Altyn ordanyng qol astynda birneshe ghasyr otar bolghan Rusi júrty, Altyn ordanyng ydyrauy men qúldyrauyna, bólshektenuine baylanysty tolassyz tuyndaghan týrki halyqtarynyng ózara qyrqysyn sheberlikpen paydalanyp, tәuelsizdik alyp shygha keldi. Birneshe ghasyrlyq bodandyq, ezilu olardyng monghol-týrki halyqtaryna degen óshpendiligi, kegi úrpaqtar boyy jadylarynda saqtalyp keldi. I Petrding zamanynda atqa qonyp kýsheye týsken Rusi kinәzdikteri birigip, biyligi ortalyqqa shoghyrlanghan imperiyagha ainala bastady. Baltyq jaghalauynan bastap, Kavkaz, úly Sibir, Orta Aziya, Altay halyqtaryn birinen song birin jaulap, qyryp-joyyp, otarlay bastady. Buyrqanghan ata kegin qaytarghany sonsha, keybir halyqtardy, aitalyq Sibirding ejelgi kóne halyqtaryn jer betinen týgelimen joyyp jiberdi. Ghalymdardyng aituyna qaraghanda, 300-den astam sibir júrty orys-kazaktarynyng ayausyz qyrghynynan jer betinen joq bolyp ketken.

Altyn ordanyng qol astynda birneshe ghasyr otar bolghan Rusi júrty, Altyn ordanyng ydyrauy men qúldyrauyna, bólshektenuine baylanysty tolassyz tuyndaghan týrki halyqtarynyng ózara qyrqysyn sheberlikpen paydalanyp, tәuelsizdik alyp shygha keldi. Birneshe ghasyrlyq bodandyq, ezilu olardyng monghol-týrki halyqtaryna degen óshpendiligi, kegi úrpaqtar boyy jadylarynda saqtalyp keldi. I Petrding zamanynda atqa qonyp kýsheye týsken Rusi kinәzdikteri birigip, biyligi ortalyqqa shoghyrlanghan imperiyagha ainala bastady. Baltyq jaghalauynan bastap, Kavkaz, úly Sibir, Orta Aziya, Altay halyqtaryn birinen song birin jaulap, qyryp-joyyp, otarlay bastady. Buyrqanghan ata kegin qaytarghany sonsha, keybir halyqtardy, aitalyq Sibirding ejelgi kóne halyqtaryn jer betinen týgelimen joyyp jiberdi. Ghalymdardyng aituyna qaraghanda, 300-den astam sibir júrty orys-kazaktarynyng ayausyz qyrghynynan jer betinen joq bolyp ketken.
1511-1520 jyldary Qasym hannyng túsynda-aq qazaq dalasymen shektesip, shekarany qazaq jerining irgesine deyin keneytken alyp imperiya bizdi otarlau ýshin 1845 jylgha deyin 300 jyldan astam  uaqyt júmsapty. Týrki júrtynyng qanyn suday tókken qandy auyz imperiya qazaq dalasyn otarlau barysynda da osy sayasatyn ýzbey jalghastyryp keldi. Baghynghan-baghynbaghanyna qaramastan ,keybir qazaq rularyn tútasymen qúrtyp jiberdi. Qazaqtargha shýilikkeni sonsha, basqa baghynyshty bodan bolghan halyqtargha qaraghanda, eng kýshti qarsylasqan osy qazaqtar edi. Úly Ghún imperiyasynan, bayyrghy týrki júrtynan qajyghan qytaylardyng da týrki júrtyna degen azuy basuly edi. Shynghys әuletteri qúrghan Yuan patshalyghyn audaryp tastap, Ming patshalyghyn qúrdy. Biraq onyng da kýni úzaqqa barmady. Shyghys teristik alqabynan shyghyp, kýsheyip kele jatqan Manchjur úlysy qytay qorghanynyng byt-shytyn shyghardy. Úly Ching imperiyasyn qúryp, Qytaydy 1911 jylgha deyin taban audarmay 3 jarym ghasyr biyledi. Ghasyrlar boyy ózderine maza bermegen týrki júrtyn bayyrghy ata qonysynan, Qytay qorghanynan Altaygha deyin sozylyp jatqan úlan-ghayyr týrki halyqtaryn bólshektep, bir-birine aidap salyp, qyzyl qyrghyn salyp keldi.
