Tәuelsizdik jyldary azamat­tyq qoghamnyng jәne naryqtyq ekonomikanyng qúryluymen ghana emes, sonday-aq diny serpilisting jýruimen de sipattalady: dәstýrli diny birlestikter ústanymdary­nyng kýshengimen birge qazirgi Qazaq­stan ýshin beymәlim, jana "dәs­týrli emes" diny úiymdar payda boldy.

Atap aitar bolsaq, presveteriandyq jәne metodizm, protestanttyq konfessiyalar, sonday-aq "Agape" "Jana aspan" siyaqty protestanttyq shirkeuler, "Bahai" "Saytan shirkeui", "Saen­tologiya shirkeui" siyaqty diny birlestikter kórine bastady.

Qazaqstandaghy qazirgi diny ahual kýrdeli әri san-salaly. Keybir derekter boyynsha, 1989 jylghy 1 qantarda 30 konfessiyagha tiyesili 700-ge juyq diny birles­tikter bolsa, 2003 jyldyng 1 qantarynda 3206 diny birlestikter júmys istegen. Olardyng arasynda 1652 islamdyq, sonyng ishinde 1642 sunittik, 2 shiittik, 2 sopylyq, 4 ahmadiya aghymdary bar. Búghan qosa Qazaqstannyng aumaghynda pravoslaviyelik shirkeuge jatatyn 241 diny birlestik (olardyng 230-y Orys pravoslavie shirkeuine qaraydy), 7 staroobryadtyq shir­keu, rimdik-katoliktik shirkeuining 77 birlestigi, birqatar protestant­tyq birlestik júmys isteydi. Qa­zirgi Qazaqstandaghy dәstýrli emes diny qauymdargha tómendegiler ene­di: 5 buddistik qauym, 24 iyn­duiys­tik, 12 krishnaittik, 23 ba­hai, 2 transsendentaldyq mediy­ta­siya qauymy, úly aq bauyr­las­tyqtyng 2 qauymy, 6 saentologiya shirkeui qauymy jәne t.b.

Tәuelsizdik jyldary azamat­tyq qoghamnyng jәne naryqtyq ekonomikanyng qúryluymen ghana emes, sonday-aq diny serpilisting jýruimen de sipattalady: dәstýrli diny birlestikter ústanymdary­nyng kýshengimen birge qazirgi Qazaq­stan ýshin beymәlim, jana "dәs­týrli emes" diny úiymdar payda boldy.

Atap aitar bolsaq, presveteriandyq jәne metodizm, protestanttyq konfessiyalar, sonday-aq "Agape" "Jana aspan" siyaqty protestanttyq shirkeuler, "Bahai" "Saytan shirkeui", "Saen­tologiya shirkeui" siyaqty diny birlestikter kórine bastady.

Qazaqstandaghy qazirgi diny ahual kýrdeli әri san-salaly. Keybir derekter boyynsha, 1989 jylghy 1 qantarda 30 konfessiyagha tiyesili 700-ge juyq diny birles­tikter bolsa, 2003 jyldyng 1 qantarynda 3206 diny birlestikter júmys istegen. Olardyng arasynda 1652 islamdyq, sonyng ishinde 1642 sunittik, 2 shiittik, 2 sopylyq, 4 ahmadiya aghymdary bar. Búghan qosa Qazaqstannyng aumaghynda pravoslaviyelik shirkeuge jatatyn 241 diny birlestik (olardyng 230-y Orys pravoslavie shirkeuine qaraydy), 7 staroobryadtyq shir­keu, rimdik-katoliktik shirkeuining 77 birlestigi, birqatar protestant­tyq birlestik júmys isteydi. Qa­zirgi Qazaqstandaghy dәstýrli emes diny qauymdargha tómendegiler ene­di: 5 buddistik qauym, 24 iyn­duiys­tik, 12 krishnaittik, 23 ba­hai, 2 transsendentaldyq mediy­ta­siya qauymy, úly aq bauyr­las­tyqtyng 2 qauymy, 6 saentologiya shirkeui qauymy jәne t.b.

