Songhy kezderi shet elderden elge oralushy qandastarymyzdyng sany jyl sanap azayyp bara jatqany jóninde mәlimetter búl salanyng keybir sheshilui tiyis mәselelerining qordalanyp qalghandyghynan habar bergendey. Tәuelsizdik alghan uaqyttan beri shet elderdegi qandastardyng otangha at basyn búruy sol qandastarymyz ýshin de, olardy qúshaq jaya qarsy alghan elimiz ýshin de tiyimdi shara bolghanyn kópshilik moyyndary sózsiz. Degenmen, úzaq jyldar boyghy arman-maqsattardyng nәtiyjesi bolghan ata qonysqa oraludyng songhy kezderi sayabyr tartuy kónilge kýdik úyalatady. Búl kóshting ýdeuding ornyna sayabyrlauy shet eldegi qandastardyng elge kóp oraluynan emes ekendigi barshagha ayan. Dýniyejýzi qazaqtary qauymdastyghy Tóraghasynyng birinshi orynbasary T.Mamashevtyng mәlimdeuinshe,  ótken 20 jyl ishinde 300 myngha juyq otbasy Atajúrtqa oralyp, búrynnan keregesi ken, býginde ózgelermen terezesi teng tәuelsiz elimizding halqy 1 millionnan astam qandastarymyzben tolyqty (www.kazaktar.kz/makala/32-makala/216-2011-09-19-02-36-41.html). Alayda, qazaq eli siyaqty joghaltqany kóp memleket ýshin shetten kelgen bir million qandastar mәselening sheshilgenin bildirmeydi. Ásirese, qazaqtar ýshin ómir sýru últtyq mýdde túrghysynan qolaysyz elderden qandastardy kóshiru mәselesi eng ózekti memlekettik baghytqa ainaluy tiyis.  Sonymen qatar, endi elge oralghan qandastarymyzdyng óz eline kirigip, sinisip ketuine qatysty mәseleler tuyndauda, múndaghy eng basty nazar audaratyn jayt olardyng jana ortagha beyimdelui, ata-babasynan beri ainalysyp kele jatqan mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysu ýshin qajet jerge qol jetkizui bolyp otyr. Elge oralghan qandastarymyzdyng arasynan jana jerge túraqtamay qayta qaytu siyaqty jayttardyng kezdesip jatuy әli de jyly ornynan qozghalmaghan shet eldegi qandastardyng oiynyng san saqqa jýgirip, kóship keluge batyl qadam jasaudan bas tartuyna septigin tiygizip jatqany da jasyryn emes. Kezinde úrpaghyn saqtap qalu ýshin ózderi bilmeytin elderge bas saughalap kóship, asharshylyqty da, joqshylyqty da, әrtýrli basqynshylyqty da bastan ótkergen batyr qazaqtyng úrpaghy ýshin óz elinde kezdesetin keybir qiynshylyqtargha  bola ata júrtqa oralu armanynan bas tartu bolashaq úrpaq aldyndaghy ýlken kýnә ekendigin ómirin qazaghym dep ótkergen abyz aqsaqal Jaghda Babalyqúly jii aityp otyratyn edi. Ol býkil qazaq ata mekenge birikken kezde ghana Qazaqstan shyn mәninde qazaq memleketi bola alatynyn, qazaqtardyng birigui tek memleketting kómegine sýienu arqyly emes «qazaq iydeyasy» negizinde jýzege asyryluy tiyis ekendigin, qazaqtyng derbes, eshkimning kómeginsiz elge qaytuy ýshin olardyng auylsharuashylghymen ainalysuyna qajet jerdi memlekettik rezrvten beru qajettigin algha tartty. Jaghda Babalyqúly qazaqtyng elge kóshui tek memlekettik kvotagha baylanyp qalmauy qajet, qazaqtar mýmkindiginshe óz eline keluding san týrli joldaryn qarastyryp, úrpaqty qazaq arasyna qosudy basty maqsat etip qongy tiyis degen ústanymda boldy. Abyz atamyz býkil qazaqty bir tu astyna biriktiruge qarsy bolghandardy osyndaghy bolsyn, iә bolmasa syrttaghy qazaqtar bolsyn satqyn dep ataghan bolatyn.