Áriyne olardyng da ata kegi kýshti edi. Qaghanattardy birnen-song birin joydy. Túqymyn túzday qúrtty. Ayamady, keskiledi, qyrdy. Týrki júrtynyng toz-tozy shyqty. Biylikke talas, ishki qyrqys, biyler men handardyng arasyndaghy, taypalar arasyndaghy auyzbirshilikting bolmauy týbi bir týrki halqynyng týbine jetip tynyp edi. Sol qandy-qasap qyrghyn әli de jalghasyp keledi. Bir sәtte tolastaghan emes. Biraq qylysh alghan - qandy qyrghyn emes, ekonomikalyq-sayasy kenistigimizdi óz ýstemdigine qaratu arqyly otarlaudyng jana bir týri  beybit, tynysh, jymysqy, qiytúrqy tәsilder arqyly bodan etu shayqasy. Úly týrki júrtynyng ata jauyna ainalghan qazirgi eki derjava elding endi eki býiirden qysa, qyspaqqa aluy barghan sayyn jiyilep keledi. Qandy shengelin alghanymen, tyrnaghy әli batyp otyrghan Resey qazaq dalasyn otarlaudyng jana tәsiline myqtap kirise bastaghangha úqsaydy. Ekonomikalyq-sayasi, әskery jaqtaghy yqpalyn bylay qoyghanda, aqparat kenistigimizdi jaulap alyp otyrghan alpauyt elding shovinistik-últshyldyq baghyttaghy sayasaty, ústanymy ózgergen emes. Dýniyening kez kelgen jerine barsanyz da, Reseydey Qazaqstannyng ishki isine kiyligip, ashyqtan-ashyq qojandap otyrghan memleketti kórmeysiz. Biylikten tartyp, bizding býkil resurustarymyz, intelliygensiyamyz solardyng mýddesine qyzmet etip kele jatqany jasyryn emes. «Tәuelsizdik aldyq pa, joq, jariyaladyq pa?» degen súraqqa eshkim de jauap bere almaydy. Shyn mәninde biz tәuelsiz el emespiz, aimaqtyq, óniraralyq elge ainaldyq. Jartylay otar, jartylay tәuelsiz jarymjan elmiz. Ekonomikalyq jaqtaghy Qytaydyng ýles payyzynyng artuy bizdi ondyrmasy anyq. Derjavalardyng kapitaldyq, shiykizattyq jәne qomaqty payda tabatyn shylauyndaghy elge ainalyp qalghan siyaqtymyz.. Qytaydyng mysyqtabandap jaqyndauy, Reseyding shoqpar ýiire bastauy bir tyqyrdyng tayap kele jatqanyn bildirse kerek. 