Elimizding negizgi diny qauymy sunittik islam jәne hristian­dyqtyng pravoslaviyelik baghyt­tary. Elimizde 1700-ge juyq mú­syl­man birlestikteri bar. Onyng basym kópshiligi sunittik baghyt­taghy birlestikter. Orys pravo­sla­vie shirkeuining ýsh eparhiyasyna 214 prihod, 8 monastyr jәne basqa shirkeulik qúrylymdar tiyesili. Orys pravoslavie shirkeui prihodtar sanynyng ósuine jәne materialdyq túrghydan nyghaiyna kýsh-jigerin júmsauda. Elimizding birneshe qalasynda pravoslaviye­lik ghibathanalardyng qúrylysy jýrip jatyr.

Keyingi uaqytta katoliyk, pro­testanttyq jәne dәstýrli emes diny qúrylymdar óz qyzmetterin belsendi týrde jýrgizude. "IYegova kuәlary" birlestigining missio­nerlik qyzmeti erekshe qarqyn alu­da. "IYegovo kuәlary" Qazaq­stan­daghy sany jaghynan ósip kele jatqan konfessiya bolyp otyr. Onyng diny ortalyghy Esik qala­synda ornalasqan, 70-ten astam diny birlestikteri әdilet organ­darynda resmy tirkelgen jәne 30-dan asa jergilikti qauymdary bar, ony ústanatyn adamdar 20 myngha juyq.

1999 jyly diny birlestikter­ding qúqyqtary men mýddelerin qorghau maqsatymen Qazaqstannyng diny birlestikter qauymdastyghy qúryldy. Búl qauymdastyq 200-ge juyq diny birlestikterdi birik­tiredi.

Sonymen qatar elimizde pro­tes­tantizmning jana apostoldyq shirkeui, elushiler (pyatiydesyat­nichestvo), metodizm, mennonizm, presveterianstvo syndy aghym­dary taraluda. Pyatiydesyatnichestvo HH ghasyrdyng basynda AQSh-ta qúrylghan. Búl aghymnyng eng iri qauymdary Qaraghandy jәne Almaty qalalarynda ornalasqan. Apostoldar ruhyndaghy evangelshil hristiandar óz júmysyn belsendi jýrgizude. Qazirgi kezde 3 myngha juyq adamdy biriktiretin 40-qa juyq qauymdar bar. Presvete­riandyq aghymy elimizde ameriy­kalyq, koreylik uaghyzdaushy­lardyng missionerlik qyzmeti nәtiyjesinde taralyp jatyr. Búl uaghyzshylargha shet eldegi diny ortalyqtar kómek kórsetude. Elimizde 20-dan asa presveterian birlestikteri bar. "Greys-Bla­godati", "Birinshi presveterian shirkeui," "Almaty aimaqtyq pres­veterian shirkeui" birles­tikteri belgili bolyp otyr.

Jetinshi kýn adventisteri qa­uy­mynyng respublikalyq orta­lyghy Jetinshi kýn hristian-adventisterining Soltýstik Qazaq­stan konferensiyasy Astana qalasynda. Úiymdyq jaghynan búl birlestik Almaty qalasynda ornalasqan Jetinshi kýn adven­tisterining Ontýstik odaghyna kiredi. Evangelshil baghyt elimizde negizinen nemis etnosynyng ara­synda taralghan. Elimizde luteran­dyq 70-ten asa diny qauym bar.

Evangelshil hristian-baptiys­terding qauymdary 10 mynnan asa senushilerdi biriktiredi. Evan­gelshil-hristian baptister Qazaq­stan evangelshil hristian-bap­tisteri shirkeulerining odaghyn qúrdy. Birlestikting ortalyghy Qa­ra­ghandy oblysynyng Saran qala­synda. Evangelshil-hristian bap­tisterding 250-den asa qauymdary men toptary bar. Evangelister 2010 jylgha deyin Qazaqstan men Ortalyq Aziya elderin evangelshil­den­­diru josparyn basshylyqqa aluda.

