«Allanyng dinnen bekem ústap, aiyrylmandar» (11, Ál-Imran sýresi, 103-ayat), «Aqiqatynda, Allagha qabyl din - Islam dini» (11, Ál Imran sýresi, 19-ayat) dep taza da aqiqat din - islamdy jiberdi. Adam balasy qasiytetti Qúrandy basshylyqqa alyp, eshkimge de, eshnәrsege de qylday qiyanat jasamay ómir sýrsin, qoghamy әdil de imandy bolsyn dep dúrys joldy kórsetu ýshin Qúran Kәrimdi Múhammed (s.a.u.) payghambarymyzgha uahy etti.

Qazaqqa islam dini qalay keldi?

«Allanyng dinnen bekem ústap, aiyrylmandar» (11, Ál-Imran sýresi, 103-ayat), «Aqiqatynda, Allagha qabyl din - Islam dini» (11, Ál Imran sýresi, 19-ayat) dep taza da aqiqat din - islamdy jiberdi. Adam balasy qasiytetti Qúrandy basshylyqqa alyp, eshkimge de, eshnәrsege de qylday qiyanat jasamay ómir sýrsin, qoghamy әdil de imandy bolsyn dep dúrys joldy kórsetu ýshin Qúran Kәrimdi Múhammed (s.a.u.) payghambarymyzgha uahy etti.

Qazaqqa islam dini qalay keldi?

Birlik pen yntymaqty nasihattaytyn, óz izbasarlaryn imandylyqqa úiytatyn, ruh tazalyghyn uaghyzdaytyn asyl din iydeyasyn tu etken músylmandar az jyldardan song Arab týbeginen shaghyndap shyghyp, osy kýngi Siriya, Palestina, Irak jerine jetti. Islamdy negizgi din dep tanyghan arab qosyndarynyng bir bóligi Qyzyl tenizden ótip Mysyrgha taban tiredi, sonyra әri qaray qazirgi Maghrib arab elderine de bayraghyn jelbiretti. Liviya, Tuniys, Aljiyr, Marokko islamgha moyynsúndy. 711 jyly maghribtyq músylmandar jana dindi jalau etip Atlant múhity men Jerorta tenizin bólip jatqan Gibraltar búghazynan ótip, Andalusiyagha qazirgi atauy Ispaniyagha ayaq basty. Olar sonday-aq Ispaniya men Fransiya arasyndaghy Piyreney taularyna da jetti. Keyinirek Islam dini soltýstik Afrika ghana emes, Ortalyq Afrikanyng da biraz jerleri men elderine tarady. Arab jasaqtary tek Batysqa ghana emes, sonday-aq osy kýngi Kishi Aziya men Kavkaz taularyna da at basyn búrdy. Birte-birte jana din Maurenahr dep atalghan Orta Aziyadaghy týrkiler ólkesine de jetti. Búqara men Samarqand, Shash (Tashkent) pen Otyrar, Horezm ólkesi de islamdy qabyldady. Osylaysha Islam dini IH-H ghasyrlarda sunittik baghytta birte-birte týrkiler әleminde de nyghaya bastady.

Týrkiler islam dinining payda boluynan jarty ghasyrdan astam uaqyt búryn әlemdik tarihy prosesting belsendi subektisine ainaldy. Ashina derjavasy kórshiles jatqan memleketterdi ózimen quatty memleket retinde sanasugha mәjbýr etti. Osy uaqyttardan bastap týrkiler Euraziya dalasyndaghy barlyq tarihy oqighalardyng bel ortasynda jýrip, órkeniyettik damudyng baghyt-baghdaryn aiqyndaugha pәrmendi yqpal etti.        Týrki taypalaryn islamdandyru birneshe ghasyrlargha sozyldy. Búl rette Talas manynda arabtardyng 751 jyly qaraqytaylarmen bolghan sheshushi shayqasy ýlken ról atqardy. Talas shayqasy turaly ataqty fransuz tarihshysy, shyghystanushy Rene Gresse: «Qytaysha Kiupiyshe atalghan Tashkentting týrki biyleushisi nemese týdýni qytaylargha talay ret bas iydi (743, 747, 749 jyldary aralyghynda). Biraq sol uaqyttaghy Kuchiyding gubernatory nemese imperiyalyq komissary Kao Sienche ony Qytaygha barar joldardy qorghaudaghy óz missiyandy dúrys oryndamadyng dep jazghyrady. Kao Sienche Tashkentke baryp, týdýnning basyn alyp, baylyghyn iyelendi. Búl osy batys bóligindegi kóterilisterge týrtki bolady. Basy alynghan týdýnning úly Tarbaghataydy jәne Balqash kólining shyghys jaghalauynan Ertiske deyingi Úrynghyny mekendeytin týrki-qarlúqtardan, sonday-aq Soghdydaghy arab garnizonynan qoldau súraydy. Arab generaly Ziad ibn Salih ontýstikten, qarlúqtar soltýstikten keledi. 751 jyldyng shildesinde Kao Sienche Talas ózenining boyynda talqandalady. Bartolidtyng aitqanynday, búl tarihy jenis Ortalyq Aziyanyng taghdyryn sheshti. Barlyq oqighalardyng osyghan әkele jatqanynday bolyp kóringenimen, Qytay yqpalynda qaludyng ornyna Ortalyq Aziya músylmandyqqa bet búrdy».

Týrkilerding islamdy qabyldauyndaghy búqaralyq sipat 1043 jyldyng kýzine jatqyzylady, osy kezde 10 000 shatyr iyeleri 20000 maldy qúrban ait merekesine oray qúrbandyqqa shalyp, islamdy qabyldaydy. Búl týrkilerding jazghy jaylaulary Edil boyynda jayylsa, qystaulary Balasaghúnda bolatyn. Osylaysha Kaspiy many jerleri men Edil boyyn meken etken, qypshaq jәne t.b. taypalardan túratyn týrki taypalary, ózindik músylmandyq týrki mәdeniyetining ortalyqtaryna ainalady.

Islamdandyrudyng basty kezeni retinde elimizdi Qarahan әuleti (H-HI ghgh.) men mogholdar (HIV-HV ghgh.) kezeni atalyp ótiledi. Sebebi Islam dini osy uaqyttar aralyghynda memlekettik din bolyp jariyalanghan.

Tayau Shyghys manyna HI gh. týrkilerding kelui «músylmandyq órkeniyetti transformasiyagha úshyratty». Tranformasiyagha úshyraghan ýmbetti qypshaq dalasy qanday da bir qarsylyqsyz qabyldaydy. K.E. Bosvort týrik-seljýktardyng islam әlemindegi rólin surettegende «shamandyq tarihy bar týrki múrasy sopylyq ordenderine jol tapty. Olar óz kezeginde hanafittik mazhabtyng sunittik baghytyn quatty týrde ústandy».

Deshti Qypshaq jerine islam mәdeniyetining taraluyna Qoja Ahmet Yassauiyding róli óte zor boldy. Islamnyng týrkiler arasynda taraluyna yqpal etken taghy bir faktor súltan Beybarys biylik qúrghan Mysyr elimen jan-jaqty baylanys ornatu boldy. 1261 jyldan bastap eki jaq elshilik delegasiyalarymen almasty. Beybarys elshileri Qyrymdaghy Solodajuge, al Berke ókilderi Aleksandriya qalasyna keledi. 1263 jyly Berke men Beybarys arasynda parsy handyghyna qarsy baghyttalghan kelisim jasaldy. Islam órkeniyeti ýshin búl manyzy zor oqigha boldy. Berke músylman әlemin qan qaqsatqan Hulagudy talqandap, islam elderin shapqynshylyqtan saqtap qaldy. Al qypshaq dalasynan senimdi odaqtas tapqan Beybarys krest joryghyn toqtatty. Búl jerde sayasy ústanymdarmen qatar eki el biyleushilerining arasyndaghy jeke túlghalyq qarym-qatynas Joshy úlysyna da Islamnyng taraluyna ózindik ýlesin qosty. Bartolid óz zerteulerinde: «Súltan Beybarys (1260-1277 jj.) Berke hannyng kýieu balasy bolady, Berkening mysyrlyq nemeresi súltan Beybarystyng múrageri Sa'iyd-han Múhammed ózining atasynyng qúrmetine mongholdyq Berke hannyng Nasir ad-Diyni degen at alady. Sonymen qatar 1280 j. Kairde qaytys bolghan Berkening úly Bedr ad-Din Múhammed, Qúran ayattaryn týsindirip, arab tilinde ólender men diny shygharmalar jazghan».

Kópúltty qazaqqa kópdindilik ne kerek?