Shynymen de osy qauipke qarsy túra alatyn qoghamdyq pikir qalyptasty ma? Bizdegi orystyng oiymen, evreyding aqylymen, kәristing qulyghymen qimyldaytyn biylik orys patshasy V. Putinning kózqarastarymen kelise me? Putinning tilinde sóileytin biylik  Putinshe ýn qata ala ma? Búl súraq biz ýshin manyzdy әri eng qajetti der kezinde ashyq pikir bildirudi talap etetini shyndyq. Eshkimning kenesine qúlaq aspastan, milliondaghan adamnyn, kelesi úrpaqtyn, últtyng keleshegimen, taghdyrymen eseptespesten, Kedendik odaqqa kirdik. Kirgemiz joq, kirgizdi. Kónbeseng de. Biylikting Euraziyalyq odaqty kópten beri ansap, birtútas ortaq ekonomikalyq kenistik, ortaq valuta degendi oilap tapqanyn jәne aityp jýrgenin bәrimiz de bilemiz. Biz 300 jyl boyy orys qazanynda quyrdaq bolyp quyrylyp, shala kýiip keldik. Endi es jiyar sәtte kýlimsi iyis sasyghan sol qazangha qayta týssek, maysyz janyp ketpeymiz be? Súlap týsken halyqty su týbine jibersek, kelesi úrpaqqa ne betimizben qaraymyz? Búl adamnyng aqyl-oyynyng adasuy, sanasynyng әlsiregeni emes pe? Eki iyghyng shabylsa, basyng qalar, al basyng shabylsa, neng qalady?
Europadaghy qazirgi órkeniyetti elder sanatyna jatatyn aghylshyn, fransuz, ispan, italiyan, portugal, german, golland elderining bәri de kezinde basqynshy elder bolatyn. Olar da óz kezinde, adamzatqa qarsy otarlaudyng aluan týrli zorlyq-zombylyqtaryna, jantýrshigerlik qylmystargha baryp, basqynshylyq sayasatyn jýrgizip  kelse, qazirgi tanda ol elder  әsireshovinistik, óktemdik kózqarastarynan, oilarynan bas tartyp, aryla bastady. Aghylshyndar jaulap alghan Malay týbegindegi elderding eshqaysynyng da tiline, mәdeniyetine, dinine soqtyqqan joq. Qayta olardyng óz ana tilderinde oquyna, dinderin saqtauyna, mәdeniyetin órkendetuine jol berip otyrdy. Europalyq elder otarlaushyl sayasatynyng basqa halyqtargha әkelgen zardaptaryn zerdelep, zerttep, kelesi úrpaqtyng sanasyna kelmeske ketken óktemdik minezden ýlgi almaugha shaqyryp, órkeniyetti jolgha týsuge tәrbiyelep otyr. Álemning mәdeniyeti ozyq elderi qatarynda, Europalyq Odaq ayasynda júmys istep, teng dәrejede, beybit, yntymaqty, bir-birining ishki isine kiylikpey, ózara syilasyp, birge órkendep otyr. Al Resey she? Kenestik kelmeske ketken ker zamandy tiriltip, qol astynan susyp ketken elderdi qaytadan uysyna alyp, óktemdik kórsetkisi keledi. I Petr zamanynan kele jatqan úly orystyq-shovinistik pighyl men sanadan әli arylmaghan Resey óz aumaghynda ómir sýrip kele jatqan halyqtar ýshin әli de qaterli basqynshy el retinde sipattalady. Ózderin europalyq sanaytyn, europalyq órkeniyetting kóshinen, sana-seziminen әldeqayda artta qalghan Resey ýshin búl joldyng úzaqqa aparmasy anyq. Adamzattyng aqyl-oyy shyrqau shegine jetip, qoghamdyq-gumanitarlyq sana damyp, әlemdik qauymdastyqtyng yqpaly artyp, demokratiya men adamy qúndylyqtar órkendep, qanatyn kenge jayyp kele jatsa da, Resey men Qytay bayaghy ker zamannyng kebinen shygha almay әure. «Den» gazetining