastyghy IY.Z.Chumak BK(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetine jibergen qúpiya hatynda Qazaqstan K(b)P Ortalyq Komiytetining ýgit jәne nasihat bólimining mengerushisi IY.P.Hramkovtyng tapsyrmasy boyynsha múraghat basqarmasynyng 1949 jyly shygharghan «Alma-Ata v period oktyabrya y v gody grajdanskoy voyny»(Letopisi sobytiy) atty kitabyn talqylap jәne kópshilik paydalanudan alyp tastaugha tapsyrma berilgendigin bayandaghan (Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ortalyq memlekettik múraghaty, 544-qor, 1-tizbe, 1455-is). Kitapta jiberilgen naqty kemshilikter turaly Qazaqstan K(b)P OK-ti tarapynan eshqanday eskertu berilmegenin jәne olardyng ózderi de bilmeytindigin jaza kelip, sol kýni partiya qataryndaghy tarihshylargha kitaptaghy kemshilikterdi tabugha jәne kitapty ainalymnan alyp tastaugha tapsyrma berilgendigin jazdy. Búl tapsyrma respublika partiya komiyteti qyzmetkerleri tarapynan tikeley BK(b)P OK-ning diyrektivasy retinde qabyldanatyndyghy sózsiz edi. Osynday jaghdayda búl kitapty qorghaytyn túlghanyng tabyluy da ekitalay edi.

27 shilde kýni IY.Z.Chumakty IY.P.Hramkovtyng tikeley tapsyrmasy boyynsha orynbasary Ivanov shaqyryp KSRO IIM múraghat Bas basqarmasyna kitaptyng baspadan shyghuy turaly týsinik jazu qajettigin eskertedi. Bólimge tómendegi eki súraqqa týsinikteme berudi talap etedi. Birinshisi, kitapty dayyndau barysynda BK(b)P OK-ning janyndaghy Marksizm-leninizm institutynyng Leningrad qalalyq komiyteti janyndaghy partiya tarihy instituty shygharghan «Bolisheviky v period podgotovky y provedenie Velikoy Oktyabriskoy sosialisticheskiy revolusiy» (Hronika sobytiy v Petrograde) atty kitaptaghy derekter paydalanylghan. Ekinshi, nelikten jaryq kórgen kitapta BK(b)P OK-ti janyndaghy Marksizm-leninizm institutynyng rúqsatynsyz «Istoriya grajdanskoy voyny v SSSR» atty 2 tomdyqqa silteme jasalady. Qoyylghan súraqtargha bergen jauabynda IY.Z.Chumak «Hronika sobytiy v Petrograde» atty kitaptyng ainalymnan 1950 jyldyng 30 nauryzynda alynghandyghyn, basqarma tarapynan jaryqqa shyqqan kitap 1948 jyldyng tamyz aiynda baspadan shyqqandyghyn jәne atalghan kitapqa 1947 jyly «Bolisheviyk» jurnalynyng №21, «Partiynaya jizni» jurnalynyng №18 sandarynda jariyalanghan ong pikirler nazargha alynghanymen týsindiredi. Marksizm-leninizm institutymen kelisu turaly núsqaudyng bolmaghandyghyn nazargha beredi.

Qazaqstan K(b)P OK-ti óz tarapynan kitapta «eleuli kemshilikterdin» barlyghyn múraghat basqarmasyna eskertedi. Atap aitsaq, kitaptyng birinshi tarauynda revolusiya jyldarynda búqara halyqty úiymdastyru jәne mobilizasiyalau sharalarynda negizinen kontrrevolusiyalyq kýshterding qújattary engizilip, kóp oryn berilgendigi erekshe nazarda ústaldy. Kitapqa búl qújattardyng engiziluine baylanysty Z.I.Chumak óz kózqarasyn tómendegishe bildiredi. Kontrrevolusiyalyq kýshterding qújattaryn paydalana otyryp, olardyng kelisimpazdyq, burjuaziyalyq, kontrrevolusiyalyq is әreketterin әshkereleytin qajetti qújattardyng engizilui sebepterining biri sol tústaghy jergilikti bolisheviktik úiymdardyng qújattarynyng saqtalmauyna baylanysty, «jau lageridegi» elementterding qújattaryn paydalanugha mәjbýr bolghandyqtaryn eskere ketedi. Jaryq kórgen «jylnama» partiyalyq túrghyda jazylghandyghy turaly 1950 jyldyng «Bolishevik Kazahstana» jurnalynyng №3 jәne «Kazahstanskaya pravda» gazetining 9 sәuirdegi sandarynda ong pikir jazylghan. Nazar audaratyn jaghday IY.Z.Chumak búl isti qoldan úiymdastyryp otyrghandar barlyghyn ashyna aita kelip, atalghan mәseleni keybir tarihshylar men KSRO IIM múraghat Bas basqarmasyndaghy birli-jarymdy qyzmetkerlerding memlekettik múraghat qorlaryndaghy materialdardy paydalanudy jete baghalamaytyn kózqarastaryn tanugha paydalanatyndyghy turaly pikirin ashyq aitty.

...Aytylghan pikirdi ómirding ózi dәleldep bergeni sol, ile-shala 1950 jyldyng jeltoqsan aiynda tarihshy-ghalym E.Bekmahanovqa qarsy baspasóz betinde «shabuyl» bastaldy.

IY.Z.Chumakpen әngime barysynda IY.P.Hramkov múraghat organdary tarihy materialdar jinaghyn shygharu, ózining «partiyalyq» kózqarasy boyynsha memlekettik múraghattar isi emestigin aitady.