Oralmandar kimder, olardyng barlyghy derlik keshegi kenestik ýkimet túsynda shetke qashqan baylar men bas kóterushilerding úrpaghy ma degen súraqqa jauap izder bolsaq, eng aldymen tarihy derekterge sýienu qajet bolar. Qazaqtardyng shet el auyp bas saughalauyna kenestik sayasattyng tikeley yqpaly bolghandyghyn, janyn saqtap qalu maqsatynda qazaqtardyng kórshiles memeleketterge ýdere kóship barghanymen sol jerlerding túrghylyqty halqynyng olardy bauyryna baspaq týgili esiginen syghalatpaghany saldarynan qonys audarushylardyng kópshiligining myn-myndap ózge elde kómusiz qalghanyn kópshiligimiz bilemiz. Al barghan jerlerinde janyn saqtap qalghan qazaqtyng kóbining sol jerlerde sandaghan ghasyr boyy meken etken qazaqtargha qosylyp, solargha arqa sýiep el bolghanynan kópshilik habardar emes. Býginderi oralman dese keshegi qashqyndardyng úrpaghy dep qaraytyn zamandastarymyz sol kórshiles Qytay, Mongholiya, Ózbekstan, Resey, Qyrghyzstan, Týrkimenstan jerlerinde qazaqtardyng kenester biyligi ornamastan búryn da meken etkenin bile bermeydi, sonyng saldarynan da shetten kelgen qandastargha qatysty ýstirt pikirler tuyndap jatady. Osy taqyrypta qalam terbep jýrgen avtorlardyng biri M.Isahan «demografiya ghylymy boyynsha óz elinen ózge jerlerge qonys audarghan shashyranqy nemese top bolyp otyrghan etnostordy diaspora dep ataytyn bolsaq, al irredent dep ózge memlekette túrghanmen, ózining tarihi  atamekeninde otyrghan últ shoghyryn aitamyz. Endeshe ózining bayyrghy ata qonysynda otyrghan Reseyding Astrahani, Saratov, Orynbor, Samara, Chelyabi, Qorghan, Omby oblystarymen birge, Tauly Altaydaghy Qosaghash audanyn meken etken qazaqtar diaspora emes, irredent bolyp tabylady» degen pikir bildirgen edi (Múhan Isahan. Reseyde Qosaghash degen jerim bar! | Abai.kz ...abai.kz/node/6972).