Shet eldik missionerding bel­sen­di qyzmeti arqasynda protes­tanttyq aghymdardyng harizma­tikalyq qauymdary "Agape", "Jana ómir", "Jana aspan", "Bla­gaya vesti" jәne t.b. júmys isteude. Elimizde dәstýrli emes kulitter qatary ósude. Saentologiya shirkeui AQSh-ta HH ghasyrdyng 50-shi jyldary payda boldy. Negizin salushy Lafayet Ron Habbard (1911-1986). Ol óz ilimin "Dinae­tika: aqyldy oidyng saulyghy turaly býgingi zamanghy ilim" atty enbeginde qorytyndylaghan. Saen­tologiya shirkeui diny birlestigi Al­maty, Qaraghandy, Semey qalala­rynda resmy tirkelgen. Saento­logiya shirkeui Resey, AQSh, An­gliya, Avstraliya elderindegi saentologiyalyq úiymdarmen tyghyz baylanys ornatqan.

"Krishna sanasy" qoghamy elimizde әreket etip otyrghan jana diny aghymdardyng biri. Induizmnen tarmaqtalatyn "Krishna sanasy halyqaralyq qoghamynyn" negizin salushy - Svamy Prabhupada (1896-1977). Búl diny aghym jastar arasynda taralyp jatyr. Dýniye­jýzilik hristiandyqty biriktiru jolyndaghy Qasiyetti ruh assosia­siyasy (Birigu shirkeui) 1954 jyly qúrylghan. Negizin salushy - San Men Mun. Birigu shirkeuining missio­nerleri әlemning 100-den asa elinde qyzmet etedi. Búl shirkeuding týrli baghyttaghy úiymdary bar. Birigu shirkeui elimizde 1992 jyldan júmys isteydi.

Qazaqstanda týrli dәstýrli emes kulittar sany ósude. Atap aitsaq, 1990 jyldary jana kulittar sany 10-nan sәl asatyn bolsa qazirgi uaqytta jana kulittardyng sany 160-tan asady. "Krishna sanasy qoghamy", "Songhy ósiyet shirkeui", "Jana aspan", "Jana ómir shir­keui" syndy HH ghasyrdyng nanym-senimderi ýgit-nasihat júmystaryn týrli merekelik jәne qayyrym­dylyq is-sharalar úiymdastyru arqyly jýrgizude.

Elimizde ekstremistik baghyt­taghy "Hizb-ut-tahriyr" ("Azat etu partiyasy") úiymynyng zangha qay­shy әreketteri júrtshylyqtyng narazylyghyn tudyruda. Hizb-ut-tahrirding maqsaty - Islam atyn jamylyp, dinaralyq kelisim men ýn qatysugha ziyanyn tiygizip, beybit ómir tynyshtyghyn búzu. Hizb-ut-tahrir Ortalyq Aziya elderining mem­lekettik qúrylysyn moyynda­may­dy jәne osy aimaqta halifat qúrudy ózderining maqsaty retinde ústanady. Atalghan úiym kýresi iydeologiyalyq kýres, iydeologiya­lyq tónkeris, biylikti óz qoldaryna alu syndy ýsh baghytta jýrgiziledi. Keyingi jyldary músylmandar arasynda jik salatyn pikirler men ústanymdar kórinis berude. Diny fanatizm, lankestik, pikir tózim­sizdigi islam dinine jat.

Elimizde "әl-Kaida", "Músyl­man bauyrlar", "Taliban", "Lash­kar", "Taiba", "Boz-qúrt", "Óz­bekstan islam qozghalysy" jәne t.b. lankestik úiymdardyng qyzme­tine tyiym salynghan.

Missionerlik - diny úiymdar­dyng ilimderin taratugha arnalghan diny jәne sayasy qyzmet. Missio­nerlik úiymdardyng shoqyndyru sayasaty Afrika jәne Aziya halyq­tary arasynda qarqyndap, maqsat­ty týrde jýrgizilip otyr. Missio­nerlik úiymdargha birqatar elderding memlekettik qúrylymdary, qayy­rym­dylyq qorlary, ýkimettik emes úiymdar, qarjylyq toptar mate­rialdyq jәne moralidyq túrghy­dan kómektesip, ortaqtasa júmys jasaydy. Missionerler baratyn el halqynyng dinin, tarihyn, әdet-ghúrpyn, dili men psihologiyasyn zerttep bilip barady.