Búl kezenderde memlekettik múraghat qoryn paydalanudyng nәtiyjesinde tarihy qújattargha syny kózqaraspen qaraghan zertteushiler qudalaugha týse bastady. Leningrad pen Moskvada «Leningrad isi», «Dәrigerler isi» deytin sayasy nauqandar qyzu jýrip jatqan kezde Qazaqstanda «Bekmahanov isi» deytin is qoldan jasaldy. E.Bekmahanov 1943 jyly Almatyda múraghat derekteri boyynsha jaryq kórgen «Qazaq KSR tarihy» atty kýrdeli enbekting negizgi avtorlarynyng biri boldy. Búl enbekti jazugha ýlken avtorlar újymy, onyng ishinde soghys jyldarynda Almatygha kóship kelgen belgili kenes tarihshylary A.M.Pankratova, B.D.Grekov, IY.M.Drujiniyn, A.P.Kuchkin t.b. qatysqan bolatyn.

1950 jylghy jeltoqsannyng 26-synda «Pravda» gazetinde «Qazaqstan tarihy mәselelerin markstik-lenindik túrghydan bayandayyq» degen maqala  jariyalanyp, E.Bekmahanov qatty syngha alyndy. Ol enbekting 14 tarauynda K.Qasymovtyng basshylyghymen bolghan kóterilis tarihyn jazghan bolatyn.  Búl kitaptyng keybir synshylary ony orysqa qarsy jazylghan jәne onda Reseyge qarsy últ-azattyq kóterilister dәriptelgen degen aiyptar taqty.

1951-1953 jyldardaghy qughyn-sýrginge kýni býgingi deyin sayasy bagha berilip, jazyqsyz jazalanghandardyng tizimi jariyalanghan joq. Qazaq ghalymdary Q.Sәtbaev, M.Áuezov, Q.Júmaliyev, E.Ysmayylov, Á.Qonyratbaev, B.Kenjebaev, E.Ysmayylov, Q.Múhamethanov, B.Sýleymenov, Á.Qonyratbaev t.b. qudalaugha úshyrady.

Kenesary Qasymov bastaghan últ-azattyq kóterilisti reaksiyalyq-monarhiyalyq dep jariyalau turaly oy IY.P.Hramkovtan órbigen. Jazushy M.Sәrsekening jazuynsha búl mәsele boyynsha qozghaushy bolatyn maqalany jergilikti tarihshylardyng kómegimen jәne «Pravda» gazetining tilshileri A.Chernichenko men V.Ozerovting qatysuymen bólim mengerushisning kabiynetinde dayarlandy (M.Sarseke Ermúhan Bekmahanov. Ghúmyrnama. –Astana: Foliant, 2010 jyl). Búl maqalagha respbulika  partiya úiymynyng birinshi hatshysy qol qoyady dep kýtildi.

Biraq Qazaqstan KP(b) birinshi hatshysy J.Shayahmetov «Bekmahanov isine» baylanysty «Soghys kýnderinde qazaq jauyngerlerine jazghan ýndeu hatta «Kenesary men Nauryzbay batyrlardyng ruhy jebeushi bolsyn!» degen sózimnen qalaysha tanamyn?» dep ýzildi-kesildi bas tartqan son, IY.P.Hramkov jergilikti tarihshylar H.Aydarova, T.Shoyynbaev jәne A.Yakuninge qol qoydyrghan. Alayda qazaqstandyq qol qoyghan ýsh tarihshynyng is-әreketi amalsyzdan bolghan shara bolghanymen, ar aldynda, ghylymgha degen adaldyqtan attaghandaryn joqqa shygharugha bolmas.

E.Bekmahanovtyng synshylary qazaqtar memlekettilikti tek Qazan tónkerisinen keyin ghana aldy dep danagóilekke salynyp, qazaq halqynyng tarihynda memlekettilik bolyp kórmegen degen sandyryqqa deyin bardy.

Qughyn-sýrgin nauqanynyng dem berushisi IY.P.Hramkov pen jandayshaptary oilaghan maqsattaryna jetti. Ayyptalghan E.Bekmahanov 1951 jyly partiya qatarynan shygharylyp, ghylymy ataq dәrejelerinen aiyrylyp, «qoghamgha ziyandy element» retinde oqytushylyq júmystan alystatyldy. 1952 jyly kýzde tútqyngha alynyp, «әdil kenestik» sot ýkimimen 25 jylgha bas bostandyghynan aiyrylyp, Shyghys Sibirdegi Bodaybo qalasyndaghy tútqyndar lagerine aidaldy.

Qazaq tarihshysyn qudalaudyng bastamashysy bolghan IY.P.Hramkov 1954 jyly Qostanay oblystyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshy bolyp taghayyndalghan. Ol nauqangha múryndyq bolyp, jau elementterdi toptap әshkerlegen tabandy júmysy men iydeologiyalyq maydandaghy jetistikteri baghalanyp 1956, 1957 jyldary Lenin ordenimen marapattaldy. Biraq san-salaly sharuashylyghy bar oblysty basqara almay, 1959 jyly N.S.Hrushevting qaharyna iligip, orynynan bosatylyp, Moskvadaghy «Kolos» baspasynda úzaq jyldar enbek etip, zeynetke shyqqan.

Tarih tek ghylym ýshin ghana zerttelmeytindigi belgili. Ol, eng aldymen, ótken tarihtan taghylym, sabaq alu ýshin zertteledi. Qazaqtyng kórnekti tarihshysynyng basynan ótken tauqymet tól tarihymyzdy búrmalaushylargha sabaq bolugha tiyisti degen oidamyz.

Aqqaly Ahmet, H.Dosmúhamedov atyndaghy Atyrau memlekettik uniyversiytetining professory, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory

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