Qazaqstan oqushylar¬nyng matematikalyq bilimi jaghynan әlemde alghashqy «bestikke» enip, Japoniyadan keyingi oryndy alsa, elektronikalyq dayyndyghy ja¬¬ghy¬nan eng songhy bes elding qatarynan, yaghny Aljirding qasynan tabylypty. Matematikter eli jana tehnologiyalardy mengerude nege osal?

Tabighy matematikter

Qazaqstan oqushylar¬nyng matematikalyq bilimi jaghynan әlemde alghashqy «bestikke» enip, Japoniyadan keyingi oryndy alsa, elektronikalyq dayyndyghy ja¬¬ghy¬nan eng songhy bes elding qatarynan, yaghny Aljirding qasynan tabylypty. Matematikter eli jana tehnologiyalardy mengerude nege osal?

Tabighy matematikter

Bilim beru salasyndaghy je¬tis¬tikterdi baghalaytyn halyqara¬lyq qauymdastyq (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement – IEA ) «Matematika men ghylymdy oqyp-ýirenudegi halyqaralyq ten¬densiyalar» atty esebin j¬a¬riyalady. Onda 2008 jyly әlem¬ning 67 elindegi 4-8 synyp oqu¬shy¬larynyng matematika men ja¬ra¬tylystanu ghylymdary boyynsha bili¬mi saraptalghany jazylghan. Zertteu bilim beru jýiesi әr qily memleketterdegi orta mektep oqu¬shylarynyng ghylymy dayyndy¬ghyn salystyrmaly týrde bagha¬lap, olargha әser etushi faktor¬lar¬dy anyqtaudy maqsat tútqan.
Bir qyzyghy, oghan alghash ret qa¬tysqan Qazaqstan birden algha shyghyp, әlemning 37 eli arasynda 5-oryndy iyelengen (1 keste). Gon¬kong, Singapur, Tayvani, Ja¬poniya ghana Qazaqstannyng al¬dy¬na shyqsa, qazaq oqushy¬lary AQSh, Germaniya, Angliya, Resey, Italiya, Daniya siyaqty el¬derding talapkerlerin matematiy¬ka¬lyq bilimi jaghynan shang qap¬tyrghan.
Búl jazbasha jәne auyzsha testileuge respublikanyng 150 mektebinen 4-synypta oqityn 4271 bala qatysypty. Olardyng basym bóligi (2599) – qazaq mek¬tep¬terining oqushylary eken. Testileuge qatysqan oqushylar kez¬deysoqtyq tәsilimen irikteli¬nip alynghan. Eger әlemde matema¬tika¬dan ozyq dengeyding ortasha kór¬setkishi – 5 payyz bolsa, Qa¬zaqstan búl mejeden asyp, oqu¬shy¬larynyng 19 payyzy mate¬ma¬tikadan bilimining óte joghary ekendigin bayqatqan.
«Qazaq – tabighatynan mate¬ma¬tiyk. Múny kezinde orys gha¬lym¬dary talay moyyndaghan» dey¬di Joghary oqu oryndary qauym¬das¬ty¬ghynyng preziydenti, professor Rah¬man Alshanov. Onyng aituyn¬sha, qazaqtyng dәs¬týrli túrmys-tir¬shiliginde ma¬tematikalyq qabiletti shyn¬¬day¬tyn sharua salalary kóp bol¬dy. Oghan qosa, Kenes uaqy¬tyn¬da Qa¬zaq¬stan óte kýshti mate¬matika mek¬tebimen mәlim bolsa, qazir ha¬lyqaralyq dengeydegi birneshe qa¬zaqtyng matematiygi bar ekenin tilge tiyek etedi Alshanov.
Qazaqstandyq oqushylardyng iyn¬tellektualdyq tabysyn Bilim jәne ghylym ministri Janseyit Týi¬mebaev respublikadaghy dәs¬týrli oqu josparlarynan izdepti. Oghan qosa, ol júrtshylyqtyng ma¬tematikanyng ghylym retindegi manyzdylyghyn týsinetindigin aitypty.
Sebebi matematika boyynsha bilim – tehnikalyq bilimning qaynar kózi deydi Ekonomikalyq jәne qarjy silkinisterin boljau ortalyghynyng diyrektory Sara Alpysbaeva. Al tehnikalyq ma¬mandyq iyeleri – elding jalpy damu dengeyin aiqyndaytyn fak¬tor. «Mәselen, memlekette ne¬ghúr¬lym gumanitarlyq mamandyq kóp bolsa, sol el soghúrlym da¬my¬maghan bolyp esepteledi. Da¬my¬ghan elder kerisinshe, tehnika¬lyq mamandyq ýlesining basym¬dy¬lyghymen erekshelenedi» deydi sarapshy. Qazaqstandaghy tehniy¬kal¬yq mamandyqtyng ýlesi – әzirge 25% ghana. Búl – onyng oiyn¬sha, elding ghylymiy-tehnolo¬giya¬l¬yq damuynyng bir kórsetkishi.