Qazaq oqyghandarynyng arasynan alghashqylardyng biri bolyp K. Asanov qazaq halqyn qyrghyngha úshyratyp, toz-tozyn shygharyp sanyn ósirmegen kompartiyagha qatysty ashyq pikir bildirip, kenestik sayasattyng qazaqty jarylqamaghanyn jariya etken bolatyn (K.Asanov Suverennosti ily samostoyatelinaya gosudarstvennosti? Gazeta Alash №2, iini 1990). Tәuelsizdik alghan uaqyttan beri qazaq tarihshylary búryndary kópshilik ýshin qúpiya bolyp kelgen jaylardy ghylymy ainalymgha engizip, kenestik dәuir tarihyn janasha kózqaraspen zertteu ýstinde. AQSh múraghat materialdarymen júmys isteu arqyly jana mәlimetterdi ózining enbegine arqau etken B.Ayaghan kenestik biylik ornaghan uaqyttan songhy kezende qolyndaghy barynan airylyp ashtyq qúrsauynda qalghan qalghan qazaqtardyng әlimjettik jasap, jergilikti halyqtyng ereksheligin eskermesten qisynsyz sayasat jýrgizgen qyzyldargha qarsy bolyp, óz mýddelerin qorghau maqsatynda jer-jerde bas kótergendigin algha tartady.  Avtor 1929-1932 jyldary qazaq dalasynda 400-den astam bas kóterulerding oryn alghanyn, olardyng kópshiligin qyzyldardyng әskeri ayausyz qyryp-joyghanyn, keybir bólikterining jan saughalap kórshiles memleketter aumaghyna ótkenin, onda auyp barghan qazaqtardyng kópshiligining bóten elding bosaghasynda ashtan qyrylghanyn, qanghyp qalghan qazaqtardyng keybirin qyzyldardyng keri qaytaryp kolhozgha júmys jasaugha mәjbýrlegenin naqty derekterge sýiene otyryp bayandaydy (qaranyz: B.Ayagan. Krasnye y chernye. Almaty, 2005, 24-31 better). Qazaq sharualarynyng qolyndaghy malyn jergilikti halyqtyng erekshelikterin eskermesten  ishki reseydegi újymdastyru nysanyna say kolhozdastyru,  iri ónerkәsip oryndary men әskery mekemelerge azyq etip dayarlap beru saldarynan mal basynyng azayyp qazaq halqy 1931-1933 jyldary asharshylyqqa úshyraghany jayly belgili ghalym T.Omarbekovtyng enbekterinen tolymdy mәlimet alugha bolady. Múraghat derekterine sýiene otyryp túshymdy pikir bere bilgen avtordyng payymdauynsha 1931-1933 jyldary ashtan jәne osydan tuyndaghan júqpaly aurulardan ólgen qazaq sany 2 mln. 277 myng adam. Osy avtordyng bergen mәlimetine say újymdastyru jyldary shet elderge qonys audaryp sonda ornyghyp qalghan qazaqtyng sany 120 mynday bolghan eken. T.Omarbekov qytay qazaqtarynyng tórtten birining ghana Kenester Odaghynan bas saughalap kóship barghandar ekendigine de toqtalyp ótken (qaranyz: T.Omarbekov. «Qazaqtar shybynday qyrylyp jatyr» Egemen Qazaqstan, 13.07.1991j. 4-bet; T.Omarbekov «Qazaq nege shybynday qyryldy» Egemen Qazaqstan, 01.08.1992 j. 5-bet).

Jalpy shet elderdegi qandas bauyrlardy elge qaytaru mәselesi elimiz tәuelsizdik alghan tústarda kóterile bastady, sol kezderi halyq arasynda ýlken bedelge ie bolghan azamattyq Azat qozghalysynyng qayratkerleri de shet eldegi qandastar taghdyryna alandaushylyq bildirip óz taraptarynan úsynystar jasaghan bolatyn. Solardyng biri Maqash Tәtimov alghash ret «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng kóshi-qony  turaly» migrasiya zanynyng jobasyn jasap Azat gazetining 1991  jylghy qyrkýiektegi №16 sanyna jariyalaghan edi. Osy zang jobasynyng mәtininde ol egemendi Qazaqstangha ózining ata mekeni retinde shet elden birjola kóship kelgen repatrianttardy «maytabandar» dep ataudy úsynghan bolatyn. Degenmen, búl úsynys elimizding kóshi-qon salasyndaghy zannamagha engizilgen joq. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng qoldanystaghy kóshi-qon zannamasy 1990 jyldardyng basy men ortasynda qalyptasa bastady. Sol jyldary osy saladaghy negizgi zannamalyq aktiler qabyldandy. 1991 jylghy jeltoqsanda «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamattyghy turaly» Zan, 1992 jyly «Kóshi-qon turaly» Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Zany qabyldandy.  13 jeltoqsan 1997 jyly qabyldanghan «Halyqtyng kóshi-qony turaly»  zanyna sәikes alghash ret repatriant (oralman) úghymy resmy ainalymgha engizilgen bolatyn.  2002 jyly "Halyqtyng kóshi-qon" turaly Zanyna ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizilip, onda oralman atauy zandaghy "repatriant" termiynimen qosarlanbay derbes qoldanylady, әri jana týsinik, anyqtama beriledi. Ol anyqtama tómendegidey: "oralmandar" - Qazaqstan Respublikasy egemendigin alghan kezde onyng sheginen tys jerlerde túraqty túrghan jәne Qazaqstan Respublikasyna túraqty túru maqsatynda kelgen últy qazaq sheteldikter nemese azamattyghy joq adamdar. 22 shilde 2011 jyly qabyldanghan  № 477-IV ZRK «Halyqtyng kóshi qony turaly» zangha sәikes, oralman - Qazaqstan Respublikasy egemendigin alghan kezde onyng sheginen tys jerlerde túraqty túrghan, balalarynyng últy qazaq jәne Qazaqstan Respublikasy egemendigin alghan kezde onyng sheginen tys jerlerde tughan jәne túraqty túrghan, Qazaqstan Respublikasyna óz tarihy Otanynda túraqty túru maqsatynda kelgen jәne osy zangha sәikes belgilengen tәrtipte sәikes mәrtebege ie bolghan etnikalyq qazaq. Songhy núsqadaghy oralman týsinigi qazaqtan ózgening oralman mәrtebesine ie bolmaytyndyghyn taghy da naqtylay týsken, biraq, anyqtama kónilge qonymdy bolsa da sol oralman atauyna qatysty pikirler әli de bolsa osy ataudy  qayta qarastyrudyng qajettigin kórsetedi. Oralman atauyna qatysty osy uaqytqa deyin baspasóz betterinde jariyalanghan materialdardan, internette jaryq kórgen pikirlerden týiindeytin basty pikir - «oralman» atauynyng shet elden kelgen bauyrlarymyzgha mýldem únamaytyndyghy, sonymen qatar, osy ataumen tek kenestik rejimnen bas saughalap shet el asqan qazaqtardyng úrpaqtarynyng baylanystyryluy. Jalpy, alghanda resmy ainalymdaghy osy terminning sol sanatqa jatatyn adamdardyng kónilinen shyqpauy ony ózgertuding qajettigine menzeydi. Sebebi, әrkimning ózining kónilinen shyghatyn ataudy iyelenuge qúqyghy bar emes pe? Tipti, jeke túlghalardyng eseye kele ózine únamaytyn, óz namysyna tiyetin esimin ózgertuge absolutti qúqyghy bar. Al búl jerde tek jekelegen adamdar turasynda emes jalpy qoghamnyng bir bóligining qalauy jayly sóz qozghalyp otyr. Osy mәseleni eskerip, memlekettik biylikting búl ataugha balama tabuy tiyis. Osy uaqytqa deyin shet elden oralghan qandastar ózderine qatysty  «qandastar», «bauyrlastar», «elge oralghan bauyrlar» siyaqty sózderdi qoldanudy úsyndy.  