E.TANBAEVA. Azghyrdaghy on jeti yadrolyq jarylys
..AZGhYR SYNAQ ALANY QÚRMANGhAZY AUDANYNDAGhY AZGhYR SELOSY MANYNDA ShYGhYS JÁNE BATYS TÚZ QABATTARYNDA ORNALASQAN.
-Múnda 1966-1979 jyldary Resey Federalidy Yadrolyq ortalyghyna qarasty ontýstik seysmikalyq ekspedisiyasy jerasty 17 yadrolyq jarylys jasaghan,- deydi audannyng bas ekology Yuriy Lyaliyn. -Jarylys 600-1000 mm diametrli búrghymen 165 metrden 1500 metr terendikte jasalyp, yadrolyq quat kýshi 10-25 trotili kilotonnasyna teng dәrejede bolghan. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde kólemi 1,2 million tekshe metr toghyz jerasty quysy payda bolghan. Yaghni, A-2 alanynda 7 yadrolyq jarylys jasalghan. A-9 alanynda sýzgi tәrizdes, diametri 600 metr, terendigi 35 metr shúnqyr payda bolyp, ol keyinnen qar - janbyr sularymen tolyp qaldy. Onda jinalghan su kólemi 20 myng tekshe metrdi qúraydy.
- Semeydegi sekildi Azghyrdaghy jarylysty kórdik dep adamdar aitpaydy ghoy.
- Sezbegen deuge bolmaydy, ras barlyq jarylys jabyq jerasty kýiinde jasaldy. Paydalanylghan izotoptar - seziy 137, stronsiy 90, plutoniy 239,240.
- Jalpy júrtshylyqqa ayan bolghany elimiz yadrolyq qarudan bas tartqan song ghana sekildi.
..AZGhYR SYNAQ ALANY QÚRMANGhAZY AUDANYNDAGhY AZGhYR SELOSY MANYNDA ShYGhYS JÁNE BATYS TÚZ QABATTARYNDA ORNALASQAN.
-Múnda 1966-1979 jyldary Resey Federalidy Yadrolyq ortalyghyna qarasty ontýstik seysmikalyq ekspedisiyasy jerasty 17 yadrolyq jarylys jasaghan,- deydi audannyng bas ekology Yuriy Lyaliyn. -Jarylys 600-1000 mm diametrli búrghymen 165 metrden 1500 metr terendikte jasalyp, yadrolyq quat kýshi 10-25 trotili kilotonnasyna teng dәrejede bolghan. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde kólemi 1,2 million tekshe metr toghyz jerasty quysy payda bolghan. Yaghni, A-2 alanynda 7 yadrolyq jarylys jasalghan. A-9 alanynda sýzgi tәrizdes, diametri 600 metr, terendigi 35 metr shúnqyr payda bolyp, ol keyinnen qar - janbyr sularymen tolyp qaldy. Onda jinalghan su kólemi 20 myng tekshe metrdi qúraydy.
- Semeydegi sekildi Azghyrdaghy jarylysty kórdik dep adamdar aitpaydy ghoy.
- Sezbegen deuge bolmaydy, ras barlyq jarylys jabyq jerasty kýiinde jasaldy. Paydalanylghan izotoptar - seziy 137, stronsiy 90, plutoniy 239,240.
- Jalpy júrtshylyqqa ayan bolghany elimiz yadrolyq qarudan bas tartqan song ghana sekildi.
- 1995 jyly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Yadrolyq qarudan óz erkimen bas tartqannan keyin Azghyr synaq alany jabylyp, onda tabighatqa kelgen zalaldy qalpyna keltiru ýshin ony Últtyq Yadrolyq ortalyqqa bergen. Sondyqtan Ýkimetting qaulysymen «Galiyt» obektisinen bosaghan 300 gektar jer oblystyng qosalqy jer qúramyna 25 jylgha berilgen jәne oghan jergilikti túrghyndardy radiasiyalyq qauipti aimaqtargha jibermeuge baqylau jasau tapsyrylghan. Últtyq Yadrolyq ortalyqqa radioekologiyalyq jәne radiasiyalyq monitoring jýrgizu tapsyrylghan.
- Osy ortalyqtyng qyzmetining auyz toltyryp aitar nәtiyjeleri bar ma?
- Atalmysh mindet jýktelgen Últtyq Yadrolyq ortalyq ózining enshiles «Yadrolyq fizika instituty» memlekettik kәsiporny negizinde Azghyr ghylymiy-óndiristik radioekologiyalyq ekspedisiyasyn qúryp, radioekologiyalyq jәne radiasiyalyq monitoring jýrgizip keledi. Búrynghy Azghyr synaq alanynda 10 tehnologiyalyq alang bar. 2001 jyly oblys budjetinen 5,9 million tenge qarajat bólinip, oghan 3000 kilogramm lastanghan topyraq kómilip, barlyq tehnologiyalyq alandardyng sanitarlyq baqylau qorshaulary jýrgizildi. A-2, A-3, A-5, A-10 alandary 4 sektorgha bólingen.
