18 shildede qazaq tilindegi «Karavan» saytynda «Ábilqayyr han bola almaghan»: Resey arhiyvine alghash kirgen qazaq tarihshysy adam sengisiz aqparat aitty» degen maqala shyqty. Onda Resey imperiyasynyng syrtqy sayasatynyng arhiyvine alghash kirgen qazaq zertteushisi, professor Bolatbek Nәsenov Ábilqayyr han turaly tyng aqparatpen bólisti.

«Ábilqayyrdy kim óltirdi? Barlyq jerde Baraq súltan deydi. Baraq súltan óltirgen joq, óltirtti. Ony óltirgen arghyn Syrymbet batyr. Maghjan Júmabaevtyng «Batyr Bayan» degen poemasyndaghy ataqty Syrymbet batyr. Óltirgeni dúrys emes biraq, Ábilqayyr qyzghanshaq bolghan. Ekinshiden, ol han bola almaghan. Handyq júmysty onyng bәibishesi Bopay sheshey atqarghan. General gubernator Nepluevting hatyn tauyp aldym. Ol bylay deydi: Ábilqayyr han emes, qaraqshy. Ol han bolugha layyqty emes. Alghashqyda jongharlardy quyp shyghyp, býkil halyqqa jaqty. Biraq qazir qaraqshylyqpen ghana shúghyldanady. Búnyng júmysyn atqaryp jýrgen Bopay sheshey. Sosyn men jazghan bir hatty oqyp qoyypty. Bir uaqytta qamshymen kelip, eki kýzetshimdi eki jaqqa laqtyryp jiberip, kirip kelip, meni qamshynyng astyna aldy. Ýstelding astyna tyghyldym. Sodan suyryp alyp, sabap jatqanda kýzetshilerim arashalap aldy. Ol Qabanbaydan, Bógenbaydan, Shaqshaq Jәnibekten de myqty batyr. Batyr retinde maqtaugha bolady, biraq han retinde emes deydi», - deydi zertteushi.

Zertteushi Ábilqayyr hannyng ólimine qatysty da tyng derekpen bólisti.

«Ekinshi jaghday, Syrymbet batyr Ábilqayyr handy qyzbalyqpen óltirgen siyaqty. Ony óltirgennen keyin kómekshisin qoya berip, Bopay shesheyge ait deydi. Bopayda 7 úl bar eken. Ol: «Esikti jabyndar, osy esikten Ábilqayyrdy Syrymbet batyr óltirdi degen shyqpasyn. Ol bizge masqara. Handy han ghana óltiredi, handy han túqymy ghana jazalaydy. Baraq súltan óltirdi degen ósek taratyndar», - deydi. Sonday әngime taratady. 3 jyl ótkennen keyin Ábilqayyrdyng Eraly degen ekinshi úly Syrymbetti andyp jýredi. Qaru-jaraqsyz jaylaugha ketip bara jatqanynda Syrymbetti, besiktegi balasyn pyshaqpen turap óltiredi. Áyeli qashyp ýlgeredi», - deydi Bolatbek Nәsenov.

Orys-qazaq qarym-qatynasy men qazaq halqynyng Jonghariyamen kýres tarihyn, jalpy 18 ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysyndaghy Qazaqstan tarihyn zerttegen birde-bir ghalym Ábilqayyr hannyng túlghasynan attap óte almaydy. Biraq osy uaqytqa deyin ghylymy әdebiyetterde Qazaq dalasynyng jana biyleushileri әuletining negizin qalaushynyng ómiri men qyzmetine arnalghan monografiyalyq zertteuler bolghan joq.

Han Ábilqayyrdyng túlghasyn jan-jaqty zerttegen túlgha – qazaqtyng ataqty ghalym-tarihshysy I. V. Erofeeva. Onyng arqasynda KSRO-nyng ydyrauymen, tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng qúryluymen jәne qazirgi qazaq tarihnamasynyng Ábilqayyr hannyng túlghasy men onyng jýrgizgen sayasatyna degen kózqarastarynyng ózgeruimen aiqyndalghan, han Ábilqayyr siyaqty kýrdeli de qayshylyqty túlgha býginde erekshe qyzyghushylyq tudyrdy. Basqasha aitqanda, tarihtyng kópten beri zerttelgen sipatyn, onyng ómir sýrgen uaqytyn, onyng ishki jәne syrtqy baghytynyng saldaryn taldaugha jýginu býginde taghy da ózekti ghylymy mәselege ainalyp otyr.

Kishi jýz hany Ábilqayyrdyng HVIII ghasyrdyng 20-shy jyldarynyng ayaghy, 30-shy jyldarynyng basyndaghy Reseymen jaqyndasuynyng uәjderin jan-jaqty jәne dәleldi týrde týsindirui avtordyng dausyz enbegining biri. Ábilqayyr Reseyden daladaghy biyligin nyghaytugha, dalany syrtqy shapqynshylyqtardan qorghaugha, sharuashylyq pen saudany damytugha naqty kómek kórsetuge qabiletti kýsh kórdi.

Qazaqstannyng Reseyge qosyluy turaly qazirgi qazaqstandyq tarihnamada túnghysh ret IY.V.Erofeeva Ábilqayyrdyng Reseyge baghdarlanuyndaghy «bashqúrt faktorynyn» rólin ashty, Ábilqayyrdyng qalmaqtyng sayasy jaghdayyna yqpal etkenin kórsetti, onyng zamandasy han Angka Reseyding azamaty bolghan kezde ózin tәuelsiz biyleushi retinde ústady.