Qazirgi uaqytta elimizde 40-tan asa konfessiyalardyng diny birlestikter men úiymdar sany 4000-nan asady. Sonyng ishinde 2337 islam diny birlestikteri, orys pravoslaviya shirkeui - 281, riym-katolik shirkeui - 82, protestanttik diny birlestikter - 1189, iudeylerding diny birlestikteri - 27-ni qúraydy. Qazirgi Qazaqstandaghy dәstýrli emes diny qauymdargha tómendegiler enedi: 5-buddistik qauym, 24-induistik, 12-krishtaittik, 23-Bahai, 2-transsendentalidyq meditasiya qauymy, sonymen qatar, Úly AQ Bauyrlastyqtyng 2-qauymy, 6-saentologiya shirkeui qauymy t.b. Búlardyng 40-tan astam merzimdi diny basylymdary shyghady. Elimizdegi diny oqu-oryndar sany - 19, elimizde - 2200-ge juyq meshit, músylman diny birlestikter sany - 2337.

Qazirgi tanda Qazaqstandaghy dәstýrli emes diny úiymdardyng jәne totalitarly sektalardyng kóbengi men onyng qataryna jastardyng jalpy halyqtyng kóptep tartyluy kópúltty memleketimizding últaralyq tatulyq pen túraqtylyghyna qauipti faktor jәne últaralyq radikalizm men shiyelenisti tudyratyn qosymsha kýsh bolyp tabylady. Býginde Qazaqstan Býkilәlemdik diniy-ruhany forumnyng ortalyghy bolyp tabylady. Al Qazaqstannyng zayyrly memleket boluyna oray, resmy iydeologiya dinge barynsha beytarap. Sondyqtan Qazaqstandaghy jetekshi diny konfessiya statusyna ie islam men hristian dinderine memleket tarapynan qamqorlyq tanytylatyn, basqa diny úiymdardyng qyzmetin retteytin jana Zannyng qabyldauy ózekti.

«Áyelderimiz paranjymen túmshalanbaghan»

Aqyn-jyraular shygharmashylyghynda tektilik mәselesi balajandy qazaq ýshin tekti әiel alumen baylanysty qoyylady. Belgili jazushy-ghalym A. Seydimbekting atap ótkenindey, miyf, әfsanalardan bastap ortaghasyrlyq jyraulargha deyin әiel tektiligining manyzy turaly talay ghibrat sózder aitylghan: "Shyghys halyqtarynyng ishinde qazaq siyaqty sanauly ghana halyqtyng әielderi betine paranjy salmay, didaryn ashyq ústap, qymsynbay erkin jýrui de kóshpeliler ómirinde әiel balasy er adammen birdey, teng dәrejede bolghandyghynan shyghar. Áyel-anany qúrmetteuge, qaster tútugha degen darhan etikanyng qalyptasuyna ne sebep?! Sebep bireu-aq, ol - kóshpeli ómir saltynan tuyndaytyn әleumettik qajettilik demekpiz. Taldanqyrap aitqanda, kóshpeli ómir saltynda әiel-ana esh uaqytta enbekten qol ýzip ajyraghan emes. Yaghny otbasy baqyty, ru amandyghy, el taghdyryna qatysty qazaq әielderining qoghamdyq jauapkershiligi erlerden esh kem bolmaghan". Tektilik kisilik qúndylyq retinde qazaq halqynyng kýndelikti tirshiligine etene enip ketken. Onyng naqtyly kórinisterine jatatyndary: ata-baba әruaghyn ardaqtau, ata-ana aldyndaghy perzenttik boryshyn aqtau, aghany arqa tútu, "qúdany qúdayday syilau", kýieu balasyn tughan úlynday kóru, qyz balany erekshe qúrmettep, әpke - ekinshi ana, "kelinning ayaghynan, qoyshynyng tayaghynan", "kelin keldi - qút-bereke keldi", "balaly ýy bazar", "bala bauyr etin", "bir ýide qansha bolsan, bir-birine qonaqsyn", "jaqsy jenge - anaday abzal", "әkeng ólse de, әkendi kórgen ólmesin", "tórt ayaqtyda bota tatu, eki ayaqtyda bóle tatu", "inim de, inim degenshe - kýnim de", "aghasy bardyng jaghasy bar"  jәne  t.b.

Týrkiler islamgha deyin bir qúdaygha syiynghan

«Tәnirshildikti» din dep aitu óte qiyn. Óitkeni, dәstýrli dinder belgili bir jýieni qalyptastyratyn kitaby, sol kitap týsirilgen payghambary boludy talap etedi. Mysaly, Músagha (gh.s.) Taurat,  Isagha (gh.s.) Injil, Múhammed payghambargha (s.gh.s.) Qúran týsirilgen siyaqty. Búlardyng arasynda beytarap uaqyt kezenderi boldy. Mysaly, Músa men Isanyng (gh.s.) arasynda shamamen 1800 uaqyt kezeni bolsa, Isa men Múhammed payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) arasynda 610 jyl beytarap uaqyt ótti. Búghan qosa payghambar jiberilmegen halyqtar da ómir sýrdi. Olardyng bәri bir jaratushynyng bar ekenin moyyndap, arabtar «Ilah», evreyler «Yahuda», parsylar «Huda», týrkiler «Tәnir» dep jalbarynyp, minajat jasaghan. Qazaq halqy Jaratushyny tanyp, Oghan Tәniri dep jýzdengen. Bir qúdaydyng bar ekenin moyndaghan. Demek, tәnirshildikting týbinde bir Qúdaygha tabynu jatyr. Búl keyin islam dinindegi eng jogharghy qúndylyq bolyp sanalatyn Allany tanu, Odan basqa tәnir joq ekenin moyyndaumenen úshtasyp jatyr dep oilaymyn.

Islamgha deyin qazaqtyng ruhany mәdeniyetinde manyzdy ról atqarghan diny ústanymgha tәnirshildik jatady. Onyng astarynda bir Qúdaygha senushilik tәn ekendigin kórsetkimiz keledi.

N.S. Bakina pikirinshe: «b.z.d. V-III ghgh. Týrkilerde qúlshylyq etu obektisi retinde Kók-Tәniri bolghandyghyn zertteushiler oiynyng bir arnada toghysqandyghy mәlim. Dýnie jýzilik tarihta ol monoteistik dinderding alghashqysy retinde belgili. Tәnirshildik iydeyasynda bir Qúdaygha tabynu iydeyasy oryn alghan» - deui, islamnyn  әr týrli mәdeniyetterdi bir órkeniyettik aghymgha biriktirgendigin kórsetedi. Islam osy dindi qabyldaghan halyqtardyng mәdeniyetin joyyp jibermey, kerisinshe jana satygha kóterdi. Qogham men mәdeniyet ýnemi qozghalysta,  damuda bolatyn jýieler. Týrki mәdeniyeti men islam órkeniyeti turaly aitqanda olardyng bir-birin tolyqtyryp otyrghandyghyn eskeruimiz kerek. Qazaq halqynyng erteden kele jatqan salt-dәstýrleri men әdet-ghúryptary islam qaghidalaryna oraylasqan. Týrkilerding týsiniginde Tәnir Allanyng sinoniymine ainalghan. Islam dinining basty erekshelikterining biri, túrghylyqty halyqtyng nanym-senimderin ózining kanondaryna beyimdep, negizgi qaghidalaryn nyghayta aluynda dep oilaymyz. Resmy islamgha qaraghanda kóshpendi týrkiler arasynda sopylyq baghyt keninen taraldy. Sopylyq baghyttyng taraluyna osy jerlerde islamgha deyin qalyptasqan «әuliyelerdi pir tútu» dәstýri kóp yqpal etti. Ruhany tazalyghy, emshilik qasiyeti, taquashylyghy arqyly halyq arasynda keng tanylyp, bedelge ie bolghan sopylardyng aty tiri kezinde-aq anyzgha ainaldy. Al qaytys bolghan song olardyng beyitteri qasiyetti oryndargha ainaldy. Osynday keybir erekshelikterine qaramastan kóshpendiler arasynda islamnyng taraluyna sopylyqtyng manyzy zor boldy. Sopylyq arqyly islamnyng moralidyq prinsipteri búqara halyq sanasyna sinirildi. Al qoghamdyq ómirding resmy dengeyinde Ábu Hanifa mәzhaby qoldanys tapty. Otyryqshy týrki halyqtary arasynda búl mәzhabtyng qoldanys ayasy, kóshpendilermen salystyrghanda әldeqayda keng boldy. Kóshpendiler qoghamdyq ómirdi retteude әdettik zang normalaryna kóbirek jýgingenimen, islam sharttaryn oryndau men ghibadat mәselelerinde osy mәzhabtyng ústanymdaryn basshylyqqa aldy. Bala tughanda azan shaqyryp at qong, neke qii, jerleu rәsimderi, oraza tútu, namaz oqu tәrtipteri osy mәzhab sharttaryna sәikes atqaryldy. Basqa da músylman halyqtary siyaqty kóshpendiler de oraza ait, qúrban ait siyaqty meyramdardy atap ótip otyrdy.

