Abaydyng túnghysh jinaghy qashan, qalay jaryq kórgen edi?
Abaydyng túnghysh jinaghy jaryq kórgenine biyl 100 jyl tolyp otyr. Tәube, Abay qazaq mәdeniyetining renessanstyq túlghasy, al atal¬mysh kitap kýlli Úly Dala órkeniyeti tariy¬hyn¬daghy sony qúbylys dep ashyq aitatyn za¬mangha da jettik. IYә, últ ruhynyng janghyruy, qazaq renessansy Abaydan bastalatyny ký¬mәn¬siz. Aytalyq, Abaydyng alghashqy kitaby men “oyanu dәuiri” dóp kelui, ekeuining arasyn¬daghy tyghyz baylanys býgingi uaqyt biyiginen qaraghanda tipten de kezdeysoqtyq emes. Júqa¬lang ghana kitap últtyq oyanugha, mәdeny qozgha¬lysqa ózgeshe әser etken qúdiretting biri.
Sonymen, tarihy jinaq qalaysha jaryq kórgen edi?
Jaqyn tuystary Abay qazasynan keyin, Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng kenesi boyynsha aqynnyng asyl múrasyn jinastyryp, baspagha әzirleuge kiriskeni mәlim. Búl turaly qúndy de¬rekti 1915 jyly “Qazaq” gazetinde jariya¬lan¬ghan Kәkitaydyng qazasyna baylanysty jaz¬ghan maqalasynda: “1904 jyly Abay mar¬qúmnyng ólenin kitap qylyp basyndar dep, balalaryna hat jazdym” dep Álekenning ózi jetkizedi (Abay dýniyeden ótkende alghash ret orys tilinde qazanamany jazghan da Álekeng ekeni belgili).
Abaydyng túnghysh jinaghy jaryq kórgenine biyl 100 jyl tolyp otyr. Tәube, Abay qazaq mәdeniyetining renessanstyq túlghasy, al atal¬mysh kitap kýlli Úly Dala órkeniyeti tariy¬hyn¬daghy sony qúbylys dep ashyq aitatyn za¬mangha da jettik. IYә, últ ruhynyng janghyruy, qazaq renessansy Abaydan bastalatyny ký¬mәn¬siz. Aytalyq, Abaydyng alghashqy kitaby men “oyanu dәuiri” dóp kelui, ekeuining arasyn¬daghy tyghyz baylanys býgingi uaqyt biyiginen qaraghanda tipten de kezdeysoqtyq emes. Júqa¬lang ghana kitap últtyq oyanugha, mәdeny qozgha¬lysqa ózgeshe әser etken qúdiretting biri.
Sonymen, tarihy jinaq qalaysha jaryq kórgen edi?
Jaqyn tuystary Abay qazasynan keyin, Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng kenesi boyynsha aqynnyng asyl múrasyn jinastyryp, baspagha әzirleuge kiriskeni mәlim. Búl turaly qúndy de¬rekti 1915 jyly “Qazaq” gazetinde jariya¬lan¬ghan Kәkitaydyng qazasyna baylanysty jaz¬ghan maqalasynda: “1904 jyly Abay mar¬qúmnyng ólenin kitap qylyp basyndar dep, balalaryna hat jazdym” dep Álekenning ózi jetkizedi (Abay dýniyeden ótkende alghash ret orys tilinde qazanamany jazghan da Álekeng ekeni belgili).
Sóitip, Kәkitay men Túraghúl 1905 jyldyng qysy men jazghytúrymynda Abaydyng ólen¬derin, qarasózderin jinap, týgendeydi. Al, ja¬dyrap jaz kelgende búl ekeui Abay múra¬syn kórshi әri tuysqan esebinde bolghan Mýr¬seyit Bike balasy degen moldanyng qolyna be¬rip, әdemilep kóshirip jazudy tapsyrady. Kórkem (eskishe húsni) jazudyng has sheberi Mýrseyit molda, Árhamnyng kuәliginshe, ar¬nayy tigilgen qosta otyryp, óz júmysyn bir aida ayaqtap shyqqan eken.
Agha buyn zertteushiler kóp zerdelegen búrynnan mәlim maghlúmattardy qaytalap jatudyng qajeti shamaly. “Abaydyng alghashqy jinaghy baspagha qalay әzirlendi?” degen sú¬raq¬tyn, bizdinshe, býgingi kýni bir ghana astary qalghan siyaqty. Ol – atalmysh jinaqtyng shyghuyna shәkirti Shәkәrimning qosqan ýlesi qanday edi degen mәsele. Tómende osyghan basa nazar audarmaqpyz.
Birden aitayyq, Abay ólenderi men qara¬sózderin jinastyru barysynda Shәkәrim mynaday isterdi atqardy dep sanamalap ótu qiyngha soghady.
