Úly suretker Ghabit Mýsirepovtyng әigili «Úlpan» romany HH ghasyrdaghy qazaq әdebiyetinde әiel taqyrybyna jazylghan keng auqymdy, kóp qatparly túghyrnamalyq shygharma. Búl tuyndy san ghasyrlyq auyz әdebiyetin aitpaghanda, jazba әdebiyetimizdegi M.Dulatovtyng «Baqytsyz Jamal», J.Aymauytovtyng «Aqbilek», M.Júmabaevtyng «Sholpannyng kýnәsy», B.Maylinning «Shúghanyng belgisi», M.Áuezovtyng «Qorghansyzdyng kýni», «Ghaziza», sonymen birge, «Abay joly» epopeyasyndaghy býtindey bir әielder galereyasyn birge aitqanda, odan keyingi úzaq jyldardan song jazylghan, taqyryby qazaq elindegi on toghyzynshy ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy tarihi, sayasy kýrdeli oqighalardy qamtyghan biregey tuyndy.

«Úlpan» Resey imperiyasynyng qol astyndaghy qazaq dalasynda patshalyq biylik tarapynan bastalghan әkimshilik, aumaqtyq reformalardyng belsendi jýrgizilip jatqan kezendi qamtidy. Ákimshilik qúrylymnyng ózgeruimen birge sharuashylyq erekshelikter, tirshilik kózi, qoghamdyq qatynastardyng ózge jana dengeyge auysu ýrdisi beleng alghan edi. Ishki Reseyden krepostnoylyqtan bosaghan sharualardyng jappay kóshirilui, olargha qazaq jerining bólinip berilu әreketteri belsendi qolgha alynghan.

Reformalar nәtiyjesinde handyq jýiening joyyluy, jerlerding alynuy saldarynan búrynghy ýirenshikti kenistikting taryluy, qalalardyng ornyghyp, sauda-sattyqtyng enui kóshpeli ómir saltynan ajyramaghan elding dәstýrli tirshiligine eleuli әserin tiygizip jatqan. Dese de, myndaghan jyldar boyynda qalyptasqan ejelgi salt-dәstýrinen arylmaghan qauym keleshekting qalay bolarynan beyqam kýide sol әdettegi ómir jolymen jýrip jatty. Handyq jýiening joyyluyna kónbey, Patshalyq resey tarapynan jýrgizilip jatqan ózgeristerge qarsy Kenesary bastaghan kóterilisting qarqyn alghan túsy da sol. «Úlpan» romanynyng sujetinde osynau irgeli oqighalar tikeley bolmasa da  qamtylghan, keyipkerlerding ómiri, is-әreketi sol ýrdistermen tikeley baylanysty.

Romannyng basty keyipkeri Úlpan kóshpeli dәuirding songhy batyrlarynyng biri – Artyqbaydyng jalghyz qyzy. Sondyqtan da bolar, ol bala kezinen ýy tirshiligine, әkesining isterine aralasyp erkin ósedi. Alayda, әli de qaymaghy búzylmaghan ejelgi salt yrymdardan búl da attap óte almay, qalyng maldyng qúrbany boludyng az-aq aldynda túrghan. Dәl osy sәtte onyng ataqty by Eseneyge tap boluy, alpystaghy qart biyding on segizdegi Úlpandy әieldikke aluy jas әielding ómirin mýlde basqa arnagha búrady. Atastyrghan búzaqy, abyroysyz júrtynan góri әkesimen jasty qart adamgha, biraq baylyghy mol, yqpaly zor jangha kýieuge shyghuy әriyne jas ta súlu qyzdyng jeteyin degen armany deuge kelmes, biraq qart әke-sheshesi men ózi az, әri kedey aghayyn-júrtynyng keleshegin oilaudan tughan sharasyzdyq sheshim túghyn.  Mýgedek qartang batyrdyng jastayynan batyl ósken kórikti qyzy ózining baghasyn da biledi. Sondyqtan onyng Eseneyge kelisim berer aldynda «qymbatqa týsemin» deuining de ar jaghynda ýlken oilar men tilekter jatqan. Onysy qalyng malynyng qymbattyghy emes, ataqty, biraq qartayghan biyge әiel bolyp barghannan keyingi alar ornynyng mәni men manyzdylyghy bolatyn. Osylaysha, óz basyn qúrbandyqqa shala otyryp, tóniregindegi jýdeu júrttyng qamy ýshin jalyndy janyn túmshalap belin bughan jas әiel aqyl-oyyna, kóregendigine say kóp úzamay oiyna týigen, kózdegen maqsattaryn retimen, jónimen jýzege asyrugha kiristi.