Elektronikalyq kembaghaldyq

Aytqanday-aq, byltyr Qa¬zaqstan elektrondyq dayyndyghy jaghynan taghy eki oryngha keyinge jyljydy. Economist saraptama jurnaly IBM institutymen birge әzirlegen kezekti zertteuinde sandyq qana emes (yaghny eldegi kom¬piuterlerdin, úyaly tele¬fon¬dar¬dyng sany, búqaranyng inter¬net¬ke shyghu mýmkindigi), sapalyq kór¬setkishterdi (halyqtyng aq¬parat¬tyq-kommunikasiyalyq teh¬nologiyalardy qoldanu bilikti¬li¬gi, osy saladaghy zannyng ashyq¬ty¬ghy, Ýkimetting jana tehnolo¬giya¬lardy engizudegi kýsh-jigeri) de es¬ep¬ke alady. Osylay memleket¬ting damuyn jedeldetetin nemese te¬jeytin faktorlar anyqtalady.
Álem elderining elektrondyq dayyndyghyn pash etetin reytingte elimiz 70 elding arasynda 66-oryn¬dy alghan (2 keste). Yaghny Qa¬zaqstan elektrondyq dayyn¬dy¬ghy jaghynan Vietnam (65-oryn) men Aljirding (67-oryn) qaq orta¬synda túr. Eger elekt¬ron¬dyq dayyndyqtyng ortasha kór¬setkishi 6,39 ball bolsa, Qa¬zaqstan 3,89 baldy әreng jinap¬ty. Elektrondy dayyndyqtyng eng osal indika¬tory retinde Ýkimet¬ting osy baghyt¬taghy sayasatynyng әlsizdigi atal¬ghan. «Tómen kórset¬kish Qazaqstan Ýkimetining «elekt¬ron¬dy ýkimet» tәrizdi jobalar ja¬saugha kóp qar¬jy bóluining tiyim¬sizdigimen bay¬lanysty boluy mým¬kin», – dep kór¬setilgen esepke ja¬zylghan týsin¬dirmede.
Al әlem elderining aqparattyq teh¬nologiyalardy mengeru den¬geyin anyqtaytyn Dýniye¬jýzilik ekono¬mikalyq forumy INSEAD biznes mektebimen birge 2008-2009 jyldar boyynsha jasaghan jana esebi¬ne sýiensek, Qazaqstan taghy artqa jyljypty. Álemning 134 eli qa¬tysqan búl reytingte Qazaqstan 2 pozisiyagha tómendep, tek 73-oryn¬¬dy (3,79 ball) qanaghat tút¬qan.
«Qazaqstanda aqparattyq-kommunikasiyalyq tehnolo¬giya¬lardy paydalanu dengeyi tómen. Múny kópshilikting aqparattyq tehnologiyalargha ekonomikalyq jәne tehnikalyq sebeptermen qol jetkize almaytyndyghymen jәne aqparttyq tensizdik boyyn¬sha sharalardyng jetkilik¬siz¬digimen týsindiruge bolady» dep jazylghan bayandamagha berilgen týsindirmede.
