Bir ghasyr boyy ateizmning kózge kórinbes "temir qúrsauynda" túnshyqqan Úly Dalamyzdyng iyesi - qazaq halqy ruhaniyatyn aitpaghanda, bay tilimizding tereng maghynaly sózderining maghynasynan airylyp, júrtta qalghan jalghyz ýiding kýiin keshude.

Jalpy aitqanda, qazaq dýniyetanymy - Qúrannyng dýniyetanymy. Árbir salt-dәstýrimiz ben әdet-ghúrpymyzdyng týbinde mindetti týrde Qúrannyng ayaty, payghambardyng hadiysining maghynasy jatyr. Din men dәstýrding bite qaynasuyna ýlken enbek etken dara túlgha - Qoja Ahmet Yasaui.
Sonau Qoja Ahmet Yasauy negizin qalaghan yasauiya tarihaty qazaq handyghynyng dýniyege keluine, handyqtaghy әleumettik, dini, mәdeni, sayasy prosessterge әser etip otyrghan. Tarihattyng negizinde týrli instituttar payda boldy. Biz osy instituttardyng ishinde batyrlyq, yaghny әskery jaghyn qarastyra kele, onyng sal-serilermen baylanysyn ashudy kózdep otyrmyz. Birinshi, sal-seriler kimder? Osy saualgha jauap berip kórsek. "Sal-seri" sózi qazirgi uaqytta qazaq týsiniginde toy-duman, jýirik at pen qúmay tazy, súlu qyz sonynda jýretin adamdar dese, qazirgi uaqytta "donjuannyn" audarmasyna ainalyp otyrghany tipten soraqylyq. Jalpy býgingi kýni kóptegen sózderding maghynalarynan airylyp, mәngýrttik qalyptan shygha almay otyrghanymyz ókinishten basqa eshtene tudyrmaydy.

Bir ghasyr boyy ateizmning kózge kórinbes "temir qúrsauynda" túnshyqqan Úly Dalamyzdyng iyesi - qazaq halqy ruhaniyatyn aitpaghanda, bay tilimizding tereng maghynaly sózderining maghynasynan airylyp, júrtta qalghan jalghyz ýiding kýiin keshude.

Jalpy aitqanda, qazaq dýniyetanymy - Qúrannyng dýniyetanymy. Árbir salt-dәstýrimiz ben әdet-ghúrpymyzdyng týbinde mindetti týrde Qúrannyng ayaty, payghambardyng hadiysining maghynasy jatyr. Din men dәstýrding bite qaynasuyna ýlken enbek etken dara túlgha - Qoja Ahmet Yasaui.
Sonau Qoja Ahmet Yasauy negizin qalaghan yasauiya tarihaty qazaq handyghynyng dýniyege keluine, handyqtaghy әleumettik, dini, mәdeni, sayasy prosessterge әser etip otyrghan. Tarihattyng negizinde týrli instituttar payda boldy. Biz osy instituttardyng ishinde batyrlyq, yaghny әskery jaghyn qarastyra kele, onyng sal-serilermen baylanysyn ashudy kózdep otyrmyz. Birinshi, sal-seriler kimder? Osy saualgha jauap berip kórsek. "Sal-seri" sózi qazirgi uaqytta qazaq týsiniginde toy-duman, jýirik at pen qúmay tazy, súlu qyz sonynda jýretin adamdar dese, qazirgi uaqytta "donjuannyn" audarmasyna ainalyp otyrghany tipten soraqylyq. Jalpy býgingi kýni kóptegen sózderding maghynalarynan airylyp, mәngýrttik qalyptan shygha almay otyrghanymyz ókinishten basqa eshtene tudyrmaydy.
Al shyndyghynda "sal-seri" sózining maghynasy ne? Tarihy qanday? Búl súraqtargha jauap tapsaq, súlulyqtyng simvolyna ainalyp otyrghan jandardyng tereng syry, jan dýniyesi ashylar degen oidamyz.