Býgingi әlem músylmandarynyng 90 payyzyn sunnitter, al qalghan 10 payyzyn shiitter qúraydy. Songhy statistikalyq esepke sýiensek, sol toqsan payyz sunnitting 87,2 payyzyn «maturidiylik» pen «әshghariylik» mektebin ústanatyn «Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghat» jamaghaty qúraydy eken. Al qalghan 2,8 payyzy islamnyng ishindegi «qadiyaniylik-ahmadiylik», «uahabiylik», «hizbut-tahriyr» t.b. aghymdargha tarmaqtalady. Áhly sýnnet fiyqhta Hanafi, Shafi'i, Hanbali, Maliky bolyp bólinse, senim mәselesin Maturidy jәne Áshghary mektepterining qaghidalary arqyly tanidy. Búl eki mektepti de ústanatyndardyng qaghidalary men joldary - bir. Aldymen naqylgha (ayat pen hadiske) sýienip, odan keyin aqylgha da belgili bir dәrejede mәn beredi. Yaghni, Qúran Kәrim men Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) sýnnetine amal etudegi baghyttary, pikirleri bir jerden shyghady.

Qazirgi kezde әlemdegi sýnnit músylmandardyng jartysynan kóbi (shamamen 53%) Hanafy mazhabyn ústanady. Al hanafiylerding basym kópshiligi Imam Maturidiyding bir jýiege keltirgen senim negizderin basshylyqqa alady. Maturidiylik mektepting ghúlamalary bir jýiege keltirgen iman negizderi - Orta Aziya, Týrkiya, Balqan týbegi, Qytay, Ýndistan, Pәkistan aimaghyndaghy músylmandar arasynda keninen jayylghan. Ásirese, búl jýie týrki halyqtary arasynda kóbirek taralghan. Áriyne, onyng ishinde Qazaqstan músylmandary da bar.

Osy orayda «Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghat» degen sózding maghynasyna toqtala ketken jón. Qúran Kәrim men Hazreti Payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) sahih hadisterin ústanyp, jol  bastar etushi, Allanyng elshisi Hazreti Múhammed (s.a.u.) jәne onyng sahabalarynyng senim (aqida) mәselesinde ústanghan jolymen jýrushilerdi «Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghat» dep ataydy. Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghattyng qazaqshasy - «sýnnet júrtshylyghy jәne jamaghat» degendi bildiredi. Yaghni, sýnnetti ústanu - Hazreti Múhammed payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) jýrgen jolyn ústanudy bildiredi.

Al múnyng «Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghat» dep atalu sebebi hazreti Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) ýmmeti jayly aitqan myna hadiysinen tuyndaydy:

«Yahudiyler 71 topqa, hristiandar 72 topqa, ýmmetim de 73 topqa bólinedi. Osy 73 toptyng ishindegi bireui ghana jәnnatqa barady, qalghan 72-si tozaqtyq bolady»,- deydi. Sonda qasynda túrghan sahabalardyng bireui túryp: «Ya Rasulullah! Jәnnatqa baratyn top qaysysy?»- dep súraghanda Payghambarymyz (s.gh.s.): «Mening jәne ashabymnyng (izbasarlarymnyn) jýrgen jolymen jýrgender»,- dep jauap beredi (Ábu Dәuit).

Anas ibn Malikten jetken  basqa bir hadiste: «Shyn mәninde, ýmbetim adasushylyqqa bas qospaydy (birikpeydi), eger qarama-qayshylyqtardy kórsenizder (dushar borlsanyzdar), mindetti týrde ýlken qara topqa (kópshilikke) qosylyndar!» (Ibn Abu Asym «Ás-sunnә») degen ósiyeti býgingi kýnde sunnitterding 87,2 payyzyn qúraytyn «Maturidiylik» pen «Ashghariylik» mektebin ústanatyn «Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghat» júrtshylyghyn menzeydi. Býgingi tanda qazaq qoghamynda «Maturidiylik» pen «Ashghariylik» mektepterin ústanu dúrys emes dep, ony adasushylyq dep sanap, tipti, ony «Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghat» qataryna jatpaydy dep sanaytyn qate pikirdegi toptar bar. Olardyng múnday pikirleri, kózqarastary joghardaghy hadistegi «mindetti týrde ýlken qara topqa (kópshilikke) qosylyndar!» degen Payghambarymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) ósiyetine qarsy keledi. Óitkeni, qazirgi tandaghy ýlken qara top - sunnitterding 87,2 payyzyn qúraytyn Maturidiylik pen Ashghariylik (Áshghariylik mektepting qúrushysy Ábul Hasan Ály ibn Áby Bishr Ishaq Ál-Áshghary h.260/m.873 jyly Basra qalasynda dýniyege keldi. Imam Áshghary әigili sahaba Ábu Músa әl-Áshghariyding (ól.44/665) úrpaghynan taraydy) mektebin ústanatyndar. Mine, osy topqa qosylmay, býirekten siraq shygharyp jýrgen bólinushiler bar. Býginde qoghamymyzdaghy músylman qauymy jik-jikke bólinip, meshittegi jamaghat týgili bir otbasyndaghy eki aghayyn birin biri kәpir, pasyq sanap, bir-birine alakóz bolulary da osylay bólingenderding kesirinen tuyndap otyr.

Abaydan asyp aitpaspyz-au...

Qazaqtyng kemengeri Abay Qúnanbaev aqyn ghana emes, ol  islamdy tereng týsingen teolog bolghan desek, artyq aitqan bolmas edi.

Abay Qúnanbayúly - adamzattyng altyn qoryna qazaq atynan óz ýlesin qosqan ghúlama, «qazaqtyng bas aqyny», «Otandy sýng - imannan» dep, elin-jerin shyn sýigen otanshyl kemenger. Ol halqynyng ónip-ósuin armandap, qaytsem kemshiligin týzeymin dep el-júrtyn adal enbekke, ghylym-bilim ýirenuge ýndedi.

Býkil halqymyzdy tolghandyrghan Abaydyng tenizdey tereng talanty kýn ótken sayyn biyiktep, aqyndar ýshin - armangha, oishyldar ýshin - marjangha ainaldy. Onyng әrbir sózi jibekke tizgen meruettey móldirep, kóz jauyn alsa, salmaqty da saliqaly oilary janyndy terbep, jigerindi janyp, qiyalyndy qyrymgha, kónilindi biyikke kótereri sózsiz. Búl túrghyda qazaqtyng birtuar filosofy Gharifolla Esim «Abay dýniyetanymyndaghy Alla men adam bolmysyn biyik ghylymy parasattyq zerdeden ótkizui úrpaq tәrbiyesindegi ornyqty rólding bekem qazyghy, ataly sózden ýlgi izdeui dep bilemiz. Abay dýniyetanymyndaghy etika mәseleleri retinde adaldyqty, parasattylyqty, otansýigishtikti, imandylyqty, adamgershilikti, ghylym men enbekke qúshtarlyqty, senim men әdep mәselelerin algha tartugha bolady» deydi.

Bir óleninde Allanyng bolmysynan sóz qozghap, sharighat boyynsha Allany tanudaghy býkil islam әlemindegi ghalymdardyng bir auyzdan qabyl etken negizgi doktrinasynyng (Matury men Ashagharidan túratyn «Ahli sýnnet ual-jamaghat») senimi boyynsha Allanyng mekensiz bolmysyn menzep bylay degen:

«Meken bergen, halyq qylghan Ol - Lә mәkan,

Týp iyesin kóksemey bola ma eken?

Jәne oghan qaytpaqsyng Ony oilamay,

Basqa maqsat aqylgha tola ma eken?!».

Abay atamyzdyng osy sózine mәdeny antropologiyalyq taldau jasar bolsaq, Abaydyng «La Makan» mekeni joq, mekensiz, - degen sózdi qoldanu Imam Matrudy aqidasyn jaqsy mengergendigin kórsetedi. Qazirgi kezde әlemdegi sýnnit músylmandardyng jartysynan kóbi (shamamen 53%) Hanafy mazhabyn ústanady.