Biraq, oralman atauy resmy ainalymda da, qoghamda da berik ornyghyp, osy ataugha qatysty aitylghan syny pikirler qaperge alynbauda. Bizding pikirimizshe, oralman atauyna baylanysty әli de bolsa ornyn auystyrar jaqsy atau tabugha bolatynday. Mysaly, biz «atalas» sózin  úsynghymyz keledi. Sebebi, oralman sózi belgili bir toptyng qúqyqtyq mәrtebesin aiqyndaghanymen, halyq arasynda әsirese, qandas qazaqtar arasynda bólinushilik sezimine iytermeleytin úghymgha ainalyp ýlgerdi. Oralman sózi qandas qazaqtardyng birligin, tuystyghyn oigha salmaydy, tek elge oralghan adamdardyng qúqyqtyq mәrtebesin aiqyndaydy. Múnyng ózi psihologiyalyq túrghydan elge oralghan qandas bauyrlargha elge kelushiler, kezinde elden ketip qalyp qayta oralghan adamdar siyaqty kózqarasty qalyptastyrady. Búl túrghydan alghanda ataudyng ózi qazaqtardy biriktiretin, bir-birine bauyrlastyq sezimin tudyratyn sóz bolghany jón sekildi. Shetten kelgen qandastardyng jaqynda belgili bir әnshining oralmannyng tauyghy jayly aitqan әngimesine qatysty pikirlerin oqyp otyryp kózimning jetkeni, qandastarymyzdyng oralman atauyna namystanatyndyqtary, oralman sózin qabyldamaytyndyqtary (www.serke.org/node/247?page=1). Múnyng ózi bizderdi oigha jeteleui tiyis, yaghny oralman atauynan bas tartyp «atalas» sózin (bolmasa basqa bir útymdy sózdi) resmy ainalymgha engizu qajet. Múndaghy basty maqsat qandas tuys qazaqtardy jaqyndastyru, olardyng bólinushiligine tosqauyl bolu. Taghy bir mәn beretin jayt terminning aitugha onay, qúlaqqa jaghymdy boluy, yaghny jalpy qazaqstandyq azamattar ýshin  aityluy qiyn bolmaytyn, jaqsy oigha jeteleytin sóz boluy shart. Atalas sózi qargha tamyrly qazaqtyng barlyghynyng bir atadan taraghandyghyn, bir-birine bauyr, tuys ekendigin bildiretin termin sózge ainala alady degen pikirdemin.

Songhy jyldary elimiz tәuelsizdik alyp ensemiz kóteriluimen qatar qazaqtyng ózine ghana tәn keybir jaghymsyz sipattary da damy týsude. Osynyng eng bastylary jýzge bólinu, rugha bólinu, jerlesshildik desem qatelespegen bolar edim. Ústazym S.Ózbekúly «HHI ghasyrgha ayaq basqan Qazaq halqynyng sanasynda siresip túrghan rushyldyq pen jýzge bólinu elimizding bolashaghyna, onyng órkeniyettilikke kóteriluine tosqauyl jәne núqsan keltiretin ruhany dert bolyp túr» dep qazaq ziyalylary arasyndaghy jýzshildik pen rushyldyq jayly ashyna jazghan edi (Sәken Ózbekúly. Rushyldyq hәm qazaq ziyalylary | Abai.kz ). Onsyz da rushyldyq dertinen aryla almay otyrghan qazaq júrty ýshin ózara oralmandar men jergilikti qazaqtar bolyp bólinuding qajeti shamaly. Qazirgi kezde últtyng basyn biriktiretin jalpy qazaqtyq iydeologiyanyng joqtyghy da últtyq naqty mәselede útymdy sheshimderding qabyldanbauyna negiz boluda. Búl rette Abay tilimen aitqanda «Birindi qazaq biring dos, kórmeseng isting bәri bos» bolyp túr.