Qazaq halqynyng tarihynda әrqashan túghyry biyik túratyn túlgha - Álkey Marghúlan. Akademik Á.H.Marghúlan "Qazaqtyng sal, serilik dәstýri" degen maqalasynda sal men serige mynaday anyqtama beredi: "Sal" europa tilimen aitqanda ekssentrlik, bolmasa óz baghytymen jýretin bir ayauly adam. Onyng bir armany sylqymdyq, kerbezdik, kiyimdi әdemi kiyinu, ózimen qatar jýretin adamnyng bәrinen de qiyapatymen de, kiyimimen de artyq bolu, asyp týsu. Ertoqymynyng ózi de basqanikindey bolmaydy, altynmen, kýmispen órnektelgen, erekshe saltanatpen jasatady.
"Sal" sózi kiyimdi salpandatyp keng tiguden shyqqan, sal, salpan. Árbir saldyng shalbarynyng balaghy sonday ken, oghan bir kisi tolyghymen siyp ketedi," - deydi de, "seri" sózine baylanysty mynaday anyqtama beredi: "Seri" sózi serpildeuden shyqqan, boy jazu, serper osy sózben birdey, shalqytu, asqaqtau," - dese, A.V.Zataevich: "Sery byly detimy beloy kosti, bogatymi, no ih ekssentrizm ne prinimal kraynih form," - deydi.
Búl oilar qazirgi uaqytta da osy maghynasynda saqtalyp kele jatyr. Sondyqtan onyng barlyghyn tizbekteuding qajeti joq bolar. Al endi akademikting sal, serilerding shyghu tarihyna baylanysty oilaryn tolyq keltire ketsek: "Sal, seri ekeui de óte eski dәuirden saqtalyp kele jatqan halyqtyng tirshiligine kóp janalyq kirgizgen, әdebiyetke, oi-sanagha kóp әser etken qazaq mәdeniyetining bir jarqyn belgileri, - dep bagha bere otyryp, - Tarih kózimen qaraghanda, serilik tu basta týrik qaghanaty kezinen shygha bastaghan. Serilikti әdet qylghan oishyl kisining biri sol jasaghan ataqty Iollyq degen kisi. Ol ózin ghajayyp anshy, mergen, atty әdemilep ústaytyn at seyil, onymen qatar ol asqan aqyn, jyrau. Aghalary Bilgi han men Kýltegin qaytys bolghanda olargha arnap epikaly oqighalardy әdemilep qúryp, ony tasqa jazyp qaldyrghan da osy ataqty Iollyq tegin", - deydi. Kelesi erekshe toqtalyp ketken túlghasy - Qorqyt. Ol turaly: "Qazaq anyzdary boyynsha, Qorqyt - eski dәuirdegi serilikti bastaushynyng biri. Búghan HIII ghasyr búryn jazylghan ataqty sheshen, el basqarushy, onymen qatar ataqty jyrau, aqyn, kýishi, birinshi qobyz jasaushy qazaq muzykasynyng atasy". Akademik Á.Marghúlannyng pikirlerin tújyrymdasaq, sal-serilerding tarihy VIII-H ghgh. aralyghynda qalyptasqan. Eskeretin jayt, búl kezderde әli "aqyn" nemese "sal", "seri" degen sózder kezdespeydi. Búl atalmysh sózder keyin payda bolghandyghyn, yaghny Qypshaq dalasyna islamnyng keluimen baylanysty ekenin kórsetedi. Ghalymnyng aityp otyrghan kezeninde, qazirgi týsiniktegi salserilerding tek sipaty ghana bolghan. Á.H.Marghúlan da: "Sal men serining sipaty әsirese Qorqyt dәuirinde oghyz qypshaq arasynda óte kýshti boldy. Ol turaly Qorqyt jyrynda aitqan ghoy:
Elden elge,
Bekten bekke,
Qobyzyn artyp qosyna,
Úzyndar jýr el kezip.
Búl anyz qazaqtarda osy kýnge deyin aitylghan úzynnyng ornyna "aqyn" dep aitylady, yaghny epikaly jyr aitushylar," - deydi.