kuәlandyruynsha, qazirgi azat Ukrainanyng belgili qogham qayratkerlerining biri ashu-yza ýstinde: «Resey ózining Mәskeu knyazdigi kezindegi shekarasyna qayta týskenge deyin biz ózimizdi qauipsizbiz dep sanay almaymyz», - degen eken. Kýlli týrki júrtyna ghana emes, ózimen qandas, dini bir, tili jaqyn deytin, mordva, komi, karel, udmurt, ukraiyn, gýrji, armyan siyaqty slavyan tektes halyqtardy da ondyrmaghany anyq. Álemdik órkeniyetter toghysyp, adamzat tynyshtyq pen beybitshilikting altyn besiginde terbeludi armandasa da, әli kýnge deyin ózine baghynyshty kavkaz halyqtaryn qyryp-joyyp ústap otyrghan Resey ýshin de, jerining 60 payyzy basqa últtardiki bolsa da, olardy bas kótertpey joy sayasatyn ashyq jýrgizip, qarsylyq kórsetip, halyqtardy feodaldyq zamannyng tәsilimen ayausyz qyrghyngha úshyratyp keledi. Basqa halyqtardyng mәdeniyetimen, qúndylyghymen sanaspau, orayy kelse, qúrtyp jiberu niyetinen  bir sәtte tanghan emes. Al týbimiz bir týrki júrty sanalatyn qyrghyzyng sayasy qyrghyn salyp, ózimshil ózbek ózeurep, qúmdaghy týrikmen týnilip, Ázerbayjan Qarabaqpen әlek bolyp otyrghanda, týrki júrtynyng basy әzirge birigetin týri bilinbeydi. Al, bizding kerauyz qylyghymyz әli jalghasyp keledi. Bireuimiz dinge, bireuimiz tilge, dilge qarsy shyqtyq.
Ziyaly qauymnyng úitqysy sanalatyn, qazaqtyng sózin sóileydi-au deytin, jeti jýzden astam jazushydan anyq jeti jazushyny tappaysyn. Eki Múhtar eki jaqta jatyp, bir-birine ata kegi ketkendey shýilikse, Túnghyshbay men Asanәli anadaydan bir-birine shoqpar ala jýgiredi. Ataq pen danqqa, memlekettik syilyqqa talasyp, baspasózde bir-birimen qyrqysyp, qyzylkenirdek bolugha uaqyt tabatyn ziyalysymaqtarymyz últtyq mýddege kelgende bir auyz sóz aitugha jaramaydy. Tildik jaqtan da, dindik jaqtan da, bólinip, qyryq pyshaq bolghan, halyq pen biylikting arasynda kópir boludan qalghan, bas-basyna partiya, qoghamdyq úiym qúryp, eldi yryn-jyryng etken ziyalydan qazaqtyng kónili bayaghyda qalghan. Abaydyng «bas-basyna by bolghan ónkey qiqym» dep zar jylap ketkeni bar ghoy. Bәrining kózdegeni - qazaqtyn, últtyng mýddesi emes, jeke basynyn, bala-shaghasynyng qamy men qareketi ghana. Elbasynyng aldynda kitabyn, bala-shaghasyn maqtap, elge sinirgen enbegin dәriptep, úzyn-sonar sarnap ketetin aghalarymyzdyng qylyghy aqylgha syimaydy. Últtyq intelliygensiyanyng arasyndaghy alauyzdyq, bólinushilik jyl ótken sayyn úlghaymasa, azayghan emes. Tәuelsizdikten keyingi jyldary da qazaq jazushylary, tarihshylary arasyndaghy rugha, jýzge, jikke, jerge bólinip, han men biyge, batyrlar men jyraulargha talasatyn, qazaq tarihyndaghy belgili, aty anyzgha ainalghan aruaqty adamdardy rugha menshikteytin túrpayy, úsaq, pasyq qylyqtarmen ainalysyp ketti. Joqtan bardy jasap, tarihta bolmaghan, bolsa da qatardaghy kópting biri sanalatyn adamdardan by men batyr, túlgha jasauda aldymyzgha jan salmadyq. Qazaq halqy ejelden syilap, pir tútyp, atyn anyzgha ainaldyryp kelgen abyzdarymyz ben