Jalpysynda belsendilik tanyta aldy ma? Eger joq desek, onyng sebebi nede? Basy ashyq nәrse, sol kezderde Shәkәrim “qazaqtyng dana¬sy, jasy ýlken aghasy” bolghan Abaydyng or¬nyn basty. Yaghni, búl tústa ini aqyn qyr ómiri ýshin tym siyrek qúbylys – ýlken shyghar¬mashylyq iyesine ainaldy. Sonymen birge, ózine qarasty әldeneshe auyldyng túrmys-tirshiligin basqaru, retteu әkesi Qúdayberdi dýniyeden ótkennen beride Shәkәrimning moy¬nynda edi. Aqyn әri by bolghan aghanyng jýgi qandaylyghyn inileri (Kәkitay Shәkәrimnen 11, al Túraghúl 17 jas kishi) jaqsy bilgeni sózsiz. Taghy bir ómir shyndyghy, Shәkәrimning qystauy men Abay auyldary arasy kýndelikti aralas-qúralasqa kelmeytindey qashyq-túghyn.
Al Kәkitay men Túraghúl Abay auylynyng óz kisileri, Abaydyng múrasyn týgendeu de negizinen osy azamattargha qarasty auyl túr¬ghyn¬dary arasynda (sebebi, bastapqyda Abay¬dyng irikti, tandamaly shygharmalary ghana jiy¬naqtaldy) jýrgizilgen bolatyn. “Abay ólen¬derining alghashqy jinaghy” atty maqalasynda jazghanday (Abay. — 1992. — №3) jazushy R.Mú¬saúlynyn: “Múnday ýlken iygi iske býkil auyl-aymaq týgel tileules bop, shama-sharyq¬tary jetkenshe qol úshyn berip, at salysuyna sóz bar ma?” degen pikirine biz de qosylamyz.
Sóitip, Shәkәrimning 1905 jyldyng qysy men kókteminde Abay múrasyn jinastyrugha belsendi týrde aralasa qoymaghandyghy osy aitylghan túrmys-tirshilikting qarapayym týit¬kilderimen óz týsinigin tabady degen oidamyz. Búl paryzdan Shәkәrimdi eki ini ózderi bo¬satqan desek te qate bola qoymas.
Endi mәseleni jinaqtalghan Abay múrasyn kim¬der rettep, bir jýiege saldy degen qyry¬nan saraptayyq. Óitkeni, Shәkәrimning osy iske anyq qatysqanyna dәlel bolatyn bir qúndy estelik býgingi kýnge jetip otyr.
Abaytanu ghylymy ýshin mәndi derekterdi Árhamqyzy Minәsh apaydyng “Kәkitay” atty maqalasynan (Abay. – 1995. —№1-2.), dәlirek aitqanda osy maqalada keltirilgen Kәkitay¬dyng әieli Biybi әjeyding esteliginen kezdes¬tirdik. Jogharyda Mýrseyit Bikeúly Abay ólen¬derin bir aidyng ishinde kóshirip jazyp, qaghaz betine týsirgen dedik. Al, odan keyingi birer aida Abay jinaghyn әzirleu qalay damy¬dy? Mine, janaghy estelik osyghan sәule týsi¬redi.
Birinshi derek: Biybi әjey tórt kisi bolyp (ózi jәne Túraghúl, Shәkәrim, Kәkitay) “Ákem¬ning (Abay atam) jylyn beremiz dep dayyn¬dalyp jýrgende kerek-jaraq alamyz dep Se¬meyge baryp jattyq” deydi. Osy bir auyz sóz býgingi zertteushi ýshin asa baghaly! Ol Shәkә¬rim bas bolyp, tuystardyng Abaydyng jylyn ótkizuge qajetti kerek-jaraqty alugha Semey shaharyna 1905 jyldyng mausym aiynyng ortasynda kelgenin anyqtaugha mýmkindik be¬re¬di (Abay 1904 jyldyng 23 –shi mausymynda qaytys bolghan).
Biybi әjeyding ekinshi deregi: ýsh tuys (Shә¬kәrim, Kәkitay, Túraghúl) Abaydyng qoljazba jinaghyn ózderimen birge Semeyge ala bardy deydi.
Hosh, olar qoljazbany qalagha qanday maqsatpen aparghan? Gәp osy arada: Ombynyng túrghyny Á. Bókeyhanov ýsh tuysty Semeyde qarsy alghan (Sayasy ahualgha oray, mamyr aiy¬nan bastap Álekeng Semeyde әlipting artyn ba¬ghyp, ózi aitqanday “búghyp” jýrgen bolatyn). Nege? Abay ólenderining alghashqy jinaghyn bi¬rige qarap, birlese oilastyru ýshin. Shynghys¬taudan Semeyge jetken top Á.Bókeyhanovpen kezdesip, keleli mәslihat qúrady. Múny da estelik iyesining óz auzynan estiymiz. “Búl kisi kim?” dep súraghanymda, oqyghan aqyldy kisi, Abay aghamnyng ólenderin qarattyq degen”, - deydi Biybi әjey. Jәne, sol kýni: “Dostar tang atqansha әkemning (Abay atam) ólenderin oqyp, әn salyp otyrdy. Tang qylang bergende ghana qonaqty ýsheui shygharyp saldy”. Asa qúndy fakti emey ne!
