Ashyghyn aitar bolsaq, býgingi qazaq arasyndaghy islam dini birneshe tarmaqqa bólinip ketip otyr. Oghan negizgi sebep -әr týrli ústanymdaghy islam uaghyzshylary. Mәselen qazaqtyng ejelden ata - babasynyng әruaghyn qasterlep oghan qúran baghyshtau, basyna baru sekildi dәstýrin Týrkiyadan oqyp kelgender dúrys dese, arab elderinen bilim alyp kelgen din mamandary qate dep úghyndyryp baghuda.

Ashyghyn aitar bolsaq, býgingi qazaq arasyndaghy islam dini birneshe tarmaqqa bólinip ketip otyr. Oghan negizgi sebep -әr týrli ústanymdaghy islam uaghyzshylary. Mәselen qazaqtyng ejelden ata - babasynyng әruaghyn qasterlep oghan qúran baghyshtau, basyna baru sekildi dәstýrin Týrkiyadan oqyp kelgender dúrys dese, arab elderinen bilim alyp kelgen din mamandary qate dep úghyndyryp baghuda.

Desek te bizge islamdaghy әigili tórt mashabtyng ishinde Imam Maghzúm mashabyna jatatynymyz birinshi eskerilui tiyis. Sol sebepten de bizding qazaq ýshin ata - babasyn dәripteu, eske alu, onyng músylmandyghyna eshqanday da salqyndyghyn tiygizbeydi. Tipti búl turaly payghambarymyz Múhammed (s.gh.s.) bir hadiysinde bylay degen: «Qabirge baryp túryndar, qabirler senderge o dýnie jayly oilar salady». Yaghny qabir basyna baryp ata - babagha arnap qúran baghyshtaudyng payghambar túsynda da bәlendey sókettigi bolmaghan. Biraq bir eskeretin jaghday, qazaq qansha dindar bolsa da ólgen adamnyng atyn atap, odan bәlendey jәrdem kýtu aqiqy islam sharighaty boyynsha qate. Turasyn aitsaq, jaratushy Allagha sherik qosu bolyp esepteledi. Al sherik islamda keshirilmeytin kýnәgha jatady. Taghy bir aita ketetin mәsele, bizde býginde avtobusqa adam toltyryp alyp kishi qajylyq jasaymyz dep әulie aralap jýrgenderdi de kórip otyrmyz. Búl bauyrlarymyz da jogharydaghyday әr týrli uaghyzshylardyng kesirinen ata - baba qabirin adaqtap jýr. Olardyng da qate túsy osy sherik qosu mәselesine kelip tireledi. Búl topqa kirgender tek babalar basyna qúran baghyshtaumen shektelmey, olardan jәrdem tilep adasuda.
Ózderin «naghyz músylmanbyz» dep jýrgen taghy biraz bauyrlarymyz jeke top bolyp Said Nursy ilimin uaghyzdap jýr. Búl tipti elimizdegi joghary oqu ornynda oqityn student jastarymyzdyng arasynda kóbeyip barady. Bir Almatynyng ózinde osy baghytta uaghyz taratatyn birneshe oryndar bar. Sóz joq, Sayd Nursy óz zamanynda islam dinining keremet bilgiri bolghan. Biraq ol artyna: «Erteng ólgesin meni payghambardyng aldyna qoyyp uaghyz jýrgizinder», - dep ósiyet qaldyrmaghan. Nemese: «Men arqyly islamdy jamylyp ózge elderge menmendik sayasattyng jýzege asuyna yqpal jasandar» - dep aitpaghany taghy anyq. Ókinishke qaray, bizge kelip Sayd jazghan qúran tәspirlerimen uaghyz jýrgizip otyrghan missionerler jogharydaghy eki mәselemen de astyrtyn ainalysyp otyr. Múny olardyng uaghyzyna baryp qatysqan kez kelgen sanaly adam bayqauy qiyn emes.
Bizding pikirimizshe, búlardyng qay - qaysysy da qazaqtyng ishki birligi men yntymaghynyng әlsireuine әser etedi. Sonymen qatar, últtyq mentaliytetimizding joghaluyna da әser etpey qoymasy anyq. Mentaliytet demekshi, qazir bizding ortamyzda islam dinining otany sanalatyn Saud Arabiyasy memleketinen oqyp kelgen qazaq uaghyzshylary jýr. Olar ýshin ózge elding últtyq bolmysy, mentaliyteti degen nәrseler bes tiyndyq qúny joqtay. Mәselen, eger sen músylman bolsang solar sekildi úzyndyghy tizeden tómen týsetin aq týsti kiyim kiiin kerek eken. Múnyng sebebin súrasanyz, búl - sýnnet. Al sýnnet degen sóz Múhammed (s.gh.s.) payghambarymyzdyng islam jolynda istegen әrbir isteri. Biraq búl jerde tek islamnyng kórkeyip, órken jayy ýshin payghambar jasaghan ister ghana sýnnet ekenin olar bilmeydi emes, biledi. Birinshiden, búl arab elderining últtyq kiyimi. Olardyng búlay aq týste kiyinuin aq jolda jýru niyetinen dep týsinuge bolmaydy. Aq týsti kiyimdi últtyq kiyimderi retinde tandauynyng negizgi sebebi, ol memleketterding geografiyalyq ornalasuy ekvator boyynda jatyr. Sol sebepten de ol jaqta kýn ystyq. Aptap ystyqta kimning bolsyn, aq kiyim kiymeske lajy joq. Sonday -aq osy uaghyzshylardyng birining sózine sýiensek, islam sharighaty boyynsha dýniyeden ótken adamdy sol kýni tez jerleu kerek eken. Al bizding qazaqta qansha jerden asyghys bolsa da ólgen adamnyng alystaghy tughan - tuysyn, bala - shaghasyn bir - eki kýn kýtu múrsaty beriledi. Búl jerde de mәselening sheshimin tabu asa qiyndyqqa aparmaydy. Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, ol jaqtaghy kýnning 40-50 gradus ystyghynan mәiitti kóp saqtay almaytyndyqtan amalsyz osynday sharagha barady. Biraq ony «islamnyng sharty» dep týsindirui qúlaqqa ene qoymaydy. Toqeter týsingenimiz, sonau jerden kelip qanshama aqshasyn «jomarttyqpen» shashyp jýrgenderding kókeyinde dinnen de jogharyraq túrghan basqa nәrsening bar ekeni. Eshqanday memlekette, ol zayyrly memleket bolsa da adamdardyng diny senim -nanymy ol elding ishki syrtqy sayasatynan bólek túrghan emes. Osy jaghyn bizding aghayyndar eskerui tiyis.
Búl maqalamyzda elimizdegi býgingi islam dinining birneshe tarmaqtaryna ghana toqtala aldyq. Búdan basqa da Yassauiyding qazaq topyraghynda ómir sýrgenin algha tartyp ózderi jasap alghan «Yassauiyshildik ilimin damytyp jýrmiz» degen jeleumen júmys istep jatqan zikirshiler jayly aitylyp jazylyp ta jatyr. Múnyng da qazaq ýshin paydasynan góri ziyandy jaqtary barshalyq.
Áriyne kim qanday diny senim - nanymda ómir sýrgisi keledi, ózining qúqyghy. Tek bizding aitpaghymyz, osy jogharydaghyday «dindar aqylgóilerdin» kóbeyip ketuining negizgi sebebi -elimizde boy kórsetip otyrghan dogmatizm mәselesi. Dogmatizmning qazaqsha tikeley audarmasy «diny shala sauattylyq» degen úghym beredi. Búdan da góri jaqynyraq audarsaq - dýmshelik. Biz búl jerde bar qazaqty jappay diny shala sauatty dýmshe deuden aulaqpyz. Desek te bizding ortamyzda dogmatizm salqyny bar ekeni ras.
Osy jerde aita ketetin bir nәrse, islam dinining qazaqqa paydaly jaqtaryn jýieli týrde oqytu mәselesin qolgha alu kerek. Búl ýshin Músylmandar Diny Basqarmasy arnayy baghdarlama jasap, ony qazaq qoghamyna tolyqqandy endiru qajet. Onda: «Mine sen qazaqsyng sening ata - babang islam dinining myna mashaby boyynsha ómir sýrgen. Onyng ishinde bizding әdet - ghúrypqa qayshy keletin eshqanday tústary joq», - dep anyq әri senimdi kórsetilu tiyis. Búl baghdarlama jalpy adamzat balasyna ortaq islamnyng qaghidalarymen qúran sýrelerinen alystap ketpeu kerek. Sonda ghana biz qazirgidey jan - jaqtan tartushylyqtan qútylamyz. Diny basqarma demekshi, osy basqarma ghimaratyna jaqyn túrghan ortalyq meshitke baryp namaz oqyp kórseniz birnәrseni bayqamay qaluynyz mýmkin emes. Eger jamaghat bolyp namaz oqyp túrghanda qarasanyz namazhandar barlyghy bir imamgha úiyp túryp namazdy әr týrli oqidy. Mәselen bireuleri qoldaryn kindigining túsyna qoysa, endi bireuleri keude túsyna qoyyp eki ayaghynyng arasyn barynsha taltaytyp túryp oqyp jatady. Bizding biluimizshe Imam Maghzúm mashaby boyynsha namaz kezinde eki qol kindik túsynda, eki ayaqtyng arasy tórt eliden sәl artyq qana ashyq boluy tiyis. Diny basqarmada otyrghan kisiler sol jerge baryp, osy mәselening basyn ashyp beruge bolady ghoy jәne sol Diny basqarmada arnayy pәtua bólimi sonda júmys isteydi. Aqiqatyna kelsek, osy mәsele dәl sol bólimning ainalysatyn isi.
Bir kezderi sonau jetinshi ghasyrdyng ayaghy men segizinshi ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq dalasyna islam dinin әkelushi Áby qúl ibn Qaz esimdi missionerding óz eline baryp qazaqtar turaly jazghan «Jәnnattyqtar qauymy» atty kitabynda mynaday sózder kezdesedi: «Búl halyq (qazaqtardy aityp otyr) kelgen qonaghynan aqy almaydy jәne qansha kýn jatsa da ony ýiinen qumaydy. Búl elde úrlyq degen óte az bolady. Barlyq adamdary bir auyldy ýlken adamnyng aitqanymen jýredi. Egerde әlemdegi barlyq halyq osylar sekildi bolsa, tozaq әldeqashan bos qalar edi». Búl jerde qazaqtyng islam dini kelmey túryp - aq islamnyng barlyq sharttaryna sәikes keletin óz әdet ghúrpy bolghanyn bayqaugha bolady.
Memleketting ishki qauipsizdigine ziyan tiygizuge arnalghan; damyghan nemese damu ýstindegi tynysh eldi toqyraugha jiberuding bir tәsili retinde diny aghymdar (sektalar arqyly) qoghamgha iritki tudyru, әlsiretu ekonomikamen sayasatqa, bilimge, ghylymgha, bolashaqqa kir keltiru arqyly ósken jastargha qauip týsiru; otandy sýi imanynan taydyratyn; dinaralyq qaqtyghys tudyrumen kiykiljing halge jetkizuge baghyt beru; dinsizdikke úshyratugha arnalghan faktorlar - olar sektalar ekenin biluimiz kerek.

Ardageldi KÓShIMBAEV,
professor, jurnalist

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