Abay ólenning ekinshi jolynda Allany kókseu turaly aitady. Kókseuding maghynasy mahabbat, ghashyqtyq, sýng. Ózine meken bergen, halyq qylghan, yaghni, jaratqan IYendi sýiip, barsha әreketindi sol ýshin atqarmay, «Jәne oghan qaytpaqsyng ony oilamay», - deydi. Oilau - Allany eske alyp, zikir etu. Múnysyz «Ózge maqsat aqylgha tola ma eken», - dep, Abay atamyz ózine deyingi ómir sýrgen islam ghalymdarynyng jolyn ústanghanyn bizge bayqatady. Islam ghylymdarynyng eng bir qiyn da, kýrdeli salasy kәlәm, aqidagha jatatyn mәseleni Hәkim Abaydyng ólenge qosyp jyrlauy, sol kezendegi qazaq halqynyng diny sauattylyghynyng edәuir joghary dәrejede bolghanyna dәlel etedi. Múnyng qazaq halqy islam dinindegi túrmystyq qaghidattardy ústanu ghana emes, aqidadaghy kýrdeli mәselelerdi dúrys týsinu talabynan tuyndaghany anyqtalady. Abay adam balasynyng búl faniydegi orny, tirshilik mәni men maqsaty turaly pәlsapalyq týsinikterin, oilaryn «Ghakliyada» jan-jaqty damytty. Ómir, dýniye-tirshilik, qogham men adam, adam men biylik, adam men Alla arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastar, jaratushy zandary turaly ghúlamanyng pikiri, tújyrymdary aqiqatqa negizdelgendikten, әr kez qajet tújyrymdar bolyp qala bermek degen oidamyz.

Osynday filosofiyalyq mәni terenge boylaghan qariyalardyng bata mәtine ýnilsek:

«Áueli Qúday jarylqasyn, Payghambardyng bereketin bersin.

Ábubәkir Sydyqtyng salauatyn bersin. Ádil Omardyng aibatyn bersin,

Ázireti Ospannyng úyatyn bersin, Ázireti Álining quatyn bersin,

Ibrahim payghambardyng malyn bersin, Ákim Úlyqmannyng jasyn bersin,

Ákim Sýleymenning taqytyn bersin, Eskendir Zúlqarnayynnyng baqytyn bersin, Atymtay jomarttyng danqyn bersin, Dәuit payghambarday otyz úl bersin», - deegen halyq dýniyetanymynyng maghynaly sóz órnegi, tilegining kórinisi ispetti. Osy batada aty atalghan adamdar islam tarihynan óte manyzdy oryn alady. Múhamed payghambardyng (s.gh.s.) sahabalary Ábubәkirding (r.a.) óte shynshyl bolghandyghynan qauymy ony «Syddyq» yaghni, asa shynshyl, Omardyng (r.a.) taysalmay aqiqattan zәlimdikti ajyratqandyghy ýshin «aybaty» dep ataghanyn, Ospannan (r.a.)  perishtelerding ózderi úyalatyn bolghandyghyn, Álige (r.a.) Alla erekshe kýsh-quat bergeni islam tarihynan mәlim. Al, Úlyqmannyng payghambar emes, kóp jasaghan hakim bolghanyn islam tarihyn kóp zertegen adam ghana biletinin atap ótu qajet. Demek, qazaq halqy islam mәdeniyetinen qúndy oryn alatyn mәlimetterdi bata arqyly auyz eki nasihattap otyrghany bayqalady.

Qazaq әdebiyetinin, islamdanghan mәdeniyetting kórnekti ókili - Búhar jyrau shygharmashylyghyna keler bolsaq:

«Ey, aitshy, Allany ait, Aty jaqsy Qúdaydy ait. Tórt shariyar Mústafa

Músqap ashqan ghalamdy ait. Tәnirim sózi búrqandy ait.

Kәlim Alla Qúrandy ait, Tәnirim salsa auzyna,  Jan joldasyng imandy ait nemese  «Birinshi tilek tileniz, Bir Allagha jazbasqa...

Besinshi tilek tileniz, Bes uaqytta bes namaz, Bireui qaza bolmasqa» dey kele,

«Qúdaydy bilmes binamaz», «Sabany әkel ordagha, Qúran oqyt moldagha», «Tanerteng azan shaqyrghan dauysy súlu mollany ait», «Qarsy bolma Allagha» degen tolghaularyndaghy sóz tirkesteri jyraudyng imandylyghyn, kemel ghalymdyghyn, sonymen qatar, qazaq aqyn-jyraular shygharmashylyghynyng sharighatqa degen erekshe qúrmetin tanytady.

Kenestik dәuirde qazaq halqynyng aghartushysy Ybyray Altynsarinning halqymyzdyng dýniyetanymyndaghy senimge negizdelgen, myqty ruhty jyrlaghan tamasha jyr shumaqtarynda qazaq balasyn bilim-ghylymgha shaqyrghan nasihaty búrmalanyp, basqasha aitylyp kelgeni de ras.

Bir Qúdaygha syiynyp, Kel, balalar, oqylyq,

Oqyghandy kónilge yqylaspen toqylyq!

Isting bolar qayyry, Bastasanyz Allalap,

Oqymaghan jýredi, Qaranghyny qarmalap.

1858-1931 jyldar aralyghynda ómir sýrgen talantty aqyn Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly da Allany tanugha shaqyrady. «Mal jimaq» óleninde Allanyng aldynda taza niyetti adamdardyng orny turaly sóz tolghaydy. Mysaly:

Maqtan ýshin mal jima, jan ýshin jiy,

Qazaqqa kóz sýzbesting qamy ýshin jiy.

Aryng satpa, tering sat, adaldy izde,

Ghibadat pen adaldyq, ar ýshin jiy.

Erinbesteng enbekke, dәulet dayyn,

Jaratqan joq jatsyn dep bir Qúdayyn, - degen óleni arqyly maqtanshaqtyq siyaqty islamgha jat qasiytetterden qazaq bolmysynyng aulaq boluyn kóksegen.

Aghymdardyng maqsaty - islam atyna qara kýie jaghu

Islam dini jәne músylmandar basynan bastap әr týrli ziyandy is-sharalar men aghymdargha kez boldy. Búlardyng bir bóligi tikeley islamgha baghyttalsa, bir bóligi músylman qauymdy kózdedi. Sonday-aq, islam dinine, músylmandargha qarsy shabuyldar jýrgizildi jәne solardyng nәtiyjesinde payda bolghan aghymdar keyde jeke adamdargha baghytttalyp, ótpeli bolsa, keyde úiymdyq qoghamdyq sipatta boldy. Alayda barlyghynyng ortaq maqsaty -  islam núryna kedergi jasau,  islam jaryghynyng adamzatqa týsuine qarsy bolu, Músylman qauymynyng birligi men tútastyghyn oisyratyp, damyp jetiluine kedergi jasau boldy.

Islamgha jәne músylmandargha qarsy kýres jýrgizgender kóptegen әdister qoldandy jәne әr týrli mәselelerdi qarastyrdy. Aldymen Qúran uahiyin joqqa shyghardy jәne Onyng Allanyng sózi emestigin, Múhammed tarapynan oidan shygharylghandyghyn aitty. Sondyqtan, islam  payghambarynyng ótirikshi, siqyrshy, kóripkel, aqyn boluy mýmkin emestigin aitty. Sonday-aq, ony ata dinine, pútqa tabynushylyqqa, әleumettik, ekonomikalyq jәne basshylyq jýiege qarsy shyqqan kóterilisshi nemese baybalamshy retinde kóruge jәne kórsetuge tyrysty. Qúran Kәrim bizge bir jaghynan búl ótirik sózder men jalalar turaly mәselelerding basyn ashyp berse, bir jaghynan arandatular men teris sózderge jauap berdi. Qúrannyng Alla kitaby, Múhammedke de uahy etkendigin, shyndyqty ýiretkendigin aitty .

Múhamed payghambar (s.gh.s.) kezeninde jәne Rashid (әdil) halifalar dәuirining basynda eldegi aimaqtar arasy ýstemdik, sayasiy-әkimshilik ýstemdik kýresteri, Hijaz, Siriya, Irak, IYemen jәne sol siyaqty aimaqtarda bayqalghan әleumettik-ekonomikalyq problemalardyn, islamgha qarsy kýshterding úiymdastyrghan ashyq jәne jasyryn is-әreketterining nәtiyjesinde músylmandyq qoghamda harijidter, shiitter, mutalizitter dep atalatyn sayasi, mәdeny antropologiyalyq toptar nemese «mazhabtar» payda boldy. Búl mazhabtar osy kýnge deyin óz is-әreketterin jýrgizip kelgen, biraq әrdayym bólinudin, fanatizm men ekstremistik әreketterding jemi bolyp keldi. Songhy jýz jyldyqtarda әr týrli músylman elderde nemese memleketterde payda bolghan sayasi, әleumettik, mәdeny jәne filosofiyalyq toptar, úiymdar men mektepterdin, terroristik jәne anarhistik oqighalardyn, radikal jәne ekstremistik kauymdardyng qaynar kózi de mine osylar boldy. Batyniy-shiy karmatiylik, kerramiylik, sabbahiylik, nusauriyelik, ismailiylik, babizm-bahaizm, vahabiylik, hizbuttahrir siyaqty sayasi, diny jәne filosofiyalyq toptar, Shiiy-Buhyvy jәne Fatimy memleketteri kórsetilgen sipattaghy formasiyalargha mysal bola alady.