Jalpy, sal-serilerding sipaty, aqyndar ejelden bar ekenin Á.Marghúlan barynsha dәleldedi. Bizding maqsat "sal-seriler" sózining maghynasy men qalyptasu tarihy turaly qarastyru. VIII-H ghgh. sal nemese seri sózin kezdestirmeymiz, al "aqyndy" Qorqyt "úzyndar" degen. Jogharyda aityp ketkenimizdey, búl úghymdar islam dinining keluimen baylanysty. Endi osy oiymyzdy dәleldeuge tyrysayyq.
Aqyn - til tәnirisining elshisi dep, dana qazaq arly aqynnyng qoghamdaghy orynyn dәl anyqtaghan. Sol "aqyn" sózi "ahun" sózinen tuyndaydy. Ahun (parsy tilinen) - diny ústaz, jetekshi degen maghyna beredi. Filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory B.Núrdәuletova "Jyraular poetikasyndaghy dýniyening konseptualdyq beynesi" enbeginde: "aqyndyq - Qúdaygha bet búru. Biz zerttegen jyrshylardyng týgel ómirbayanynda olardyng diny sauattylyghy ghana emes, din jolyn ústanghan ghúlamalyqtary da sóz bolady. Jogharydaghy zertteushilerding nazaryna ilinbey qalghan aqyndyqpen qatar aitylatyn atau - "ahun" sózi. Ahun - diny ghúlama, sonday-aq aqyndyqpen de baylanysy bar adamdar. Aqyn jәne ahun sózderining tórkindestigi de jaydan-jay bolmasa kerek.
Ónege shashqan jyrshylyq,
Qúdaygha ol da qúlshylyq, (Sýgir Begendikúly)" - deydi. Mysalgha Ybyrayym ahun Qúlbayúly, Týite ahun, Qaljan ahun, Ábdurahman ahun Tanly Tana, Seyitjan ahun Bekshentayúly t.b. ahun dәrejesinde shyndyqty jyrlap, nasihat ólender shygharyp, elding arasynda әuliye, pir, din basshysy, ghúlama ghalym retinde tanylghan. Ómir Qaraúly:

Ahun-ishan belgisi -
Kәlәm-Shәrip qolynda,
Ózi Haqtyng jolynda -
Dýniyege moynyn búrmaydy, - deydi.
Teologiya doktory, dintanushy, yasauitanushy Dosay Kenjetaydyng zertteulerine nazar salsaq: "Ahmet Yasauy hikmet dәstýri qazaq dalasynda sal-seriler shygharmashylyghy, terme-naqyl siyaqty moralidyq, ghibrattyq mazmúnda damydy. Búl jerdegi "hikmet" úghymy alghashqy dәuirlerde jalpy "payghambardyng uaghyzy, nasihaty, ghibraty" degen maghynalarda qoldanylghan. "Sayiyr" - arab sózi, termin retinde Yasauy ilimining dýniyetanymdyq ruhany әlemin anyqtaytyn negizgi úghymy. Al, "sal" úghymy sopylyq terminologiyada ruhany kemeldenu jolyn bildiretin "suluk" sózining qazaq tilindegi ózgeriske úshyraghan formasy," - dese, shyghystanushy Ómir Túyaqbaev: "Súhbat sheyh pen mýrid arasynda auyzsha jýretin dәris bolghan. Ústaz shәkirt týsinigine, qyzyghushylyghy men yntasyna, alghyrlyghy men ruhany kýiine qaray jeke nemese kópshilikpen betpe-bet әngime-dýken qúratyn. Súhbattan sheyh maqsaty - shәkirtke Haqty tanytu, jýregine mahabbattyng dәnin egu bolsa, al shәkirtting maqsaty - maqamgha jetu, ruhany ósu boldy. "Sair as-suluk" - shәkirtting maqamgha jetip, Haqqa úlasuy ýshin sheyh, pir, ústaz baqylauynda ótetin diniy-ruhani, ahlaqy tәlim-tәrbiyesi jiyntyghy dep úqsaq kerek. Qazaq arasynda sopylyqtyng búl qyry "sal-serilik" dәstýri arqyly keng tanylghan. Sal-serilerding halyqpen tyghyz baylanysyp, diny jyr-dastandar jyrlauy, nasihat, terme, arnau aituy, súhbat qúruy negizinde qalyptasyp, jyraulyq, termeshilik siyaqty halyqtyq óner