«Qazaq» gazetining últ ruhaniyatyndaghy róli

Bir ghasyr uaqyt artqa sheginip, 1913-1918 jyldardaghy qazaq halqynyng ústanghan sayasaty men negizgi maqsatyn býgingi kýnmen salystyrar bolsaq, aiyrmashylyqtyng ýlken ekenin bayqaymyz. Sol dәuirdegi qazaq halqynyng basty armany – últtyq mәdeniyetimizdi, dinimizdi, ata-baba tarihymyzdy saqtay otyryp, tәuelsiz el bolu edi. Osy iygi maqsat jolynda últ ziyalylary erekshe enbek etti.

Ahmet Baytúrsynúly basshylyq etken «Qazaq» gazeti – últtyq sanany oyatugha baghyttalghan iydeyalar men bastamalardyng altyn dingegi boldy. Búl gazet betterinde qazaq mәdeniyeti men dinin saqtap qalugha arnalghan kóptegen maqalalar jariyalandy. Ahmet Baytúrsynúlynyng alghashqy iri enbekterining biri – arab jazuyna negizdelgen sahih jazu ýlgisin qúrastyruy. Búl jazu týri «Qazaq» gazetinde jii talqylanyp, halyqqa úsynylyp otyrdy. Gazetting «Jazu qúraly» atty túraqty aidarynda jaryq kórgen maqalalar – osynyng aiqyn dәleli. Sonymen qatar, «Qazaq» gazetining betterinde qazaq halqynyng dinge jaqyndyghy men imandylyqqa degen qúrmeti erekshe bayqalady. Gazet arqyly qazaqtan shyqqan din ghalymdarynyng enbekteri jarnamalanyp, halyqty oqugha shaqyrghan habarlandyrular jii jariyalanyp túrdy. Búl derekter qazaq qoghamynda dinge degen yqylastyng joghalmaghanyn, kerisinshe, bilim men din salasynda ilgerileuding bolghanyn dәleldeydi.

1913-1918 jyldar aralyghynda jaryq kórgen diny enbekter mazmúny jaghynan da, manyzdylyghy jaghynan da erekshe qúndy boldy. Islam negizderi boyynsha aqida (senim), fiyqh (sharighat) jәne ahlaq (әdep) syndy taqyryptardyng qamtyluy, sonau qiyn kezenderde de qazaq halqynyng ghasyrlar boyy ústanyp kele jatqan Islam dininen ajyramaghandyghyn kórsetedi. Tariyhqa kóz jýgirtsek, búl enbekter men olardyng «Qazaq» gazeti arqyly halyqqa jetui – qazaq ziyalylarynyng óz halqyna jasaghan ólsheusiz qyzmetining bir kórinisi. Qazir de sol bir ghasyr búrynghy ruhany múralarymyzdan ýirenerimiz kóp.

Tómende «Qazaq» gazetinde 1913-1918 jyldary jarnamalanghan diny enbekter men olardyng mazmúnyna qatysty mәlimetterdi keste týrinde úsynamyz. Búl keste sol zamannyng ruhaniyatyna terenirek ýniluge mýmkindik beredi.

«Qazaq» gazetinde jarnamalanghan diny enbekter tizimi

«Qazaq» gazetindegi diny kitaptardyng jarnamalyq derekteri

Gazette jariyalanghan diny kitaptardyng jarnamalarynda qosymsha aqparat retinde búl kitaptardyng qay sanattaghy oqyrmandargha arnalghany turaly da qysqasha mәlimet berilgen. Alayda múnday aqparat barlyq kitaptargha birdey emes, tek belgili bir enbekterge ghana qatysty berilgen. Búl bólimde qazaq din ghalymdarynyng jazghan enbekterining «Qazaq» gazetinde basylghan jarnamalarynyng birneshe ýlgileri úsynylghan.

Til qúraly – Mektepte 2-shi jyly oqylatyn qazaq tilining sarfy (Qazaq gazeti, № 105. 18 aqpan 1915).

Iman hәm namaz – Bastauysh mektepting ekinshi jylyna arnalghan jana ghylymhal kitaby (Qazaq gazeti, № 105. 18 aqpan 1915).

Iman – Itiqad – Tili taza qazaqsha, imlasy (jazyluy) týzu. Maghynasy usuli-taghlim jaghynan balalardyng angharuyna jatyq. Birinshi ghylymhal kitabynyng jazushysy Jýsip Temirbekov (Qazaq gazeti, № 115. 31 nauryz 1915).

Payghambar zamany – Tili qazaqsha, imlasy «Qazaq» imlasy. Basyluy әdemi. Bastauysh mektepterding songhy jylynda oqytu ýshin arnalyp jazylghan. «Qazaq» imlasymen Álippe jәne Qyraghat tili kitaptaryn oqyghan qazaq balalary ýshin «Payghambar zamany» eng paydaly hәm kerekti kitap. Búl kitap mektep kitaby boluymen birge әr týrkishe tanityn alash azamatynyng alyp oquyna túratyn kitap. Kitapta payghambar aleyhis salamnyng tughanynan ólgenine sheyin bolghan qal-jayy, túrmysy, minezderi týgel jazylghan (Qazaq gazeti, № 130. 22 mamyr 1915).

Qúran qúraly – Búl kitap qazaqsha әlippeni әbden týsinip, oqyp shyqqannan keyin bastauysh ekinshi bólim shәkirtterine Qúran oqu jayyn ýiretetin kitap. Kitaptyng imlasy qazaqsha, jazylu reti usuli-taghlim boyynsha jazylghan (Qazaq gazeti, № 147. 29 tamyz 1915).

Iman – Islam – Bastauysh mektepting 2-shi jyly ýshin qazaqsha ghylymhal basylyp shyqty (Qazaq gazeti, № 159. 1915).

Qorytyndy

XX ghasyrdyng basyndaghy qazaq ziyalylarynyng últ retinde qalyptasu jolyndaghy eren enbekteri óz nәtiyjesin berdi. Sol kezende olardyng Qazaq dalasyndaghy Islam dinin saqtap, damytugha qosqan manyzdy ýlesterin gazet betterindegi derekterden aiqyn angharamyz. Osy qajyrly enbekterding arqasynda býgingi qazaq eli ata-babadan qalghan dәstýrli dinin saqtap, ony odan әri damytuda. Sonymen qatar, jas úrpaqtyng dúrys tәrbie alyp, ruhany qúndylyqtardy boyyna sinirui ýshin ayanbay enbek etu qajet. Qoryta aitqanda, qazaq halqy tek qazirgi uaqytta ghana emes, tarihtan beri Islam dinin tereng týsinip, sharighat qaghidalaryn berik ústanyp kelgenin kóremiz.

Batyrjan Temirhanov

Hadjy Bayram Vely Uniyversiytetining PhD doktoranty

Ankara

Abai.kz