Islamdy, Qúrandy jәne Sýnnetti qorghap, búlardy әri qaray jalghastyrudy negizgi mindeti dep biletin Áhly sýnnet uәl-jamaghattyng birligi men tútastyghyn búzudy, dinamikalaryn әlsiretudi kózdegen búl sayasi, iydeologiyalyq, mәdeny antropologiyalyq aghymdargha, missioner ortalargha qarsy keshegi kýngidey býgingi tanda da qarsy túrmau mýmkin emes.

Egemendi elding demokratiyalyq baghytta damuy respublika halqyn emin-erkin óz ana tilinde sóilep, ata-baba ústanghan dinde Jaratushysyna qúlshylyq etuge, sóitip últtyq, halyqtyq erekshelikterine bet búruyna mol mýmkinshilikter berdi.

Solardyng qatarynda joghaltqanymen qayta qauyshqan músylmandar endigi jerde islam dinin ómir sýru saltyna engizip, kýndelikti tirshiligin baylanystyrudy maqsat etip, meshitterge kele bastady. Alghashqy diny bilimderin meshit ústazdary men imamdarynan alghandar qúlshylyq-ghibadaty men diny ústanymdarynda auytqushylyqqa jol bermedi. Dese de solardyng ishinde keybireuleri taghatsyzdyq tanytyp, birden tereng biluge úmtylyp, ózdiginen izdenumen boldy. Olar der kezinde bilgir ústazdardy tappay, qoldaryna ilikken diny kitaptardy oqyp, bilimderin tolyqtyrdy. Sóitip jýrip olar meshit jamaghaty qúlshylyq-ghibadaty, diny ilimderi men oqyghan kitaptary arasynda alshaqtyq baryn da bayqady. Biraq ondaylar ózderining bilim dengeyi dәrejesinen dindegi mәselelerdi ornymen týsine almady. Sonda da ózdiginshe salmaqtap, jauabyn tabugha tyrysty. Dindi azdy-kópti biletinderge jýgindi. Internetten izdep, onda bar maghúlmatty mýmkindiginshe sinirdi. Dәl sol kezende jón siltep, aqyl qosatyn dindarlarda joqtyng qasy boldy. Meshittegi imamdardyng basym kópshiligi bastauysh diny bilimmen júmys istedi. Olar negizinen kórshi Ózbekstan diny oqu oryndarynyng týlekteri edi. 90-jyldar emes, jana ghasyr basynda da jaghday ózgere qoymady. Ol jóninde Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasynyng basshylyghyna endi kelgen Ábsattar qajy Derbisәli bylay degen bolatyn: «Al endi býgingi kýnning shyndyghyna keletin bolsaq, kóptegen audandar men auyldardyng әlgi eki jyldyq kursty bitirgen imamdargha da qoly jetpey otyrghan jaghdayy bar». Sonymen qatar elimizdegi diny ahualdyng damuyna tiyisti diny oqulyq, kitaptardyng tapshylyghy da óz әserin tiygizbey qoymady.

Diny tónkeris pen qantógisting zardabyn qara halyq kóredi

Túrghylyqty músylmandardyng dinine bet búryp, meshitterge kele bastauy tysqary elderding de nazarynan tys qalmady. Elimizge Saud Araviyasy, Ýrdin, Birikken Arab Ámirligi siyaqty arab elderi men alys-jaqyn Pәkistan, Týrkiya elderinen resmi, beyresmy ústazdar men diny uaghyzshylar kelip, bilimge qúshtarlar qarapayym halyqty, onyng ishinde jastardy jandaryna tartyp, ýiretudi qolgha aldy. Olar alghashynda qoshemet pen qúrmetke ie bolyp, júmystaryn emin-erkin jýrgizdi. Ári olardyng ne oqytyp jatqanyn tekseru de mýmkin bolmady. Osydan da bolsa kerek olardyng arasynda keybiri jergilikti jer ereksheligi men ústanymyn eskeruge mәn bermedi, tipti qajet dep oilamady. Endi bireuleri ózderining maqsattaryna say oqytumen boldy. Olardyng barlyghy Qúran men hadisti tilge tiyek etip sóilegendikten diny bilim alushylar ýshin ústaz retinde qabyldandy.

Dәl osy jaghday Kenester Odaghynyng búghauynan bosaghan ózge tәuelsiz elder tirshiliginde de kórinis tapty. Olardyng keybiruinde islamdy halyqty biriktirudegi basty kýsh dep bilip, jekelenuding basty tuyna ainalyp, diny tózimdilikten shyghugha jol berdi. Múnday jaghday 90-jyldardyng basynda Tәjikstanda kórinis berse, keyin Resey men Ózbekstanda oryn aldy. Ayaghy qantógiske úlasyp, qanshama jazyqsyz adamdardy qayghy-qasyretke úshyratty. Olardyng barlyghy, týptep kelgende, sayasy maqsatty kózdegeni anyq. Biraq zardabyn qara halyq kórdi.

Diny jandanu prosesi Qazaqstanda da qarqyndy sipat alyp, kókeykesti mәselelerding birine ainaldy. Myna bir aghamyzdyng auzynan aitylghan sózder soghan kuә: «... әr týrli sektalar kelip jatyr. Keledi endi, kelme deuge bizde shama joq. Mening aitayyn degenim ol emes. Endi islamnyng atyn jamylghan, islamdy ózine shirkeu etip, zontik retinde paydalanyp qazaq topyraghynda búryn-sondy bolmaghan qaysybir aghymdar kelip jatyr».

Ózge dinderdi aitpaghan kýnning ózinde, islam dinining negizinde týrli aghymdar kóbeydi. Olardyng payda boluyna, aldymen respublikanyng ontýstik aimaqtarynda músylman elderi kómegimen ashylghan oqu oryndary: Shymkent qalasynda Qazaq-Kuveyt uniyversiyteti men Almaty qalasynda «Taiba» kolledji ýlken әser etti. Sonday-aq shet músylman elderinen kelgen týrli pighyldary missionerler men Saud Arabiyasy, Livan, Siriya, Mysyr jәne Pәkstan elshilikterining óz elderindegi diny oqu oryndaryna tikeley týrde shәkirt jiberuleri de zor әser etti.

Osylardyng negizinde respublika músylmandary ózderining dәstýrli diny ústanymy - Hanafy mәzhabynan basqa sәlәfiyler, uahhabshylar, hizbshiler, ahmadiya, tabliyghshylar jәne keyin qúranshylar dep bólingenin bilmey de qaldy. Olargha qosa «ismatullashylar», «Alla-ayat», «Ata joly», «Aqqular», «Súnqarlar» toby qosylyp, din jolyn ózderinshe dәriptep, qúlshylyqtaryn óteushiler de payda boldy. Dәstýrli diny joldan tayghandar óz ústamdaryn dәriptep qana qoymay, jergilikti hanafy mәzhabyndaghylardy jazghyryp, olardyng diny senimi men ústanymyna qúlshylyq-ghibatanyna kýmәn keltirip kinәlәugha jol berdi.

Olar Alla taghalanyng músylman ýmmetine: «Ey, iman keltirgender! Allagha, payghambargha jәne óz aralaryndaghy basshylaryna boy úsynyndar. Eger ózara bir nәrsege kelise almasandar, onyng jayyn Alladan, payghambardan súrandar. Allagha, qiyamet kýnine senetindering ras bolsa, búl sender ýshin qayyrly әri tiyimdi» [11, «Nisa» sýresi, 59-ayat], degen eskertuin qaperlerine de almady.

Sharighattyng negizgi mәseleleri Qúran men hadiste qamtylghan dese, onday aghymdardy jaqtaushylar haziret Múhammed payghambardyng (s.a.u.) islam qauymyna: «Men senderge eki nәrseni qaldyryp baramyn. Eger olardy bekem ústap, amal etsender, eshqashan adaspaysyndar. Olar -  Allanyng kitaby (Qúran Kәrim) jәne Alla Elshisining Sýnneti» degen ósiyetin ústanbady.