En  aldymen barghan elinde eki úly birdey sheshekten qaytys bolghannan keyin bәibishesinen jeti jyl boyy bólek túratyn Eseneyding malyn baghyp, otymen kirip, kýlimen shyghyp jýrgen әbden tozyghy jetken, iring kóz balalaryn jetektep kelgen, ózderi de kedeylikting auyr kebin kiygen kәri-jas kempir- kelinshekterdin, jýdegen júrttyng súraghanyn berip, mynghyrghan maldan ondaghan jyldar boyy ala almaghan enshilerin taratyp berip túrmystaryn týzeuine qamqorlyq jasady. Kóshpeli dәuirde bay-qútandar manayyndaghy eldi jútatpay ózderimen birge jarylqady degen pikirding shyndyqqa say kele bermegenin osydan kóruge bolady. Úlpan osylaysha әieldik tabighatyna say qamqorlyq, janashyrlyq sezimnen tuyndaytyn qylyghymen uaqyt óte kele býtindey bir elding arqa sýier túlghasyna, jiyrma bes jasqa jetpey bәibishe degen qúrmetti ataqqa ie boldy. El basqarudaghy úzaq uaqyttaghy kemshilikterin, Úlpannyng keluimen ornaghan ózgeristerding mәnin anyq sezingen qartang by endigi biylikti jas әielge tolyqtay ótkerip, oghan barynsha erkindik bergen. Aldymen aghayyn-auyl ortasyndaghy, odan song rular arasyndaghy bitpeytin dau-damaylardy rettep, keyinnen patshalyq biylikting resmy ókilderimen shekara, әkimshilik mәseleleri jónindegi sayasy mәndegi kelissózder jýrgizuge deyin dәrejesi jetip, olardyng ózimen sanasuyna deyin kóterilgen Úlpannyng esimi endigi auyl arasy ghana emes,  alys aimaqtargha da estilip moyyndala bastaydy. Qojyq tәrizdi el tonaumen ainalysyp, qaramaghynda Kenesary qolynan qalghan jýzdegen sarbazy bar qaraqshyny talqandaudyng auqymdy әreketine de әiel basymen Úlpan úiytqy bola bildi.

Kýieui Eseneyding naghashylary kishi jýzdegi әigili Syrym batyrdyng búghan jiyen retinde bala kezinde syilaghan kisesin endigi kәri biyden keyin múragerlik etetin úly bolmaytyndyghyn týsingen son, jәdigerdi batyrdyng úrpaghyna qaytaryp beruding abyroyly isin de Úlpan ózi atqarady. Ataqty Syrym batyrdyng otanyna el birligin, úlys jaqyndyghy dәripteytin úlaghatty mazmúndaghy sapary ol jaqtaghy qalyng júrttyng erekshe yqylasyna ie bolyp, batyrgha beriletin auqymdy asqa úlasuy, jiyen kelinning tikken bәigeleri ataghynyng dýrkirep taraluy Úlpannyng rólin úlys dengeyine kóterdi deuimiz lazym. Demek, Úlpannyng qazaq tarihynda alar orny da airyqsha. Ol qatardaghy qazaq әieli emes - el ishinde, úlys arasynda ýlken bedelge, biyik mәrtebege, qayratkerlik dәrejege kóterilgen túlgha. Kishi jýz halqy Úlpannyng atymen ýlken bir kóldi atauy, keyinnen sol kólding janynan ótken Orynbor-Tashkent temirjolynyng qazirgi uaqytta Oral oblysyndaghy stansiyasy «Úlpan» ataluy onyng tarihy adam ekendigining naqty dәleli.