Sonymen, Abaydyng ólenderin bólik-bó¬likke bólip, jýiege salu, sonday-aq, alghashqy jinaqtyng jalpy qúrylymyn anyqtap, onyng sonyna Abaydyng ómirbayanyn beru siyaqty mәndi mәselelerdi sheshuge kimning qatysqanyn túnghysh ret estip, bilip otyrmyz. Ýsh kisining ýlesi búrynnan-aq mәlim bolghanymen de, mәs¬lihattyng uaqyty men orny (Semey me, әlde Ombyda ma) belgisiz-di. Sonday-aq, Shәkә¬rimning esimi búryn-sondy solay shyghar dep boljanghanymen, naqty atalyp kórgen emes.
Tórt dostyng bas qosyp, kenesui nәtiy¬jesinde Abay jinaghy qúrylymynyn qan¬day bolmaghy sheshildi dedik. Sol she¬shimge sәikes songhy qoljazba núsqany әzirleu, yaghny janadan kóshirtu, әriyne, taghy da Mýrseyit Bikeúlyna tapsyry¬lady. Búl turaly: “Oqylyp, tekserilgen song qayta kóshirtip, bir ay shamasynda dayyndatyp alyp, Kәkitay Semeyge alyp jýrdi, — dep jazady Árham aqsaqal. – Jol rashotyna satugha eki semiz at, eki se¬miz týiesin әketti. Kәkitay malyn aqsha¬lap alyp, Omby qalasyna kettim dep hat jazdy”. Kәkitaydyng búl sapary jayly Álekeng bylay deydi: “1905 jylghy shil¬dening ayaghynda Kәkitay Abaydyng qoljaz¬basyn alyp, Ombydaghy maghan keldi. Kәkitay bizding ýide birer júmaday jatty. Abay, Pushkiyn, Lermontov sózderin birge oqyp, mәz-mәiram boldyq”. Búdan bayqaytynymyz, Abaydyng qoljazbasyn әzirleu, ony jýieleu men bólim-bólimge salu tónireginde әngime bolmaghan. Onyng sebebi, Ombygha Kәkitay songhy nýktesi qoyylghan dayar qoljazbamen kelgen.
Abaydyng jyldyq asy mausymnyng so¬nynda Jiydebayda berildi, al Kәkitay Abay¬dyng jinaghyn alyp, Ombydaghy Ále¬kene shilde aiynyng sonynda ghana attana¬dy. Árhamnyng qoljazbany “bir ay shama¬synda dayyndatyp” deuining mәnisi osy. Búl rette “Kәkitay nelikten jyldyq as¬tan song birden attanbaghan, bir aidan astam uaqyt ne ýshin qajet bolghan?” degen sú¬raq¬tyng tuuy zandy. Búl merzimning qol¬jazbany qayta kóshirip shyghu ýshin Mýr¬seyitke de, sonday-aq, alghashqy jinaqtyng sonynda basylghan Abaydyng túnghysh ómir¬bayanyn jazyp shyghu ýshin Kәkitaydyng ózine de qajet bolghany kýmәn tughyzbasa kerek-ti.
Sóitip, qaytalap aitayyq, Semey qa¬la¬synda (Á.Moldabaevtyng ýiinde) mausym aiy ortasynan asqanda Álihan, Shәkә¬rim, Kәkitay jәne Túraghúldyng songhy qol¬jazba núsqany talqygha salghany naqtyly dәiektelip otyr.
Bireu biledi, bireu bilmeydi, 1909 jyly Peterborda jaryq kórgen túnghysh jiy¬naqta Abay ólenderi 17 bólikke toptas¬tyrylyp, әrbir bólikke jekeley taqyryp (“Halyq turaly”, “Óleng turaly”, “Ózi tu¬ra¬ly”, “Ghashyqtyq turaly”, “Oy tura¬ly” degen siyaqty) qoyylghan edi. “Aqyn shygharmalaryn osylaysha jiktep, shartty týrde bolsa da, taqyrybyna qaray toptap bastyru, – dep jazady abaytanushy gha¬lym Q.Múhamethanov, – sol zamandaghy oqyrman qauymgha Abaydyng aqyndyghyn tanytu jolyn jenildetu maqsatynan tu¬ghan bolady” (Abaydyng aqyn shәkirtteri. –Almaty, 1994.