Qazaq qashanghy uahabshylardyng býligin kóteredi?

Aghymdar ishinde әsirese «Uahhabshylar», «Hizb-ut-tahriyr», «әt-Takfir uәl-hijra», «Ahmadiya» siyaqtylardyng ilimderi diniy-sayasy ekstremizm men fanatizmdi jandandyryp, elimizding túraqtylyghy men birligine, qauipsizdigine tikeley qauip tóndirdi.

Diny keri aghymdardyng ziyandylyghy men әreketteri jayyna QR Preziydenti N.Á.Nazarbaev «Syndarly on jyl» degen kitabynda erekshe toqtaldy: «Diny qauymnyng belgili bir bóligi diny tózimsizdik iydeyasyn tu etetin sheteldegi islam ortalyqtary missionerlerining yqpalyna iligedi. Múnday ahual bizding elding ontýstik ónirinde airyqsha bayqalyp otyr. Mәselen, Ontýstik Qazaqstan jәne Jambyl oblystarynyng aimaqtarynda astyrtyn úiym qúrghan sheteldik «Tablighy Jamaghat» radikaldy qozghalysynyng ýgit-nasihat әreketteri anyqtalghan. Sonday-aq «Hizb-ut-tahriyr» úiymy da belsendilik tanytyp otyr».

QDMB-nyng apparat basshysy Baltabay Mekejenovtyng aituynsha, uahhabshylar diny ghúlamalardy dәripteuge, olardyng jәne ata-baba әruaqtarynyng basyna baryp, dúgha baghyshtaudy, bal ashudy, túmar taghudy jәne t.b. kýnә dep aiyptaydy. Olar ýshin «diny senimge janalyq engizgender» - kәpirler. Sopylyq ta olar ýshin kәpirler qataryna kiredi. Uahhabshylar bir qúdayshylyqtan sәl auytqyghan músylmandy takfirge, yaghny kәpirge shygharylady.

Uahhaby ilimi kóptegen ghalymdardyng oiynsha, ózinen tórt ghasyr búryn taraghan Ahmad ibn Taymiya (1263-1328j.) ilimining jalghasy. Ol Taymiyanyng kim de kim sharighatty bilmey tek «Alla bireu, Múhammed onyng Elshisi» dep aitumen shektelse, ol músylman bola almaydy degen pikirin quattaydy. Sonday-aq, Taymiya dýniyeden ótkenderge ziyarat salugha, payghambarlar men әuliyeler basyna baryp dúgha baghyshtaugha qarsy shyghyp, ózin sәlәftardyng jolyn jalghastyrushylar qataryna jatqyzghan. Onyng ilimin jalghastyrushylar sәlәfiyler dep ataldy.

Jalpy «sәlәf» sózining maghanasy «aldynghy ótkender», «búrynghylar» degendi bildiredi. Al «sәlәfi» úghymy músylman ghúlamalar pikirinshe, paghambarymyz Múhammedti (s.a.u.) kózi kórgender (sahabalar), kózi kórgenderdi kórgender (tabighinder) әri tabighinderdi kórgenderge (tabaa tabighinder) qoldanyldy».

Sәlәfiyler músylmandardy Allanyng birligine shaqyru, islam dinine keyin engen húrafat-bidaat amaldarynan tazalap, dinimizdi Payghambarymyz (s.a.u.) zamanynyndaghy qalypqa keltiru, arab әlemin biriktiruge sayady. Bizding elimizde ol ilimning damuy «uahhabiylik» degen atpen belgili boldy. Ony ústanushylar sonshalyqty diny ilimderi bolmasa da, ózderi kiyim kii ýlgisi men qúlshylyq ghibadattaghy ózgesheliktermen, ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan dәstýrimizdi tolyq moyyndamauymen erekshelenedi.

Uahhabiylik bizding imam Aghzam mәzhaby talap-tilekteri men ústanymyn ghana emes, ózge mәzhabtardy da moyyndamaydy. Sondyqtan da ony qoldanghandar tek músylmandar arasynda ghana emes, jalpy qogham arasynda iritki salu, dau-janjal shygharugha beyim. Al búl endi damu baghytymyzdy anyqtap alghan bizding elimiz, diny senimimiz ýshin ziyandy ekeni anyq.

Sәlәfiyler iydeyasynan bastau alatyn «әt-Takfir uәl-hijra» ilimi boyynsha ózderining pikirin almay, jamaghatyna qosylmaghandar - kәpir. Olardyng oiynsha, kim de kim imamdardyng nemese sahabalardyng sózin dәlel retinde qoldansa, qiyas, maslahat әl-mursala, istihsan jәne basqa dәlelder, qújattarmen mәsele sheshilse, ol - mýshrik әri kәpir. Osylaysha músylmandar arasynda yntymaq pen birlikti búzyp, iritki salushy aghymdy ziyandy dep bilgen jón.

«Ahmadiya» nemese «Qadiyani» aghymyna keletin bolsaq, ol músylmandar arasynda jik salushy nemese islamgha qarsy músylman toby bolyp sanalmaydy. Olar Qúran Kәrimdi óz qasiyetine tәn syilap qúrmettemeydi. Óz kósemderi Myrza Ghúlam Ahmadqa týsken kitap bar, sony ózderine qúran dep esepteydi.

Ahmadiylik islam әleminde ýlken qarsylyqqa úshyrady. Qazaqstan músylmandary diny basqarmasy da býkil músylman elder qauymymen birge otyra, osy qauymnyng kәpir ekendigine baylanysty pәtuә berdi.

Diny ekstremizm iydeyasyn ashyq dәriteushi úiymynyng biri - «Hizb-ut-tahriyr». Olardyng basty talaby - halifat qúru. Býkil iydeyasyn osy maqsatqa júmyldyrylghan. Sondyqtan olar memlekettik shekarany moyyndamaydy. Olardyng oiynsha, barlyq músylmandar bir halifa qúru kerek. Osy maqsatqa jetu ýshin dindi perde etip alghan «Hizb-ut-tahrirdi» sayasy úiymdar qataryna jatqyzghan dúrys.

Mysyrlyq zertteushi Múhammed Ábu Zehranyng aituyna qaraghanda, uahabshylar ibn Taymiyanyng ilimine eshqanday da janalyq engizbegen. Biraq, olar ibn Taymiyanyng ústanymyn odan ary  qatal  damytyp, óz pikirlerin tәjiriybede iske asyru ýshin keybir jana kózqaras pen tәsilder paydalandy.

Qasiyetti Mekke kalasynyng muftii As-Said Ahmad bin Zayny Dahlan (r.a.) ózinin «Ál-futuhatul islamiya» kitabynyng «Fitnatul uahhabiya» («Uahhabiyler býligi») atty tarauynda olardyng týsinikteri men iydeyalarynyng jalghandyghyn jәne olardyng músylmandargha kórsetken zorlyq-zombylyqtaryn әshkerelep jazdy. Býl kitap 1968 jyly Kairde, 1975 jyly Stambulda jaryq kórdi.

Uahabshylardy qalay tanimyz?

Uahabshylardyng janalyqtaryna toqtalar bolsaq:

a) Uahabshylar  Qúran men sýnnetting belgilegen jәne ibn Taymiyanyng ústanghan senim týsinigimen shektelip qalmay, ózderining ýrdisterin barsha músylmandargha mindet retinde jýktedi. Olar temeki tartudy haram dep, ony tartqan ózge músylmandargha jaqtyrmay qaraytyn. Olar, osy túrghyda kýnә jasaushyny kәpir dep biletin harajitterge úqsaytyn edi.