Kóptegen missionerler jergi­likti halyq basym eldi mekenderde túryp, sol halyqtyng tilin, әdet-ghúrpyn, minez-qúlyqtaryn óz qyzmetterin tabysty atqaru ýshin jeterliktey dengeyde zerttep, ýirenedi. Elimizde protestanttyq jәne neoprotestanttyq shirkeu­lerding missionerlik qyzmetteri halqymyzdyng diny birligi men yntymaqty ómirine keri әserin tiygizedi.

Júmyssyzdar, ómirden óz or­nyn tappaghandar, ruhany izdeniste jýrgender, jeke basy jәne otbasyndaghy psihologiyalyq qiyn­dyqtargha tóze almaghandar, Islam dinin tereng bilmeytinder, әsirese jastar missionerlerding ýgit-nasihatyna tez iligedi.

"Jana" kulittardyng biri - Bahay senimining bastauynda "Bab" ("qaqpa") degen laqap atymen belgili bolghan Seyd Ály Múhammed túr. Ol ózin payghambar dep jariyalaghan. Babtyng ilimin jýielep damytqan, bahay senimin ornyq­tyryp, diny ilimin negizdegen Myrza Huseyn Ály (Baha-Ulla) boldy. Bahay senimi qúdaydyng bir­ligin, diny tózimdilikti, tuystyqty, barlyq dinderding maqsat birligin uaghyzdaydy.

Bahay senimining eng joghary úiymy - dýniyejýzilik әdildik ýii Izraili memleketining Hayfa qala­synda ornalasqan. Bahay senimining últtyq ruhany mәjilisi elimizde 1994 jyly tirkelgen. Qazirgi uaqytta bahay senimining 80-nen asa qauymy bar. Keybir derekter boyynsha, payda bolghanyna bir ghasyr shamasy bolghan Bahay senimining bes milliongha juyq ústanushylary bar.

Qazaqstan qoghamynyng ruhany túrghydan janaruynda dәstýrli dinder manyzdy ról atqarady. Islam, hristiandyq jәne iudey dinderining jalpy adamzattyq jәne gumanistik qúndylyqtary últaralyq jәne konfessiyaaralyq kelisim men tatulyqty ornyq­tyrudaghy manyzy erekshe. Olar qoghamymyzda dostyqty, ózara qúrmet pen týsinisushilikti ny­ghaytugha qyzmet etedi. Qazaq hal­qynyng mәdeniyeti men ruhaniaty islam órkeniyeti men dýniyesining ajyramas bólshegi. Elimizge islam dini kýshpen emes, beybit jolmen endi.

Islam qúndylyqtary men islam filosofiyasyn, islam mәdeniyeti men ónerin damytu men janartu isine qazaq halqy manyzdy jәne zor ýles qosty. Ortaghasyrlyq músylmandyq filo­sofiyalyq oiynyng qalyp­tasuy men damuyna quatty ser­pilis bergen qazaq dalasynyng oishyl­dary Ábu Nasyr әl-Fara­bi, Qoja Ahmet Yasaui, Mahmút Qashqari, Múhamed Haydar Dulati, Jýsip Balasaghúny jәne basqalarynyng múralary islam órkeniyetining asyl qazynasy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasynda ojdan bostan­dyghy men diny bostandyqtyng qa­ghidattary, әrtýrli konfes­siya­largha jatatyn azamattardyng ózderining diny birlestikterin qúru­daghy tenqúqylyghy, memleketting shirkeuden bólingendigi turaly qaghidattar bekitilgen. Sonday-aq dinning jәne diny birlestikterding әleumettik qyzmetterin retteuding halyqaralyq tәjiriybelerine negizdelgen ózge de birqatar normativtik-qúqyqtyq negizder bar. Soghan qaramastan, dinning mәrtebesi, onyng qogham ómirindegi shynayy jaghdayy men róli, yaghny dinning qoghamnyng әleumettik-sayasi, ruhany salalaryna tiygizer әserining mәrtebesi, kenistigi jәne shekaralary qazirge deyin dәl anyqtalmaghan. Osynday belgi­sizdik, әsirese onyng teris saldary elimizdegi qazirgi diny jaghdayda oryn alghan jana ýrdisterge bay­lanysty anyq ta aiqyn anghary­luda. Búl, әriyne, әsirese din men diny sananyng kýdik tughyzatyn diniy-ruhany normalary men dog­malaryna negizdelgen jana diny aghymdar men baghyttardyng payda boluyna baylanysty. Múnday әsi­reshil nyshandar diny funda­mentalizm men diny ekstremizm retinde kórinis tabuy mýmkin.