Erofeeva qazaq qoghamynyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq sipatyn, onyng potestik-sayasy úiymdastyghyn taldaugha, qazaq jýzderindegi ishki sayasy jaghdaydy, olardyng kórshi eldermen jәne eng aldymen Reseymen qarym-qatynasynyng erekshelikterin qarastyrugha kóp kónil bóldi.

Keshendi kózqaras zertteuge ýlken ghylymy mәn berdi, Ábilqayyrdyng erekshe túlghasyn terenirek ashugha, onyng is-әreketi men is-әreketining sebep-saldarlyq baylanystaryn keng ishki jәne syrtqy sayasy astarly týrde anyqtaugha, ol jýrgizgen sayasattyng maqsat-mindetterin kórsetuge mýmkindik berdi.

Erofeeva kóptegen qújattardy zerttey kele, «ózining qaytalanbas intellektualdyq daryny, kýshti erik-jigeri, strategiyalyq josparlarynyng úlylyghy jәne ishki jәne syrtqy sayasy qyzmetinde qol jetkizgen iri nәtiyjeleri boyynsha Ábilqayyr qazaq halqynyng eng kórnekti biyleushilerining qataryna jatady» degen qorytyndygha keldi.

Handar men súltandardyn, sonyng ishinde Ábilqayyrdyng biyligi Shynghyshan úrpaqtaryna jatatyn kósemderding biyligi, olardyng biyligining beriktigi, tuystyq baylanysy, baylyghy, jeke biyligi boldy. Avtordyng sózsiz enbegi – Ábilqayyrdyng ómir jolyn mysalgha ala otyryp, kóshpeli qoghamdardaghy sayasy elitanyng qalyptasu prosesin tamasha surettep bergen. Bir qyzyghy, Erofeeva Nepluevting Ábilqayyrmen qaqtyghystaghy ústanymyna jәne tútastay alghanda onyng monografiya betterinde qatygez jәne dóreki otarlaushy retinde kóringen birinshi Orynbor gubernatorynyng qyzmetine kýrt teris bagha berdi.

Qazaqtardyng reseylik protektoratqa kóshu ýderisine bastamashy bolghan Ábilqayyr onyng Qazaqstandaghy biyligin nyghaytu jolyndaghy әreketine Reseyding tiyimdi qoldauyna sendi. Nepluev Ábilqayyrdyng qolyna biylikting shoghyrlanuyn Resey mýddesi ýshin qauipti dep eseptep, oghan qarsy salmaq retinde Ábilqayyrdyng Orta jýz súltany Baraq siyaqty qarsylastaryn qoldady. Reseyding memleket qayratkeri jәne diplomaty, Qazaqstandaghy qatal baghytty jaqtaushy Nepluevting Ábilqayyrdyng antyna adaldyghyna kýmәndanugha tolyq negiz bar edi.

1731 jyly 10 qazanda Kishi jýzding qazaq aqsaqaldarynyng kezdesuinde Ábilqayyr han, Býkenbay, Eset, Qúday-Nazar jәne taghy Kishi jýzding 27 basqa qazaq feodaldary Reseyge erikti týrde qosylu turaly qújatqa qol qoydy.

Ábilqayyr han osynday sayasy qadamy arqyly soltýstik kórshisining әskery kýshterin jonghargha qarsy qondy kózdedi jәne onyng kómegimen barlyq qazaqtardy jonghar basqynshylarynan qútqaramyn degen oiy boldy. Múnyng syrtynda ol óz handyq biyligin nyghaytudy da oilady. Ábilqayyr ortalyqtandyrylghan qazaq memleketining qúryluy tek qazaq halqyna aman-esen ómir sýruge kómektesetinin jaqsy bildi. Biraq, Resey sayasaty Kishi jýzding hany - Ábilqayyr hannyng myqty biyligine qarsy baghyttalghan edi.

Soghan qaramastan, Ábilqayyr han qazaqtyng jalpy últtyq mýddelerinen shyqqan jәne tughan halqyna tynysh jәne beybit ómir sýrudi qamtamasyz etuge tyrysty. Ábilqayyr hannyng sayasy jәne strategiyalyq tandauy kez-kelgen iri sayasy jәne memleket qayratkeri ýshin kýrdeli halyqaralyq sayasy jaghdaydy uaqytynda qozghaltu, tútastay aqyldy jәne konstruktivti geosayasatty jәne tútastay alghanda sayasatty jýrgizu, dostar men odaqtastar tabu ýshin qanshalyqty manyzdy ekendigin taghy da dәleldeydi.

Al býgingi kýni bizding elimiz, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti Q-J. K. Toqaev jaqyn jәne alys shet elderge qatysty aqyldy jәne konstruktivti sayasat jýrgizip keledi. Eng aldymen Reseymen baylanysymyzdy abaylap jýrgizuge tyrysady. Yaghni, Kishi jýzding Ábilqayyr hanynyng ómirlik josparyn Memleket basshysy jýzege asyryp jýr.

Osylaysha, Kishi jýzding Ábilqayyr hany HÝIII ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysyndaghy úly memlekettik jәne sayasy qazaq qayratkeri. Ol bizding Qazaqstanymyzdyng býgingi ómir sýruining negizin qalady. HÝIII ghasyrdaghy kýrdeli jәne qatal kezende óz halqynyng jәne elining bolashaq damuyna strategiyalyq, sayasy jәne adamdyq tandau jasay bildi. Sol ýshin de Ábilqayyr hannyng tarihiy-sayasy beynesine ýlken qúrmetpen qaraugha tiyispiz!

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

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