ә) Uahabshylar  әuelgide kofe jәne osyghan úqsas susyndardy ishudi  de haram dep bildi. Biraq, keyin búl mәselelerde biraz júmsardy.

b)  Olar  óz pikirlerin tek beybit týrde nasihattaghan joq, qajet kezinde kýsh júmsaugha deyin bardy. Ózderin qoldamaghandardy dúshpan sanap, beyne bidaghat (dinge janalyq qosushylar) jasaushylarmen kýreskendey bolatyn. Olar ózderining búl әreketin Qúran men sýnnetting «әmr bil maghruf, nahy aniyl-mýnkar» (jaqsylyqqa shaqyryp, jamandyqtan tii) búiryghyn jýzege asyru dep týsindirdi. Ásili, olardyng pikirin qylyshtyng jýzimen jýzege asyrghan Múhammed ibn Saud bolatyn. Ol Múhammed ibn Abduluahabtyng jezdesi edi. Múhammed ibn Saud ózining qatal әreketin «sýnnetti tiriltip, bidaghatty óltiru» dep úqtyrdy. Keybir, zertteushilerding pikirinshe Múhammed ibn Saud Osman biyligine qarsy túru ýshin uahabshy pikirining jaqtaushysy bolghan. Osman biyligi uahabshylar qozghalysyn basu ýshin birneshe ret әskery joryqtar úiymdastyrdy. Nәtiyjesinde Mehmet Aly pashanyng jazalaushy әskeri olargha kýirete soqqy berdi. Osmandyqtardan jeniliske úshyraghan uahabshylar  óz pikirlerin ózgelerge kýshtep tanugha mýmkindikteri azaydy.  Búdan song olardyng pikirin tek Riyad tóniregindegi júrtshylyq ghana qoldady.

g)  Olar qala men qystaqtardaghy kesenelerge músylmandardyng ziyarat etuin Allagha serik qosushylyq dep qabyldap, olardyng barlyghyn qiratady. Búl әreketterining sharighatqa qayshy emestigine Payghambarymyzdyng (s.a.u.): «Iahudiylerding óz payghambarlarynyng qabirlerining janyna meshit túrghyzuyn qosh kórmegen»,- degen sýnnetin dәlel retinde algha tartty.

d) Uahabshylar jәy kesenelerdi ghana emes, Nәjit aimaghyndaghy býkil sahabalardyng kesenelerin de qiratty. Búdan keyin mazarlardyng ornynda tek búl jer qabirstan degen belgi ghana qaldy.

f)  Olar Allagha serik qosushylyqty joqqa shyghara otyryp, úsaq-týiek nәrselerge deyin qatty mәn berdi. Aytalyq, suretke týsuge  qarsy shyghatyn.

e)  Uahabshylar ókilderining bidaghat jasaushylyqqa qarsy túrghandyghy sonshalyq, Payghambarymyzdyng (s.a.u.) qabirining ýstine janadan jabu jabudy da bidaghat dep bildi. Osy sebepten Payghambarymyzdyng (s.a.u.) qabirining ýstine jabylghan jabudyng әbden tozyghy jetken bolatyn. Keyin, koról Abdulaziz әl-Saud búghan qarsy shyghyp Payghambarymyzdyng (s.a.u.) qabirine janadan jabu japty. Ózderine «salafiya» degen at bergen olar ibn Taymiyanyng pikirlerin berik ústanyp, bidaghat úghymynyng ayasyn tym keneyte týsti. Ghibadatqa esh qatysy joq keybir is-әreketterdi de bidaghatqa jatqyzdy. Jogharyda aityp ótken Payghambarymyzdyng (s.a.u.) qabirining ýstine jabu jabudyng ghibadatqa eshqanday da qatysy joq. Ol tek Alla Elshisining (s.a.u.) qabirining kózge súryqsyz kórinbesi ýshin jasalghan. Eger, múnday estetikanyng barlyghyn bidaghat deytin bolsaq, músylmandardyng basqalardan kóp artta qalatynyn sózsiz. Olar  óz pikirlerin  ghana aqiqat sanap, ózgelerdikin  teriske shyghardy. Kesenege ziyarat etudi Allagha serik qosushylyq dep týsinedi. Yaghni, uahabshylar adamdardyng jeke túlghagha degen qúrmet kórsetui men Allagha tabynushylyqtyng ara-jigin ajyratyp jatpaydy.

Professor Sabry Hizmetliyding aituyna qaraghanda, Múhammed  ibn Saud pen Múhammed ibn Abduluahab Deriyde «Kitabut-Tәuhiyd» degen kitaptaryn halyqqa taratyp, músylmandardy Allagha serik qospaugha shaqyrdy. Búl ekeui uahabshylar senimin qoldamaghandargha qylysh júmsaugha pәtuә beredi.

Olar әuliyelerding (Allanyng dostaryn) shapaghat etetindigin qabyldamaydy. Allapen adamdardyng arasyndaghy baylanys qúraly «tәuassul» týsinigin teriske shygharyp, Allagha jaqyndau ýshin elshilerdi kópir etudi «tauhid senimine qayshy» dep, búl senimdi Allagha serik qosushylyq dep úqty.

Hijaz ólkesining tórt mazhab ghalymy, olardyng arasynda Ibn Abdul-Uahhabtyng tughan inisi Sýleymen, әkesi jәne Ibn Abdul-Uahhabtyng ústazdary bar, onyng kitaptaryn zerttep, islam dinin búzugha baghyttalghan jalghan pikirlerine qarsy jauap jazady. Sýleymen bin Abdul-Uahhab ózining aghasyna jauap retinde «Saua'iqul-ilahiya fy raddy 'alal uahhabiya» atty kitap  jazady. Býl kitap 1975 jyly Stambulda basylyp shyqqan.

Biraq әhliy-sýnnet ghalymdarynyng jazghan jauaptary olardy teris joldan qaytara almady. Kerisinshe, olar mýsylmandargha qarsy dýshpandyqtaryn kýsheyte týsti.

Ol «jihad» pen búl «jihadty» shatastyrmayyq...

«Jihad» sózining úghymy óte auqymdy, әri búl sózdi arab tilinen qazaqshagha audarghanda belgili bir maqsatqa qol jetkizuge tyrysu, sol jolda kýresu, bar qajyr-qayratymen, ynta-jigerimen eng qymbat sanalatyn uaqytyn, dәuletin, tipti janyn da sol maqsatqa jetuge arnau jayynda dep aitylyp ta jazylyp ta jýr. Negizinde múnday týsinik «Jihad» sózine tildik túrghydan qaraghanda qalyptasqan. Al endi búl sózdi Islam dinimen baylanystyryp diny senim-nanym túrghysynan qaraytyn bolsaq, onda «Jihad» degenimiz adamzat balasynyng Jaratushy Haq Taghalany dúrys tanyp-biluine, Onyng búiyrghandary men tyiymdaryn oryndauda, dindi erkin týrde tolyq ústanugha mýmkinshilik tudyrugha kedergi bolatyn tosqauyldardy barynsha, әri mýmkindiginshe joi. Osy kedergilerdi joi jolynda әrbir músylman aqyl-sanamen, denemen, mal-mýlkimen óz ýlesin qosugha mindettelu degendi bildiredi .

«Jihad» sózi músylmandardyng qasiyetti kitaby Qúran Kәrimde otyz bes ret әr sýrede әr týrli maghynada aitylady. Osy ayattardyng tórteui ghana kópshilikke ýrey salatyn qolgha qaru-jaraq alyp din dúshpandaryna qarsy tikeley soghysu maghynasynda kelgen. Al qalghan ayattarda basqa maghynalarda qoldanylghan. Ghúlamalar jihadty jalpy eki jolmen qarastyrady. Birinshisi - maydandaghy jihad. Ol shayqaspen, qolmen, tilmen, jýrekpen iske asady. Ekinshisi - beybitshilikte adam óz nәpsisi jәne shaytanymen kýresu.

Biraq jeke túlgha nemese jeke túlghalardan qúralghan top «jihad» dep jariyalay almaydy. Ony tek qana memleket jәne onyng basshysy jariyalaydy.

Sonday-aq, sauatsyzdyq, әlsizdik, әleumettik jaghdaydyng tómendigi, erik-oygha, sanagha jasalghan shekteuler siyaqty jaratushy men adamnyng arasyndaghy bógetterdi jong ýshin jasalatyn barlyq is-sharagha da «jihad» delinedi.

Músylman adam nәpsisinin, shaytannyng aldauyna, jeteginde jýrmeydi. Nәpsisining azghyndaghan uaqytynda Allataghalagha qúlshylyghyn úmytpay, ghibadatqa jaqyn bolady. Nәpsisining azghyruyna qarsy tótep beru ýshin Alla Taghalany kóp zikir etip, Qúran Kәrimning mәn maghynasyn týsinetindey kóp oqyp, әrdayym Alla taghalagha dúgha etedi. Nәpsi men shaytannyng azghyruynan mýlde qútyla alady dep aita almaymyz, degenmen, búl sharighy ýkimder adam boyyna sinip tura joldan adaspaydy degen ýmittemiz. Izgi amaldar nәpsi men shaytannyng adamgha degen yqpalyn joghaltugha kómekshi qúral bola alady. Qúran Kәrim ayattarynda: «Al olar qashan arsyzdyq istese ne ózderine zúlymdyq jasasa, Allany esterine alyp, kýnәlarynyng jarylqanuyn tileydi. Kýnәlardy Alladan basqa kim jarylqaydy. Sonday-aq olar istegen isterine bile túra qasaryspaydy», «Taqualargha shaytan tarapynan bir sybys tiyse, olar Allany eske alady da qyraghylyq isteydi». «Álde kim Rahmandy eske aludan kóz júmsa, oghan shaytandy erikti qylamyz da sonda ol, onyng joldasy bolady» dep baghalaghan. Nәpsining azghyruynan Alla taghalany eske alyp, Odan keshirim tilep, qorghan izdep panalaydy. Payghambarymyz (s.a.u.)  ben sahabalardyng bekem ústanghan әdisteri osylay bolghan. Búl әdis joldar óz kezeginde olardyng Alla taghala rizalyghyna jetuine sebepshi bolghan.