- Olardyng qyzmet ayasy týsinikti boldy, al ýkimetting 2003 jylghy ókimimen qúrylghan vedomstvoaralyq júmys toby ne istep jatyr?
- Azghyr jәne Kapustin Yar synaq alandarynyng әserine úshyraghan Atyrau jәne Batys Qazaqstan oblystarynyng aumaqtaryna keshendi zertteu ýshin qúrylghan vedomstvoaralyq júmys toby da biraz sharalardy jýzege asyryp jatyr. Búrynghy Azghyr synaq alanyna ekologiyalyq monitoring jýrgizu ýshin respublikalyq budjetten 15 million tenge qarajat bólindi. Tabighatty zerttep, ekologiyalyq monitoring jýrgizu ýshin zerttelu aimaghynyng geografiyalyq koordinattary men reperlik nýkteleri anyqtalyp, belgilendi.
- Azghyr alanynyng reperlik nýktelerin atay alasyz ba?
- Búrynghy Azghyr synaq alanynyng epiysentrine Azghyr, Asan, Ýshtaghan, Batyrbek, Balqúdyq, Qonyrterek jәne Sýiindik eldi mekenderi kiredi. Ýshtaghan eldi mekeninde reperlik nýkte mektep ýii, Asan eldi mekeninde de mektep ýii, Batyrbekte selo ortalyghy, Sýiindikte meshit ýii, Azghyr selosynda búrghylau múnarasy, Balqúdyq selosynda selolyq mәdeniyet ýii jәne Qonyrterekte selo ortalyghy bolyp belgilengen. Tehnologiyalyq alandardyng reperlik nýktelerine búrghylar kiredi. Aqbúqa eldi mekeninde Qúbashev Mekteshting ýii, Jәrtik nýktesinde Dospolov Núrbolattyng jazghy jaylau orny, Shegendi eldi mekeninde Jolamanov Kәkimning jaylauy reperlik nýkte bolyp belgilendi. Anyqtalghan reperlik nýktelerding geografiyalyq koordinattary «Stalker» nemese «GPS» qúraldary arqyly anyqtaldy.
- Odan ary qarayghy zertteu jayy qalay boldy?
-Búl jerlerden azimut boyynsha soltýstik, ontýstik, batys jәne shyghys baghyttary boyynsha jәne tehnologiyalyq alandarda ortalyq reperlik nýkte búrghydan soltýstik - 200 metr, ontýstik - 60 m., batys - 30 m., shyghys 90 metr qashyqtyqta 0-5 sm, 5-10 sm jәne 10-20 sm terendikten 1000 gramnan topyraq alynyp, onyng qúramyndaghy auyr metaldardy anyqtau ýshin zerthanagha - Almaty qalasyna jiberiledi. Topyraq qúramy gamma-sektrometr pribory arqyly anyqtalady.
Sonymen qatar, tehnologiyalyq alandardaghy anomalidy nýktelerden de topyraq alynyp, onyng qúramy zertteledi. Topyraq alu kezinde 3 sm., 100 sm. biyiktikte ekvivalenttik doza quatynyng dengeyi belgilenedi. Alynghan topyraq polietiylen paketterge jәne qapshyqtargha salynyp, temir jol qatynasy arqyly zerthanagha joldanady.
Tehnologiyalyq alandardy radiometrlik zertteu SRP 68 radiometr-doziymetri arqyly ay sayyn jýrgizilip, taldanady. Árbir ekspedisiya qyzmetkerine jeke doziymetr berilip, olardyng dozalyq qabyldauy ólshenedi.
Alayda, jasyratyny joq, zertteu ýstirt jýrgizilude.
Búl aimaqta 10 myngha juyq halyq túrady. Mәselen, Sýiindik eldi mekenining ózinde 3,5 myng túrghyn bar. Zertteu jýrgizuge su qúramy atalmysh selo, eldi mekenderdegi Maer, Shәkki, Búlaq, Aqbúqa jәne A-9 alanyndaghy kólderden alynady. Su 5 litrlik bótelkege qúiylyp, sýziledi jәne oghan azot qyshqyly (jetkenshe borsyp ketpeui ýshin) aralastyrylady. Zerthana jaghdayynda onyng himiyalyq, bakteriologiyalyq jәne gamma-spektrometrlik qúramdaryna taldau jasalady. Sudyng himiyalyq qúramyndaghy magniy, kalisiy, litiy, niykeli, beriliy rúqsat etilgen shekti normadan artyq. Búl, әriyne, radiasiyagha qatysty emes, sudyng tabighy qúramyna baylanysty. Su qúramynda miyneraldyq, organikalyq qosylystardyng rúqsat etilgen shekti normadan asyp ketui túrghyndar arasynda týrli asqazan-ishek, qan-jýrek tamyrlary, osteohondroz aurularynyng kóptep kezdesuine әkelip soqtyruda. Sondyqtan kýni býgin ózekti mәsele - Azghyr óniri túrghyndaryn taza auyz sumen qamtu bolyp otyr.
E.TANBAEVA
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