Qazaqstannyng zayyrly mem­leket boluyna baylanysty, resmy iydeologiya dinge meylinshe beyta­rap qaraydy: ol dinshil de, dinge qarsy da sipatqa ie emes. Qazirgi Qazaqstandaghy dinning jaghdayy avtoritarlyq, totalitarlyq jәne teokratiyalyq basqaru jýiesi bar memleketterden týbirinen ózgeshe.

Konfessiyaaralyq beybitshilik pen kelisim kópúltty, kóptildi jәne kópkonfessiyaly Qazaqstan ýshin kýrdeli mәsele. Býginde Qazaqstan әlemge býkilәlemdik diniy-ruhany forumnyng ortalyghy esebinde de tanys. Oghan әlemdik jәne dәstýrli dinderding basshy­lary anaghúrlym manyzdy zama­nauy diny mәselelerdi sheshu ýshin jinalady.

Álemdik jәne dәstýrli dinder basshylarynyng birinshi sezinde elimizdegi konfessiyaaralyq keli­sim men dialogtyng manyzdylyghy erekshe atap ótilip, konfessiyaara­lyq kelisim men dialogtyng negizgi qaghidattary aiqyndaldy. Olar: toleranttylyq, ózara qúrmetteu men týsinisu, últaralyq kelisim men diny tózimdilik. Búl qaghidalar Qazaqstandaghy konfessiyaaralyq qatynastardyng da negizin qúray­dy. Búl turaly Elbasynyng Qa­zaq­stan halqyna Joldauynda by­lay delingen: "Biz barlyq dinder­ding teng qúqylyghyna kepildik beremiz jәne Qazaqstanda kon­fessiyaaralyq kelisimdi qamta­masyz etemiz".

Din biriktirudin, integrasiya­lyq ýderisterding kýshti faktory bola alady. Ol ýshin dinderden qayshylyqtardy emes, kerisinshe, ortaq belgiler men qaghidattardy, ortaq negizder men ortaq qúndy­lyqtardy, biriktirushi bastaudy izdeuge mindettimiz.

Ayta ketu kerek, Qazaqstan diny toleranttylyq pen konfes­siyaaralyq kelisim isinde iygi dәs­týr­­ler­ge iye. Qazaqstan kóne za­man­nan beri sanaluan mәdeniyetter men dinderding toghysu mekeni bolghan. Qazirgi Qazaqstannyng aumaghynda birneshe ghasyrlar boyy tәnirshildik, zoroastrizm, maniy­heylik, buddizm, hristiandyq (onyng әsirese nesteriondyq jәne yakovittik tarmaqtary) jәne islam siyaqty әrtýrli nanymdar beybit qatar ómir sýrgen, yaghny toleranttylyq pen konfes­siyaaralyq kelisimning ýlgisi bol­ghan. Sondyqtan Elbasy Núrsúl­tan Nazarbaev atap aitqanynday: "...bizge tózimsizdik nemese diny fanatizm jat. Búl ruhany dәstýr, búl qanday shenberde bolmasyn Qúdaydyng Sózine degen ashyqtyq. Búl - Qazaqstandaghy konfessiya­aralyq kelisimning eng manyzdy negizderining biri. Biz әlemge ózi­mizding toleranttyghymyzben, últ­aralyq, konfessiyaaralyq kelisim men dialogty saqtauymyzben tanyldyq. Bizding elimizding óske­leng dýniyetanymdyq әleueti búdan әri qaray da saqtalugha, damugha tiyis".

Naghima Baytenova, filosofiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor. Baghdat Beysenov, filosofiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, dosent.

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