túlghalarymyzdy, batyrlarymyzdy qaralap, olardyng tarihy kelbeti men últ aldyndaghy bedeline kir jaghudan tayynbaytyn, iymenbeytin dengeyge jettik. Birin zor qylyp, ekinshisin qor qylyp kórsetu ýirenshikti qúbylysqa ainaldy. Últtyng tәuelsizdikten keyingi taghdyry, tili men mәdeniyeti, qúrsauda bolghan halyqtyng tarihy sana-sezimi men azattyq ruhynyng әlsireui óz últymyzdan shyqqan iri, asa bilimdi, quatty inteliygensiyanyng qoldauy men kómegine zәru edi. Alayda kenestik kezennen beri qalyptasyp, tamyryn terenge jiberip alghan ziyaly qauymnyng arasyndaghy ekijýzdilik derti asqynyp ketkeni sonsha, biylik qúrylymdaryna deyin órmekshining torynday úyasyn salyp ýlgerdi. Bir jýzden, bir rudan, bir oblystan jasaqtalghan biylik ókilderi payda boldy. Tipti keybir mekemelerde bir atadan qúralghan adamdardyng otyrghanyn kórgende ne aitaryndy da bilmeysin. Ózining tuys-tughandarymen, qúda-jekjattarymen, baldyzdarymen bir mekemening kadrlaryn toltyra saludan úyalmaytyn dengeyge jetti. Oppozisiyanyn, zang shygharushy organ sanalatyn Parlamenttegi deputattardyng shyn mәninde últqa qyzmet etpeytinin, qazaqtyng ruhyna, tiline ashyq qarsy shyghyp otyrghan kýiki tirligin halyq óz kózimen kórip otyr. Kimning kim ekeni kópshilikke mәlim boldy. Óz últyna opasyz, jelbuaz adamdardyng osy әreketteri qazaq tarihyna qara әrippen jazylary dausyz. Tәuelsizdikten keyingi qazaq ziyalylarynyng boyyndaghy jaltaqtyq, qorqaqtyq, salghyrttyq, bilimsizdik, últtyq memleketting qalyptasuy men nyghangyna ólsheusiz zardabyn tiygizip keledi. Otarshyldyqtan qalghan qúldyq sana men tәrbiye, qytaydan qorqatyn, orystan ýrketin jiyirkenishti psihologiya keyingi jetilip kele jatqan tәuelsiz jas buynnyng ósip-jetiluine, azat oily sana men últtyq ruhty qalyptastyruyna, azamattyq qoghamnyng tolyqqandy mýshesi bolyp jetiluine keri әseri tipti ashyndyrady. Kenestik kezendegi últtyq inteliygensiyanyng últtyng mýddesi men bedelin qorghaudaghy róli asa joghary bolghanyn moyyndauymyz kerek. Múhtary, Bauyrjany, Ghabiyti, Sәbiyti bolghan halyq eshtenege alandamady. Joqtaushysy, joqshysy bar ekenine sendi. Al, qazir Ghabiytine, Sәbiytine jetpese de, jeteghabyl túlghalarymyz, aghalarymyz, arystan minezinen aiyrylyp, itayaq jalap, kýshik bolyp qynsylap ketti. Bolmysy, ruhy orystanghan, óz últynan bas tartyp, orys kóshine ilesip ketken, biraq jol ortada kóshke ilese almay, orysqa da kereksiz bolyp júrtta qalghan qandastarymyz (Oljas Sýleymenov, Núrbolat Masanov, Ermúhammet Ertisbaev, Erlan Ydyrysov, t.t. búlardyng qatary myndap sanalady) qayta qayyrylyp, úiysyp, airanday úiyp otyrghan qauymgha, óz qandastaryna uyttana shabuyldady. Qazaq osyndayda «qayta shapqan jau jaman» demeushi me edi? Qasqyrday talady. Ayyqpas jara saldy. Jansebil, tózimdi, qargha tamyrly qazaghym búlardyng da qylyghyn keshirdi. «Ishten shyqqan shúbar jylanym» dep, olar salghan jaranyng auzyn jalap otyra berdi. Áli kýnge deyin tórden oryn berip, tóbesine kóterip, moynyna mingizip keledi.