ayasyna úlasty," - deydi. Bayqasaq eki ghalymnyng pikiri bir jerden shyghyp otyr. Yaghny "sal-seri" sózi sopylyq ilimdegi "sair assuluk" sózinen tuyndaydy. Bizding oiymyzsha, "sal-seri" sózi sopylyqtyng "siyl-sala" degen sózinen shyghady. "Siyl-sala" sózi "shynjyr", "tizbek" degen maghynany bildiredi. Shәkirt ústazdyng tәrbiyesinde bolyp, maqamgha jetip, ózi hal tapqannan keyin, sheyhtyn, pirding rúqsatymen ózi ústazdyq jolgha týsedi yaghny atadan balagha, ústazdan shәkirtke berilip kele jatqan ilimdi jalghastyrady. Múny sopylyqta siyl-sala dep ataydy. Sal-serilerding jaghdayynda ruhany ilimmen qosa, әskery tәjirbiyeler berilse kerek. Býgingi tanda sopylyqtyng ruhany róli tereng zerttelude, biraq sal-serilerding tarihy, әskery tarihpen baylanysty. Talasbek Ásemqúlovtyng bir súhbatynda sal-serilerding tarihyn bylaysha tarqatady: "Orta Aziya sopylarynyng basty piri - Qoja Ahmet Yasaui. Osy Qoja Ahmetting kóp shәkirtterining biri jәne eng qabilettisi - Bektash esimdi sopy bolghan. Qazaqtyng sal-serilerining piri - osy Bektash. (Osman imperiyasynyng tarihynda Qoja Ahmet pen Aziyadan shyqqan sopylardyng esimi erekshe qúrmetpen atalady. Qazirgi Ystambúl, búrynghy Vizantiyanyng astanasy Konstantinopolidi jaulaghan әskerding aldynghy legi tútastay Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding jaujýrek shәkirtteri bolghan desedi). Qazaqtyng sal-serileri soghysqa jeke sherik bolyp jәne sauytsyz, janbolatsyz shyghatyn bolghan. Áriyne, kәsiby әskery adamnyng qan maydangha búlay qamsyz shyghuy kýmәndi saualdargha jeteleui mýmkin. Búnday saualdargha jauap sal-serilerdin, pidager, qúrbanshyl әsker ekendiginde jatyr. Qarapayym tilmen aitatyn bolsaq, sal-seriler - óz erkimen tútastay ólimge kesilgen әsker," - deydi. Endigi mәsele, shynymenen qazaq topyraghynda din men әskery biliktilikti úshtastyrghan toptar boldy ma degen saualgha jauap izdep kóru. Búl saualdyng jauabyn Serikbol Qondybaydyng "Arghyqazaq mifologiyasy" atty enbeginen taptyq. Ghalym enbeginde "Ýsh qiyan" tarihaty turaly jazady. Ol atalmysh tarihat turaly: "Búl - 14 ghasyrda, Altyn Ordany Áz Jәnibek han biylegen tústa, Manghystauda, Jylyoyda, jalpy Edil-Jayyq ónirinde qalyptasqan, bir jaghynan kóshpeli jauyngerlik, ekinshi jaghynan sopylyq mashayyqtyq dәstýrdi úshtastyrghan diniy-serilik tariqat bolatyn; múnday úiymdy, tipologiyalyq dengeyde batys europalyq dәstýrdegi "diny rysarlyq ordenmen" salystyrugha bolady," - deydi de, Ýsh Qiyan ordenin ózi siyaqty yassauiylik baghyttaghy "naqyshbandiyya", "haydariyya", "bektashiyya", "qúbrauiyya" ordenderimen (tariqattarymen) qatar qoigha bolady," - deydi. Osy jerde tariqat mәselesin sheship alghan dúrys bolar. Tariqa (tariqat) arab tilinen audarghanda jol degen maghynany bildiredi. Ghalym Ýsh qiyandy ataqty sopylyq tariqattarmen qatar jeke tariqat retinde kórsetip otyr. Búl pikirmen kelise almaymyz. Nege? Birinshiden, atap otyrghan tariqattar ("naqyshbandiyya", "haydariyya", "bektashiyya", "qúbrauiyya") qazaq territoriyasynan tys jerde taralghan tariqattar (Orta Aziya, Kavkaz, Týrkiya).