Realistik suretker Gh.Mýsirepovtyng tanymal tuyndysynyng ómirde bolghan әigili keyipkeri Úlpan – sózimizding basynda atalghan qazaq әdebiyetindegi әiel taqyrybyn arqau etken shygharmalar keyipkerlerinen qoghamdyq, әleumettik jәne tarihy túrghydan barynsha joghary túr. Búghan deyingi geroylardyng basym bóligi túrmys-tirshiliktin, әdet-ghúryptyn, eskilik-nadandyqtyng jazyqsyz qúrbandary qatarynda bayandaldy. Úlpan ghasyrlar toghysyndaghy, órkeniyetter qaqtyghysy kezenindegi kýrdeli zamanda ómir sýrip, búrynghy dәuirding endigi kelmeske ketkendigin týisinip, jana zamannyng útymdy, paydaly jaqtaryn eline, júrtyna týsindirip engize bildi. Onyng yqpalymen jergilikti adamdardyng qystyq ýiler, monsha saluy, jer iygerui, egin sharuashylyghymen, saudamen ainalysugha bet búruy – keyipkerding naghyz refrormatorlyq rólin aiqyndaydy. Ókinishke oray, osynau qayratker, bedeldi jannyng ózi jalghyzdyghynan eski dәstýr-qúrylymnyng irgesin búza almaghan kýiinde ainalasyndaghy qaranghy toptyn, tipti eng jaqyn tuystarynyng nadandyq zúlymdyghynyng erte qúrbanyna ainaldy. Roman epilogynda avtor úzaq jyldardan keyin Úlpannyng basyna qoyylghan qabir tasynyng marqúmnyng aty jazylghan synyqtaryn monsha peshinen kórgen asa bir kelensiz, súmdyq jaytty jasyrmay aitady. Osynday ókinishti oqighalardan kenestik zamandaghy otyzynshy jyldardyng oirany býtindey bir úlystyng tabighy tirshilik jýiesin joimen birge tarihy jadysyn joq qylugha tayanghanyn janymyz sezinip týrshigemiz, ondaydyng qaytalanbauyna bekiymiz.

Búl orayda Qyrghyz halqynyng ataqty әiel túlghasy Qúrmanjan Datqanyng esimi eske týsedi. Kýieui Álimbek Datqa dúshpan qolynan qaza tapqan song onyng biyligin әri qaray ózi jýrgizgen Qúrmanjannyng Alay padishaghy atanuy tarihtan mәlim. El-júrtynyng amandyghy ýshin otarlyqqa qarsy kýresken eki úlynyng birdey patshalyq biylikting qúrbany bolghanyn qaymyqpay ensere alghan kemenger әiel bosqa qan tógudi bolghyzbay, otarlyqtyng sózsiz zardabyna tótep bere otyryp halqynyng tynyshtyghy men býtindigin qamtamasyz etip toqsannan asqan jasqa deyin ózi de úzaq jasaghan erekshe jan. Ayta keterligi Qúrmanjan Datqanyng esimi men qyzmeti, tarihtaghy orny býgingi Qyrghyzstanda airyqsha baghalanyp, múrajayy ashylyp, memlekettik, últtyq iydeologiyanyng ajyramas bóligine ainalghan.

Bizding oiymyzsha, úly qalamgerding әigili tuyndysyna ózek bolghan Úlpan Artyqbayqyzynyng qazaq halqynyng tarihyndaghy alar orny eng aldymen ol tuyp ósken aimaqta, jalpy qoghamdyq dengeyde, ghylymy ortalarda qayta saralanyp, janasha baghalanyp eldik auqymda layyqty baghalanuy – býgingi úrpaqtyng paryzy.

Múhtar Kәribay,

diplomat, publisist

Osh qalasy

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