Enbekshiqazaq audanynda ardagerlerding ýlken bas qosuy ótti. Audan әkimi Altay Dosymbaev jinalghan eki jýzden astam adam aldynda júrtqa izgi lebizin bildirip, ótken jyldyng jetistikterin tilge tiyek etip, audannyng alda túrghan mindetterin әngimelep berdi. Oghan toqtalmaymyn. Meni basqa taqyryp qyzyqtyrady.  

Audanda býgingi tanda 350 mynnan astam adam túrady. Múnyng qanshalyqty ýlkendigin mynadan angharugha bolady. Manghystau oblysynda 700 myng adam túrsa búl sonyng tap jartysy degen sóz. Almaty oblysynyng Balqash audanynda 32 myng halyq túrady eken. Al Enbekshiqazaq audanyndaghy tek ardagerlerding sany tap sonday, 32 myn!

Audanda qazaqtan basqa 40-tan astam últtyng ókilderi túrady. Solardyng tatu-tәtti tirshiligining syry nede? Dostyqtyng bastauy qayda jatyr?

1850 jyly búl ónirde qazaqtardan basqa eshkim túrmaytyn. Odan ilkide jýz elu jylday uaqytqa sozylghan jonghar shapqynshylyghy kezinde tek qazaq qoly ghana eshkimning kómeginsiz atamekendi jaudan tazartqan.  Búl ónirding tarihy Almaty, Talghar qalalarymen tyghyz baylanysty.

1854 jyly Qapaldan shyghyp, Týrgen ózenin boylap Esiktige, odan Almatygha jetken mayor Premyshliskiydin  otryadynda 470 orys bolypty. Olar Alataudyng eteginde, ýsh Almaty saghasynda bekinis salar aldynda joghary jaqqa «eginshilik alqaptary men aryqtary kóp Dulattardyng jeri endi bizding enshimizge tiydi» dep raport jazypty. Shynymen de Almaty, Talghar, Esikti óniri ol shaqta Dulattyng Janystarynyng mekeni bolatyn.

Almaty  qonysy ol kezde qazirgi «Gornyy gigant» mekenining ornyna  eken. Ol kezde Almatyny Janys Janaq by degen kisi basqarghan. Kazak-orystar men jergilikti qazaqtardyng arasynda on jylgha juyq qaqtyghystar oryn alyp jatty. Basshylyqqa polkovnik Gerasim Alekseevich Kolpakovskiy kelgen song ghana múnday qaqtyghystar bәsensidi. Ol osy ónirdi mekendeytin Janys, Botbay, Shapyrashty, Ysty, Qanly, Saryýisin, Alban taypalarynyng biylerin shaqyryp, syi-siyapat jasap, dostyq baylanys ornatypty. Keyin aq patshanyng jarlyghymen Almaty – Vernyy atalyp, Talghar –Sofiysk, Esikti –Nadejdinsk dep atalyp otarlau sayasaty kýshine kirgen.

Orystardan keyin búl ónirge aldymen kelgen – tatarlar. 1857 jyly Semeyden 200 týtin tatar otbasy kóship keledi. Olargha Qazyna baghynyng (kazennyy sad) shyghys jaghynan jer beriledi. Ol jer әli kýnge Almatyda Tatarka (tatarskaya slabodka) dep atalady. Olardyng birqatary Esiktige kóship keledi.

1881 jyly Qytay men Resey arasynda Peterburg kelisimi jasalghan song orys әskeri basyp alyp on jyl biylegen Shynjang (Sharqy Týrkistan) ólkesi Qytaygha qaytarylady. Sonyng aldynda Sin imperiyasyna qarsy kóteriliske shyqqan taranshy (ol kezde úighyrlar solay atalghan) jәne dúnghandardyng (músylman dinin qabyldaghan qytaylar) bir bóligi jazalaudan qorqyp Jetisu jerine qonys audarugha rúqsat súraydy. Ol kezde general-gubernator ataghyn alghan  G.A.Klopakovskiy  rúqsat beredi.