Ekinshiden, qazaq territoriyasynda negizinen yasauiyya tariqaty taralghan bolatyn. Ýsh Qiyan da (eger ony jeke tariqat dep esepteytin bolsaq) qazaq jerinen tys shyqpaghan. Oghan qosa ghalym Ýsh Qiyannyng basqa tariqattardan aiyrmashylyghyn bylaysha tarqatady:
1. Olardyng kóshpeli ortada qalyptasyp, kóshpeli túrmys keshui (basqa sopylyq tarihattar negizinen Orta Aziya men Qazaqstannyng otyryqshy aimaqtary men qalalarynda payda bolghan). "Ýsh Qiyan" ordeni taza kóshpeli tobyr (esenqazaqtar, "Alash úldary" nemese airaqtar) arasynda qalyptasty.
2. Olar jay ghana sopylyq tariqat emes, әskery sipaty bar, yaghny dinijauyngerlik (rysarlyq) sipaty bar, tariqat boldy.
3. "Ýsh Qiyan" tariqatynyng negizin qalaushy "Esenata" (Gózli) nemese "Asanqayghy" degen myndaghan jyldyq tarihy bar esimdi laqap etken adam bolghan, sondyqtan osy tariqatty "Ata tariqaty" nemese "Asanqayghy tariqaty" dep te ataugha bolady. Ordendi negizdeushiler, ózderin qojalar, seyitter, sheyhter siyaqty, "Múhammed payghambar gh.s.-nyng naq ózinin, onyng sahabalarynyng nemese alghashqy tórt haliftin, sonday-aq qúrayysh taypasynyng úrpaghymyz" dep emes, bar bolghany "Qoja Ahmetting shәkirti bolghan Esenatanyng (Asanqayghynyn) shәkirtimiz" dep eseptegen. Yaghny ony negizdeushiler, kóshpeli týrki taypalaryna din uaghyzdau ýshin kelip, uaqyt óte olargha sinip ketken parsylar emes, taza qypshaq, týrikpen tektiler bolatyn.
4. Búl orden (tariqat) eki bastaudy - yassauiylik sopylyq islam ilimi men bayyrghy týrkilik "úrym" dәstýrin ózara úshtastyryp, songhysyn aldynghysynyng talaptaryna say beyimdey alghan tariqat edi. Búl jóninen ol Naqshbandiyagha, Bektashiyagha, t.b. qaraghanda barynsha týrkilik, barynsha kóshpelilik sipatta bolghan, - deydi. Kóshpeliler arasynda taralyp, din men dәstýrdi úshtastyra otyryp, islamdy týrki júrtyna taratqan Qoja Ahmet Yasauy ekeni belgili. Osynday sintez negizinde yasauiya tariqaty payda bolady.
Qazaq qoghamyndaghy biy-sheshender týgeldey yasauiya tarihatynyng sheyhtary, ókilderi bolghan. Biyler instituty sot, diplomatiyalyq qyzmetter atqarghany ýshin bólek tariqat dep ataugha bolmaydy ghoy, sol siyaqty Ýsh Qiyan da tek әskery qyzmetpen ainalysqandyqtan, olardy tariqattaghy batyrlyq nemese әskery institutqa jatqyzugha bolady.
S.Qondybaydyng enbegine oralsaq: "Mine, osy tariqattyng jolyn quushylar ("Alash úldary") 14 ghasyrdyng ayaghy, 15 ghasyrdyng basynda oiran bolghan Altyn Ordany tastap, Ortalyq Qazaqstangha (ortalyghy - Úlytau, batysy - Aral, Qazaly manyndaghy Qaraqúmdar, shyghysy - Qarqaraly Qazylyq, ontýstigi - Qarataudyng teriskey, "sozaqtyq" betkeyi) qaray yghysty, - deydi de, - ...osy tariqattyng ghayyp bolu uaqyty retinde 16 ghasyrdyng 30-40-shy jyldaryn kórsetuge bolady. Búl - qazaq memlekettigining óte kýshti qúldyrau dәuirine túspa-tús keledi. Al, 17 ghasyrda olar turaly tarihy aqiqat úmytylyp, tek anyz ghana qalghan edi," - deydi.