Búl jikteuler búghan deyin abaytanu ghylymynda Álekenning kómegimen “Kәki¬tay jasaghan jikteuler” (Áuezov) delinip kel¬di. Endi mine, búl mausym aiynda Se¬meyge jinalyp, kenes qúrghan tórteuding or¬taq júmysy hәm sheshimi ekenin naqty bilu¬ding sәti týsip otyr. Búl, sóz joq, ýl¬ken olja.
Aytpaqshy, Semeyde kezdesip, birer kýn kónil kóterip, shat-shadyman bolghan dostar birge suretke týsedi. Búl suretti kózi kórgen Kәkitay nemeresi Minәsh apay bylay dep jazady: “Sol surette әjemning bir jaghynda beti boyalghan kisi, bir jaghynda Kәkitay atam, syrtynda Túrash agham, ekinshi jaghynda Kәkitaydyng iyghyna qolyn salyp, Shәkәrim atam túr edi”. Á.Bókeyhanovqa “halyq jauy” degen jala jabylghandyqtan saqtyq jasap, betin boyap tastaghan siyaqty. Bir әttegenayy, búl suret saqtalmaghan, alasapyran zamanda joghalghan.
Árham Kәkitayúly Abaydyng jinaghyn әzirleuge Shәkәrimning at qosqanyn bil¬meydi emes, әriyne, bilgen. Ol qoljazba “oqy¬lyp tekserilgen song qayta kóshirtip, bir ay shamasynda dayyndatyp” dey otyryp, kim-kimning “teksergenin” atamay, attap ótedi. Sebep sol: teksergenderding ýsheuine (Álihan, Shәkәrim, Túraghúl) bir¬dey “halyq jauy” degen pәle jabylghan jaghdayda ózge amalyng qaysy.
Úzaq, tórt jylgha sozylghan shyrghalan¬nan song aqyrynda Abaydyng alghashqy ólender jinaghy 1909 jyly basylyp shyghady. Jinaqtyng basqy betinde: “Qazaq aqyny Ibrahim Qúnanbay úghylynyng óle¬ni. Bastyrghan: Kәkitay, Túraghúl Qú¬nan¬¬bay¬úghlandary. SPB., Vostochnaya elek¬tropechatnya IY.Boraganskoga, 1909” dep jazylghan. Sondyqtan kitaptyng Kәkitay men Túraghúldyng enbegi arqasynda jaryq kórgenine eshkimning talasy joq. Alayda búl ekeuine Álihan siyaqty aqyl-kenesin berip, kómek qolyn sozghan tórtinshi adam¬nyng da bolghanyn, ol Shәkәrim ekenin eskere jýrsek, ghylymy ainalymgha engiz¬sek, úly ruh aldyndaghy boryshymyz sәl de bolsa óteler edi degen pikirdemiz.
Songhy aitar jay, Abaydyng qarasóz¬deri túnghysh jinaqtan syrt qaldy. (Om¬bydan Qazan qalasyna kelgen Kәkitay, on¬da isting reti kelmegen son, Mәskeu asyp, qiyandaghy Sankt-Peterburg qala¬syna deyin baryp, qarjy tapshylyghyna tirelgen edi. Mysaly, Peterborgha “200 som jiberdik” deydi Árham. Eger kitap qa¬lyndar bolsa, әriyne, shyghyn da molaya týser edi).
Abaydyng prozamen jazylghan qoljazba kitaby ekeu: biri – “Ghaqliya” (búl kitaby tughan últyna baghyttaghan 40 ghaqliya sózdi qúrady), ekinshisi – “Ghaqliat-tasdiqat” (qazirgishe 38-shi qarasóz). Eger Abaydyng qos kitaby, әsirese, songhysy tәuelsiz el¬de, qalypty jaghdayda zerdelengen bolsa, úly aqynnyng qazaq әdebiyetimen qatar últtyq filosofiyasynyng negizin qala¬ghany, tipti әlem oiynyng alyby ekendigi bayaghyda-aq dәiekteler edi...
Kemel Abay bes jyl ghúmyryn sarqa júmsap tәmamdaghan atalmysh úly múrany iygeru qajettigi songhy jyldarda qay qy¬ry¬nan da (býgingi qazaq filosofiyasyna jan bitiru, qazirgi әlemdik diniy-ruhany ahualdy tereng týsinu, sonday-aq, qazaq ruhynyng biyigin ózgelerge kórsetu, tanytu t.b.) ghalamat artyp otyr. Býgingi abay¬tanu¬dyng asa zәru mәselesine jana buyn filosof mamandarymyz qashan bet búrar eken?!.
Asan OMAROV, abaytanushy ghalym.
«Egemen Qazaqstan» gazeti 3 mausym 2009 jyl