Birtútas últtyq iydeiologiyanyng joqtyghy, jón silter baghyttyng bolmauy, alash tuynyng astyna biriktiretin úly kýshting әlsireui, arnamyzdan adastyryp bara jatqany kónilge qayau týsiredi. Halyq shynynda kimge senerin aiqyn bilmeydi. Qogham kim kóringenning qanaghatsyz oilary men qúnsyz kózqarastarynyng qúrbanyna ainalyp barady. Radio-telearna, aqparat, baspasóz salamyz memleket jaghynan qarjylandyrylsa da, kimderding mýddesin soghyp, sózin sóilep otyrghanyn angharu qiyn emes ekeni belgili. Últtyng sózin sóilep, joghyn joqtaytyn sanauly gazetterimizden basqa qaptaghan orystildi basylymdaryng týgelge juyghy qazaq mýddesimen bas qatyryp otyrghan joq. Olardyng qay taudyng shóbin ansaytynyn, kimderge qarap úlitynyn besiktegi balagha deyin anyq biledi. Altaydan Qytay qorghanyna deyin, úly Sibir dalasynan Balqangha sozylyp jatqan, tútas Aziya men Europany jalghaghan týrki halyqtarynyng altyn besigine, qút mekenine ainalghan, bir kezderi Altyn Ordaday úly imperiya dәurendegen úlan-ghayyr dalada tәuelsizdikti endi alyp, óz qoly endi auzyna jetken elding tili de, týri de, mәdeniyeti de jat bolghan halyqqa qaytadan bodandyq qamytyna týsuding ózi aqylgha da, aqiqatqa da syimaytyny dausyz. Shyghystyq úly órkeniyetting kókjiyeginen susyndaghan, dalalyq kóshpendi mәdeniyetting iyesi atanghan, óz senimi men nanymy bar, músylman qauymyna jatatyn týrki júrty ýshin úly birlik kerek ekeni beseneden belgili. Basqa halyqtardy qúldanugha, jer betinen joq qylugha bolatyn ker zaman kelmeske ketse de, óz qol astyndaghy týrki jәne kavkaz halyqtarynyng tilinen, mәdeniyetinen, dininen bezdiruge qanshama ghasyr júmsasa da, olardyng bayyrghy halyq bolyp qala beretinin Resey biyleushileri әli týsinbey keledi. Sibir dalasyndaghy týrki-monghol halyqtary óz tilinen, dininen mәdeniyetinen aiyrylugha shaq qalsa da, olar óz ruhyn әli de saqtap keledi. 3000 jyldyng aldynda joghalyp ketken tilin qaytadan qalpyna keltirgen evreyler әlemdik órkeniyetting kósh bastaushysyna ainalyp ýlgerdi. Jaulaushylyqtyn, basqa halyqtardy qúldanudyn, mesheu otarshyldyq sananyng dәureni kelmeske ketkenin әli de týsine almay kele jatqan әlemdegi eki memleket - Qytay men Resey ekeni belgili. Týrki júrtynyng altyn besigine ainalghan Úly dalanyng danqyn asyrghan memleket Altyn Orda ghana edi. Altyn Ordanyng  Euraziyalyq odaqqa ainalyp, bógde júrtqa endi qaytyp  bodan bolmasy anyq, oghan halyq ta, týbi bir, týrki de, tegi bir qandas qauym da kónbes. Qytay men orystyng tabany tiygen jerding bәrinde de, qasiyetti týrki júrtynyng altyn besigi sanalatyn ken-baytaq úly dalasy basqynshylardy, jat júrttyqtardy óz bauyryna tartqan emes, tartpaydy da. Olardyng da mәngilik taban tirep túra almaytynyn tylsym tabighattyng ózi-aq aighaqtap túrmay ma?!.

Ersin NÁSIPÚLY, Memleket tarihy institutynyng ghylymy qyzmetkeri

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