Sonymen Ýsh Qiyan 15-ghasyrdyng basynda Ortalyq Qazaqstangha yghysyp kelip, 16-ghasyrdyng orta sheshinde tarih sahnasynan ketedi. Biraq, osy uaqyttan keyin "sal-seri" degen ataumen qoldaryna dombyra ústaghan, halyqtyng erkesi, qúty atanghan jandar payda bola bastaydy. Búdan salserilerding týbi Ýsh Qiyan diny jauyngerlik institut ekenin boljap otyrmyz.
Jogharyda jazushy T.Ásemqúlovtyng pikirin keltirgen edik. Ol pikirmen S.Qondybaydyng pikirining arasyndaghy úqsastyqtardy qarastyrsaq.
"Eki avtor da sal-serilerding tarihyn Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyge tireydi (Ýsh Qiyandy sal-serilikting negizin qalaushylar dep esepteytin bolsaq);
"Sal-serilerding piri nemese "negizin qalaushy" Q.A.Yasauiyding shәkirti ekenin jazady. Biraq T.Ásemqúlov Bektash sopyny atasa, S.Qondybay Asanqayghyny ("Esenata") ataydy. Áriyne Asanqayghynyng Ýsh Qiyannyng negizin qalaushysy retinde joqqa shyghara almaymyz.
Qajy Bektash Uәly "Uәlәiat namasynda" ony Qoja Ahmet Yasauy Rúm jerine jiberedi. Jalpy, bektashiya tariqaty qazaq jerinde emes, qazirgi Týrkiya, Albaniya, Bosniya jerlerinde keninen taraghan. Sondyqtan salserilerding piri Asanqayghy degen tújyrymdy dúrys kórip otyrmyz. Olay deytinimiz, Ýsh Qiyannyng kóshi Úlytaugha kelip qonuy da Asan qayghy pirlerine baylanysty boluy mýmkin. Sebebi Asan Qayghy dýnie salyp, Úlytaudyng basyna jerlenedi. Qazir Úlytau batysynda Torghay jerindegi qos ózenning biri - Ýlken Qayghy, ekinshisi Kishi Qayghy dep atalady. Asanqayghy turaly tómende әli qarastyramyz.
"Kәsiby әskery adamdar bolghan. Búghan baylanysty T.Ásemqúlov: "Býkil tarihy at ýstinde, qankeshu - soghys ýstinde ótken elding qatygez әskery zany. Oqyrman búnday qatygezdik ne ýshin kerek deui mýmkin. Tútas bir sherik әskerding jaugha sauytsyz shabuy - qalghan әsker ýshin, at jalyn tartyp minip, alghash ret qan maydangha shyqqan kókoray jas úrpaq ýshin erlikting tendesi joq ýlgisi, ýlken ruhany jәne psihologiyalyq kómek dep jauap beremiz búnday saualgha. Qol bastap túrghan kәri batyrlar: "Áne, sal-seriler jaugha sauyt kiymey shapqanda, sauyt kiyip, temir qúrsanghan sen neden qorqasyn?" dep qannan shoshynyp túrghan jas úlandardyng kónilin demdeydi eken. Áriyne, kóp jaghdayda sal-serilerding sherigi tútastay qyrylatyn bolghan. Al osy ayauly әskerding kezdeysoq tiri qalghandary bolsa, beybit kezde olar elding erkesi sanalghan. Qazaqta "attyng mayy" nemese "attyng teri" degen úghym bar. Bireuding atyn minuge alghan adam, atty iyesine qaytarghanda "attyng mayyn" beredi eken. Qazaqta "attyng mayy - bir toqty" nemese "attyng mayy - bir qozy" degen úghym da bar. "Qylyshtyng mayy" da sol kóne kýnderden jetken qasiyetti úghym. Úrystan әldeqalay aman shyqqan seri el shetine, alghashqy kezdesken auyldyng syrtyna kelip jyghylady. Auyldyng adamdary anyrap jylap kep ýstine týskende, seri: "Qylyshymnyng mayyn ber", - deydi. Búl - serinin: "Qylyshymdy qapysyz shauyp, jaudyng da qanyn, ózimning de qanymdy ayamay tóktim, endi sol qylyshymnyng óteuin ber" degen nazy eken. Býkil aimaq jinalyp serini kilemge salyp nemese jatqan jerinde ýstine otau tigip, basyna kóterip ardaqtaytyn bolghan, - dey kele, - Qazaq ordasy úly imperiyanyng telimine týskennen keyingi jerde sal-seriler búrynghy mәrtebesinen aiyrylyp, basqa sapagha ótti. Qaru-jaraq asynyp jýruge tyiym salyndy, sol sebepti sal menen seriler qylysh pen nayzany qabyrghagha ilip qoyyp, endi qoldaryna dombyrany alyp, әrtistik bogemagha ainaldy," - deydi. Resey imperiyasynyng bodauyna týskennen keyin, sal-seriler soghystyng basqa tәsiline kóshedi, qoldaryna qaru ornyna dombyra alady.