Sóitip  1881-1884 jyldar arasynda 9572 otbasy (45373 jan) úighyr,  Byy Yani Hu bastaghan 1147 otbasy (4682 jan) dúnghan Jetisu jerine kóship keledi. Olar qazirgi Jәrkend jerine (Jәrkent bolysy), Úighyr audanyna (Ketmen jәne Aqsu-Sharyn bolystary), Enbekshiqazaq audanynyng Shelek ónirine (Malybay bolysy), Almaty týbine Súltan-qorghan (Qarasu bolysy) qonystandyrylady.

Dúnghandardyng bir bóligi qyrghyz jerine, bir bóligi Qorday manyna, bir bóligi Shelek ónirinde Babatoghan degen jerge túraqtap, kókónis ósirumen ainalysypty. Milyanfan atalghan auyl әli kýnge deyin bar.

Stolypin reaksiyasy kezinde  (1906-1910jj) býkil qazaq jerine, onyng ishinde Enbekshiqazaq audany aumaghyna ukraindarmen qosa qarashekpendiler qaptady.

Kenes ókimeti ornaghan keyingi jyldarda armyan, evrey siyaqty týrli últtardyng ókilderi biren-sarandap kelip jatty. 1937 jyly qyrkýiekte Sovnarkomnyng qaulysymen Qiyr Shyghystan 173 myng kәris Ózbekstan men Qazaqstangha jer audaryldy. Barghan jerinde kýrish ósirumen ainalysty. Sol kәristerding birqatary keyin Enbekshiqazaq audanynan túraq tapty.

1940 jyly 10-sәuirdegi arnayy qauly boyynsha shekaragha jaqyn túrghan  Batys Ukraina men Belorussiyadan  60 mynnan astam polyak Qazaqstangha jer audaryldy. Sóitip polyaktar Enbekshiqazaq audanynda da payda boldy.

1941 jyly 28-tamyzda shygharylghan «Nemisterdi jer audaru turaly» qaulygha sәikes  Edil jaghalauyn mekendeytin 480 myng nemis Qazaqstan men Sibirge jer audaryldy. Olardyng shaghyn bir bóligi Enbekshiqazaq audanynyng kolhozdaryna taratylyp qonystandyryldy.

1944 jyly Stalinning tapsyrmasymen Gýrjistannan aqyska-týrikteri, Kavkazdan cheshender men әzirbayjandar, kýrdter Qazaqstangha jer audaryldy.

Jergilikti qazaq halqy taghdyr aidap kelgen sol últ ókilderining bәrin keng qúshaghyna aldy,  keudesinen iytergen joq, qamqorlyq jasady. Ózderining qiyn jaghdayda ekendigine qaramastan qolynan kelgenshe kómek jasady, bir tilim nanyn bólip jesti. Shynayy dostyqtyng bastauy – qazaq halqynyng dostyq peyili, qazaq halqynyng sabyry, tózimdiligi, toleranttylyghy!

Mine, osylay Enbekshiqazaq audany kóp etnosty audangha ainaldy. Qazir audan halqynyng 60 payyzyn qazaqtar, 18 payyzyn úighyrlar, 13 payyzyn orystar, 5 payyzyn týrikter, 3 payyzdayyn  әzirbayjandar men kýrdter qúraydy. Bәri ortaq Otany ýshin, ortaq Qazaqstany ýshin enbek etip jýr. Kópshiligi memlekettik tilde, qazaq tilinde sayrap túr. Biz olardyng qúrmetin joghary baghalaymyz.

Bizge, qazaq halqy ýshin sondyqtan әrbir úighyr, әrbir týrik, әrbir kәris, әrbir ukraiyn, әrbir әzirbayjan, әrbir kýrd qymbat! «Jana Qazaqstan» – bizding ortaq maqsatymyz! Biz ortaq iygilikterdi birge jasaymyz!  Biz – birgemiz!

Marat Bәidildәúly

Abai.kz