Al eger músylmandar ózderin ózderi týzetpegen jaghdayda, dýniyening týpkir-týpkirindegi músylmandardyng hal-ahualy kýn ótken sayyn nasharlap, qazirgidey ayanyshty jaghdaygha týse bermek. Mine sondyqtan әrbir músylman eng aldymen syrtqy emes, ishki óz boyyndaghy kemshilikterimen kýrespese, istegen is-әreketting barlyghy derlik nәtiyjesiz bola bermek.

«Daudyng basy «dýbәrә din»

Býgingi tanda dinimizding jaulary islamgha jәne músylmandargha óz kesirlerin tiygizip, músylmandardy  islamnan alystatatyp, kónilderin suytu әreketterin uaqyt ótkizbesten jýzege asyruda óz kýshterin salyp baghuda. Múnyng bәri músylmandardy bir-birine aidap salu, diny toptargha bólip ishtey iritki salyp, eldegi ishki tatulyqty búzu, jas úrpaqty ózderine tartu, aralarynda úrys-tartys shygharu joldarmen iske asatyny aitpasa da belgili.

Qazirgi jahandanu zamanynda músylmandardyng senim-nanymyna, ústanghan dinine, payghambaryna til tiygizu, balaghattaular men jala jabu batystyq BAQ betinde jiyiley týskeni jasyryn emes. Bizding aitpaq oiymyz qay elde bolmasyn músylmandar diplomatiyalyq jolmen senim-nanymyn, dinin, Payghambaryn qorghaugha mindetti.

Adamnyng jan-dýniyesi Alla taghalagha qúlshylyq etu niyetinen alys túrsa, onda aqyldyng jalghyz ózi logikalyq prinsipterdi moyyndaghany jetkiliksiz bolady. Sondyqtan eng aldymen  islam dini jayly ýgit-nasihatty músylmandardyng óz arasynda jýrgizu qajet. Ózderining ómirin dúrys jolgha týsirip, islamnyng shynayylyghyn tereng týsinip, onyng tәlim-tәrbiyesin boylaryna sindirgen adam ghana basqa kisilerge naghyz  islamdy tanystyryp, olardyng dinge bet búruyna әserin tiygizeri  sózsiz. Ózin  islam dinining nasihattaushysy retinde sanaghan әrbir músylman jýregin meyirim men rahymdylyqqa toltyryp, jýregindegi tәkapparlyq pen ózimshildik qasiyetterden aryluy kerek. Elding yntymaghy men birligine, halyqtar dostyghyna, ózara týsinistigi men tatulyghyna syzat týsirmeui qajet. Búl óte manyzdy, hәm basty mәsele. Eger de múny oryndau qiyndyq tudyrsa, onda Alla taghalagha jaqyndau jolyn, taghat-qúlshylyqty dúrys ýiretetin  islam dinine qayta-qayta kóz jýgirtip, ony dúrys ýirenu qajet.

Kazirgi Qazaqstanda islam dinining damyghyp ornyghyp damuy birkelki emes. Áuelde asyl dinimizben qauyshugha asyqqan músylman jamaghaty endigi jerde diny senim negizinde dau-damaygha berilip, bir-birine qúlshylyq ghibadatyn joqqa shygharugha jol beruge deyin baruda. Búl óz kezeginde dinge endi betin búrghan jastardy, qúlshylyghyn bastaghan azamattardy eki úday, dýdәmal halde qaldyruda.

Osy rette elimizdegi halyqtardyng birligi men yntymaghyn, dostyghy men tatulyghyn saqtap, qolymyz jetken tәuelsizdikti bayandy etip, irgesin qymtau maqsatynda memleket birshama ong qadamdar jasady. Aldymen týrli dinder men diny úiymdardyng qyzmetin nazargha alyp belsendilikterin zanmen rettedi. Eng bastysy, Qazaqstan ózin mekendegen etnostardyng tili men diny senimine, mәdeniyetine qúrmet kórsetudi elimizding túraqtylyghynyng alghysharty dep bilip, konfessiya aralyq tózimdilik pen týsinistikti damytugha basa kónil bóldi. Ayqyn aighaq retinde Elbasymyzdyng ózi bas bolyp, jýieli týrde ótkizilip kele jatqan әlemdik dinder basshylarynyng sezin ataugha әbden bolady.

1. Islam dini aqyrghy din, barlyq dinderding kerek asyldaryn boyyna jinaghan din, adam balasynyng damu jolyndaghy ruhani, ghylymi, mәdeny jetilgen kezine arnalghan din. Payghambarymyz Múhammed rasul (s.a.u) Alla ózining bir hadiysinde: «kimde-kim ghylymdy sýise jәne ghylymdy sýise, jannatta ol mening kórshim bolady»,-degen.
2. Islam ghylymynyng ýsh tiregi bar. Olar: qúran ayattaryn ýirenu, payghambardyng hadisterin bilu, qiyyas joly, yaghny ólsheu, salystyru. Ol ýsheui birine-biri qayshy kelmey, sәikes bolsa ghana - shyndyq.
3. Islam dininde eshqanday kemshilik joq. Bar mәsele bizding ony dúrys týsinbeuimizde. Islam әlemining óz kemeline kelmey, kóshten kenje qalyp, toqyrauy dinge baylanysty emes, onyng sebebi - azghan aqyl, zeyinsiz jýrek, týisiksiz týsinikting saldarynan din men týiindi mәseleleri kóp qazirgi ómirimizding ózara ýilesimin tereng týsine almauda.
4. Islam dinindegi qazirgi órbip otyrghan sektalar mәselesining tarihyna jalpy mәdeny anropologiyalyq sipatyna jýginu arqyly, keleshek úrpaqty ol indetten qútqarudyng jolyn izdedik. Sebebi, naqty ghylymy tújyrymdalghan faktilerdi bilgen jastar imandylyq jolyn tabuda adaspaydy degen oidamyz.
5. Qazirgi tanda, jahandyq prosesterding etek alghan túsynda, adam taghy úmyt qalyp barady. Osyghan oray islam filosofiyasyna onyng әmbebaptyq qúndylyqtyq jýiesine degen súranys pen úmtylys beleng alyp otyr. Islamnyng tanqalarlyq ómirshendigi men mynjyldyqtaghy ruhany әlemge yqpalynyng óse týsuining sebebi islam poliysentrizm men demokratiyalylyqqa negizdelgen qazirgi dәuirding negizgi prinsipterine say keledi.
6. Islam, Shyghys pen Batystyn, din men ghylymnyng tiyimdi dialogyna, әriptestigine, birlese júmys isteuine ashyq, basqa diny senimder men mәdeniyet fenomenderimen ruhany qarym-qatynas әri mәdeniy-tarihy ózara yqpaldastyq jasaugha beyim. Islamgha tózimsizdik pen fanatizm pighyldary jat. Sol ýshin de ol jer sharynyng týkpir-týkpirindegi halyqtargha jetip, uaqyttyng qiynshylyghyna qaramastan, әli kýnge deyin ózining teologiyalyq tújyrymdamalarynyng biregeyligi men ózindik bolmysyn saqtap, óz túghyrlaryn ózgertken joq. Taza  islamdy betperde etip, týbinde jeke mýddeni kókseytinder jeteginde ketuden elimizdi aman-saqtauda diny sauattylyqty damytudyng manyzy zor.
7. Islam shyn mәninde adamnyng mýddesin qorghaydy. Sondyqtan adamzat mýddesin kózdeytin mәdeniyetti qabyldamauy mýmkin emes. Biz osynday syndarly kózqaras ústanu arqyly mәdeniyetimizding dúrys baghytta damuyna yqpal ete alamyz. Endeshe, óz ghasyrymyzdyng tynys-tirshiliginen de, onyng ozyq mәdeniyetinen de oqshaulanbay, múnyng bәri zandy qúbylys ekenin týisinip, qogham mýddesine say tústaryn qabyldap, dúrys is-әreket jasaghanymyz abzal.

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