Ýsh Qiyan Batys ónirinde payda bolyp, damyp, tarih sahnasynan ketken jeri Ortalyq Qazaqstan territoriyasy. Sal-serilerding de kóptep shyghu geografiyasy atalghan eki ónirde. Mysalgha Á.Marghúlan: "Úly jýz elinde "sal" bolyp jýrgen kóp bolmaghan. Halyq aitatyn anyzdarda jii kezdesetin esimderi Dәuren, Bayserke, Qojabek, Satqynbay, Sýiinbay, Tezek siyaqty aqyndar serige jaqyn," - deydi. Búl da Ýsh Qiyannyng Úly jýz jerine ótpegenning әserinen bolsa kerek. Kishi jýz serilerining esimderine "sal" nemese "seri" sózderi jalghanghanyn bayqau qiyn. Muzyka zertteushisi Baghlan Bәbijan: "HIH ghasyrda Manghystau jerinde serilik qúryp, el aralap, әn aityp, kýy tartqan, jyr jyrlaghan jeti ónerpaz bolghany belgili. Olardy halyq "jeti qayqy" dep atap ketken. Batys ónirinde sol kezende "qayqy" degen sóz "sal, seri" degen maghynany bildiredi eken," - deydi. Á.Marghúlan: "Abylay zamanynda jasaghan eski serining biri Taylaqpay, ol da sybyzghymen tartqan. Onyng asqaqtatqan súlu kýii "Qyz jylatqanday" әskerden esen-sau qaytqanyn quanysh etip, osy sәuletti kýidi qaldyrdy. Sybyzghymen kóp tartushy әsirese Kishi jýz serileri,"- dep jazady. Búl Batys aimaqtarda sal-serilik damyghanyn kórsetedi.
Ataqty etnograf-mәdeniyettanushy A.Inan sal-serilikting qazaq mәdeniyetindegi manyzyna toqtala kelip: "Qazaqtar, Mongholstan, Altay aimaghynan Edil (Volga) jaghalaularyna, Aughanstan men Iran shekarasynan Tobyl-Ertis angharyna, Pamirden Oral taularyna deyin sozylyp jatqan keng baytaq kenistikte ómir sýrgenimen, ortaq bir tilde sóileydi. Zany men әdet-ghúrpynda eshqanday ózgeshelik joq. Múnshalyqty dәrejedegi birlikting sebebi sal-seri dep atalatyn aqyn-jyraulary men ónerpaz-alyp erenderining býkil qazaq dalasyn tolassyz aralap, ru-taypalar arasynda jýrgizgen ghibrattyq-nasihat dәstýrlerinen bolsa kerek," - deydi. Shyndyghynda qazaq mәdeny qabatyndaghy sal-serilik instituty Haqiqatqa barar joldaghy adamdardyng ruhany birligin, tuystyghyn, yntymaqtastyghyn qoghamgha ónege retinde kórsetken ortalyq bolghan. Á.Marghúlan mynanday derek keltiredi: "Sarysu boyyndaghy ekinshi Shong Tolybay saldy asa qadirlep, ony ózine aqylshy etip alady. Tolybay sal aqyl iyesi, halyqty ózining әdemi kórinisimen, sheshen sózimen, shyrqap salghan әnimen quantatyn bolghan. Búl qasiyet barlyq salda bolghan," - deydi. Búl - sal-serilerding әn shyrqap, pang jýristeri men súlu kiyimder kiygeni ýshin emes, el basylaryna aqylshy bolyp taghayyndalghany, ruhany bay, kemeldengen jandar ekenining dәleli.