Qazaqtardyng basyn búrynghydan da biriktiretin, olardyng ózara kiriguin qamtamasyz etetin últtyq baspasóz ekendigine eshkim shýbә keltire qoymas. Desek te, keyingi kezderi últtyq baspasózde oqyghan, toqyghan qazaq azamattary shetten kelgen qandas turasynda әrtýrli maqala jariyalap, halyq arasynda belgili bir pikirding qalyptasuyna septigin tiygizip jýr.  Jariyalanghan maqalany oqityn halyqtyng barlyghynyng birdey naqty mәselege qatysty ózindik ústanymy bolady desek qateleser edik, sәikesinshe, osynday maqalalar halyqtyng keybir bóliginde avtordyng oilaryna úqsas pikirlerding tuyndauyna sebep bola alady. Ekinshi aqpan 2012 jyly Egemen Qazaqstan gazetinde  Seyfolla Shayynghazynyng «Óz elinde ózi qonaq bolghysy keletin oralman aghayyndardyng oilaghandary ne?» atty maqalasy jaryq kórdi, oghan jauap retinde qanshama maqala jariyalanyp ýlgerdi.  Al, 16 aqpan 2012 jyly J.Shәkenning «Aqsýiek pen qúl hәm oralmandar» atty maqalasy internette jariyalandy. Avtorlardyng jazghandaryna qarap otyryp olardyng eng basty mәseleni, qazaq birligi iydeyasyn esten shygharyp alghandyghyn ókinishpen aitugha bolady. Áriyne, qazir demokratiya zamany, әrkimning óz pikirin derbes bildiruge qúqyghy bar, degenmen, qazirgidey jalpyqazaqtyq iydeologiya qalyptasa qoymaghan tústa osynday maqala jazu arqyly qogham ishinde әrtýrli pikirlerding tuuyna múryndyq boludyng ózi ýlken qatelik deuge bolady. Mening aitqym kelgeni qazaqty qazaqtan basqa eshkimning dәl ózindey qabyldap, dәl ózindey jaqsy kóre almaytyndyghy, al qazaqtyng ishinde de keybir jaghymsyz elementterding boluy tabighy zandylyq. Aramyzda kezdesetin sol azshylyq ýshin jalpy qazaqqa topyraq shashugha bolmas, osy túrghydan alghanda jergilikti bolsyn, shetten kelgen bolsyn jazghyshtar ózderining basynda jýrgen, biraq, baspasózde jariyalau artyqtyq etetin pikirlerin algha tartpay-aq qoyghany abzal bolar edi.

Jalpy alghanda, qandas bauyrlardyng shet elden ata mekenge oraluy últymyzdyng óz elinde kópshilikke ainalyp, ana tilimizding qoldanys ayasynyng kenuine septigin tiyigzdi. Kóp qorqytady, tereng batyrady demekshi, qazaq sanynyng óz elinde arta týsui últ ýshin tek jaqsylyqqa bastar jol ghana. Uaqyt óte kele san jaghynan óse týsken últymyzdyng tili, dili, dini basymdyqqa ie bolyp, ózge qazaqstandyqtar ýshin qazaqtar agha últ dәrejesine kóterileri sózsiz. Osy túrghydan alghanda qazaq sanynyng ósui bizder ýshin auaday qajet, sondyqtan úly kóshting toqtalmauy ýshin memleket te, әrbir qazaq ta óz ýlesin qosuy shart. Shettegi qazaq arasynda ýgit-nasihat jýrgizip, olardyng elge qaytuyna yqpal jasau, elge kelgen qazaqqa jyly shyray tanytyp, onyng óz eline kelgenin sezdiru jýregi qazaq dep soqqan azamattardyng qasiyetti  mindeti. Kezinde Stalin qughyngha úshyratyp, ash-jalanash qalpynda qazaq dalasyna әkelip tastaghan japa shegushi últtardy bauyryna tartyp, ózining auzyndaghysyn jyryp bergen bauyrmal qazaq ýshin shet jerde ógeylik kórip, ózim dep kelgen qandas tuystargha ong qabaq tanytu qiyngha soqpasy aiqyn. Osy jerden sózimizdi tamamdap, oiymyzdy ómirin «qazaq iydeyasyna» arnaghan, kezinde el basqarghan, qazaqtyng ata mekenge úly kóshin úiymdastyrghan, kózi júmylghansha qazaqtyng qasmyn oilaghan abyz Jaghda atamyzdyng amanat sózimen qorytyndylaghymyz keledi, «Sender, yaghny kelgen úrpaq qansha qiyndyq kórsender de senderding balalaryng osynda ósedi, osynda tәrbie alady, olardyng keleshegi jarqyn bolady, ertendi oilasandar elge qaytyndar!».

«Abay-aqparat»