Aqparattyq tehnologiyalardy Ýki¬mette paydalanu jaghynan, tipti Ázir¬bayjan Qazaqstannyng al¬dyna týsipti. Bayandamada búl sa¬lany retteumen Ázirbayjanda ar¬nayy Baylanys jәne aqparat¬tyq teh¬nologiyalar ministrligi ai¬nalysatyndyghyna airyqsha na¬zar salynghan. Al «elektrondy ýki¬met» jasaqtap, jappay she¬neunikterding blogyn ashyp jat¬qan Qazaqstan kavkazdyq serik¬te¬sinen búl tizimde 31 pozisiyagha artta qalyp túr.
Qazaqstannyng jana tehno¬lo¬giyalardy engizui bylay túrsyn, olar¬dy paydalana alatyn ma¬man¬dary qayda? Bir jaghynan, teh¬nikalyq mamandyqtardyng jo¬ghary oqu oryndaryndaghy ýlesi tó¬men bolsa, ekinshi jaghynan, olar¬dy dayyndaytyn oqytu¬shy¬lardyng bilim sapasynyng qazirgi za¬man talabyna say kele ber¬mey¬tindigine qynjylady Rahman Al¬shanov. «Sebebi jana tehno¬log¬iya¬lar 9 ay sayyn ózgeredi. Kóshten qalmau ýshin olardy shetelde oqy¬typ, oqytushylardyng ghylymy dayyndyghyna airyqsha kónil bólgen abzal» deydi Alshanov. Alayda ghylymiy-konstruk¬tor¬lyq shyghyndargha bólinetin mem¬lekettik qarjy mardymsyz. Mә¬selen, Alpysbaevanyng aituyn¬sha, 2006 jyly osy salagha ketken memlekettik shyghyn mólsheri AQSh-ta – 2,70%, Japoniyada – 3,4 %, Qytayda – 1,6% bolsa, Qa¬zaq¬standa – 0,24%.
Eger jana tehnologiyalardy ózimiz jasap, olardy mengeretin mamandar dayarlaugha jetkilikti kónil bólmesek, memleket qarjy¬synyng әri qaray da syrtqa ysy¬rap bola beretindigin payym¬day¬dy Alpysbaeva. Onyng sózine qa¬ra¬ghanda, syrtqa ketetin kapiy¬tal¬d¬yng ýlken bóligin iri sheteldik kompaniyalarynyng ghylymiy-teh¬nikalyq, qúrylys, kompiu¬ter¬lik, aqparattyq qyzmet týrlerin pay¬dalanugha ketetin shyghyndary qúraydy. «Ýndistan men Qytaydy alsaq, olar ghylymiy-tehnikalyq qyzmet etu rynogynan Batys mamandaryn birtinden ysyryp tastauda. Sebebi olar joghary den¬geydegi matematikalyq bilim beru¬ge kóp kónil bólip, jana teh¬nologiyalardy belsendirek en¬gizude. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde eki elde de jogharghy ekonomikalyq ósu qarqyny saqtaluda» deydi Alpysbaeva.
Sondyqtan ol Qazaqstan eko¬¬nomikalyq bolashaghy ýshin bi¬lim beru salasynda sapalyq re¬formalar jasau kerek dep esep¬teydi. Oghan qosa, Ýkimetke de jana tehnologiyalardy engizude saya¬sy betbúrystyng qajettigi sóz¬siz. Jaratylysynan matema¬tik qa¬¬zaq óz elin nelikten ozyq teh¬no¬¬logiya¬lar eline ainal¬dyr¬masqa?!

Ayjan Kóshkenova