Á.Marghúlan: "Seriler birinshiden, ataqty mergen, ekinshiden, sayatshy, súnqarmen, lashynmen, túighynmen qyzyq kórushi, túlpar attyng eng jýirigin qadirlep baptaushy. Onymen qabat halyqtyng ruhany tirliginde, oiyn-sauyghyna da erekshe quat berip, ony biyikke kóterushi," - deydi. Osy sal-serilerding qylyqtary, jýris-túrystary dinge qanshalyqty say keledi? Túlpar dese, Áziretti Áliyding Dýldili, Aqan serining Qúlageri, súlu әn aitu Dәuit payghambardyng sýnnetinen, súnqar, lashyn, túighyn baptau Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyden ýlgi bolsa kerek. Q.A.Yasauiyding eng jaqyn shәkirterining biri Sýleymen Baqyrghaniyding "Shayhym Ahmet Yasaui" atty hikmetinde:

Qarshyghany baptaghan,
Lashyn, súnqar ústaghan.
Sansyz murit bastaghan,
Shayhym Ahmet Yasaui, - deydi.
Endi sal-seriler azghyndyqqa salynyp, nәpsining jeteginde ketkender degen de pikir joq emes. Búl pikirlerding ózi HH ghasyrda sal-serilikting toqyraugha úshyrap, tarih sahnasynan kete bastaghan uaqytyna keledi. Taghy da Á.Marghúlan enbegine nazar audarsaq: "Arqanyng saldarynyng kelip jetken dәureni HIH ghasyrdyng sony, odan keyin olar mýlde joyyla bastady. Búl teginde túrmyspen baylanysty is bolu kerek. HIH ghasyrdyng sonynda bylay qaray saldar el auzynda anyzgha ainalyp, tek olardyng aityp ketken әnderi, kýileri, jyrlary saqtalyp keledi. Saldardy, serini úmytpaghan kóbinese qazaqtyng jas әielderi. Ádemi kiyinip jýrgen jas jigitti olar "sal", "seri" dep atady. Sol aitqan kezden bastap sal ómiri býtindey azghyndady. HH ghasyrdyng basynda olar tym óreskel týrge kóshti. "Salmyn" dep ózin-ózi atap jýrgen kisilerding boyynda jan kýiinde búrynghy saldyqtyng kórkem týri bolmady. Ol bir qúbyjyq oiyngha, óreskel iske ainaldy. "Salmyn" deushiler jaman ertoqymyn teris erttep, kiyimin teris kiyip, azyp ketti. Onday "saldar" qatarynda aitylatyn kisiler Toqyrauynan shyqqan Núralynyng Sýleymeni, Kenesbaydyng Ospanbayy. "Sal" bolamyz dep búlar barlyq malyn bosqa qyryp, pishinin qúlatyp, oiyna kelgenin istedi," - deydi. Búl sonau Ýsh Qiyannan bastau alyp, ózinshe erekshe, qaytalanbaytyn mәdeniyet qalyptastyrghan sal-serilikting dәuirining sony edi.
Qoryta aitqanda, týrki júrtyna islam núryn shashqan Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz qalyptastyryp ketken sopylyq joldy múra etip, tarihy jaghdaylargha baylanysty batyrlyqty tu etken jankeshti atalarymyzdyng Ýsh Qiyan diniy-batyrlyq tobyn qúryp, Qazaq handyghyn qúrugha ýlken ýles qosyp, 16-17 ghasyrda ómir sýruin toqtatyp, qazaq mәdeniyeti men әdebiyetin damytugha, bay ruhaniyatyn nasihattaugha ýlken ýles qosqan jana, erekshe sal-serilikting mәdeniyetin dýniyege әkeldi.

Sayat BAYMÚRATÚLY, tarihshy
04.08.2011.

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