Kenester imperiyasynyng shanyraghy shayqalyp, ortasyna týse bastaghan jyldary bagha ósimi sezildi. Ol kezde halyq naryq daghdarysy degennen beyhabar edi. Kóbi aldyn ala azyq-týlik qoryn, basqa da saqtanu sharalaryn jasamaghan. Sondyqtan jana ýidi ansap, eski ýilerin satqandar qoldaryndaghy qarajatqa qaytyp baspana ala almay qaldy. Osylay kólikterinen, maldarynan, basqa da mýlikterinen aiyrylyp, jylap qalghandar jeterlik. Auyl júrty ay sayyn bir qoyyn satyp, ún alyp otyrdy. Qandastarymyzdyng basym bóligi osylay malynan aiyryldy. Qaladaghylar da qatty qinaldy. Qysqasy, el tozyp ketti. Mine, daghdarys degen osy.

Atalghan jyldary qymbatshylyqtyng oryn aluynyng ózindik sebebi bar. KSRO memleketi kýirep, halyq dalada qalghanday kýy keshti. Odaq shenberinde ghana jasalghan ekonomika etpetinen qúlady. Syrttan keletin tauar joldary qalyptaspaghan bolatyn. Sondyqtan tapshylyq qymbatshylyqty tudyrdy.

Al qazir she? Memlekettik basqaru jýiesi myghym. Onda nege «qymbatshylyq qúbyjyghy» elimizdi kezip jýr? Ol «qúbyjyq» kórshi elderding yghyna jyghyludan, ishtegi sybaylastyqtan payda bolyp otyrghanday.

Qytaydyng kesiri me?

Kenester imperiyasynyng shanyraghy shayqalyp, ortasyna týse bastaghan jyldary bagha ósimi sezildi. Ol kezde halyq naryq daghdarysy degennen beyhabar edi. Kóbi aldyn ala azyq-týlik qoryn, basqa da saqtanu sharalaryn jasamaghan. Sondyqtan jana ýidi ansap, eski ýilerin satqandar qoldaryndaghy qarajatqa qaytyp baspana ala almay qaldy. Osylay kólikterinen, maldarynan, basqa da mýlikterinen aiyrylyp, jylap qalghandar jeterlik. Auyl júrty ay sayyn bir qoyyn satyp, ún alyp otyrdy. Qandastarymyzdyng basym bóligi osylay malynan aiyryldy. Qaladaghylar da qatty qinaldy. Qysqasy, el tozyp ketti. Mine, daghdarys degen osy.

Atalghan jyldary qymbatshylyqtyng oryn aluynyng ózindik sebebi bar. KSRO memleketi kýirep, halyq dalada qalghanday kýy keshti. Odaq shenberinde ghana jasalghan ekonomika etpetinen qúlady. Syrttan keletin tauar joldary qalyptaspaghan bolatyn. Sondyqtan tapshylyq qymbatshylyqty tudyrdy.

Al qazir she? Memlekettik basqaru jýiesi myghym. Onda nege «qymbatshylyq qúbyjyghy» elimizdi kezip jýr? Ol «qúbyjyq» kórshi elderding yghyna jyghyludan, ishtegi sybaylastyqtan payda bolyp otyrghanday.

Qytaydyng kesiri me?

Qymbatshylyqtyng aldyn aludyng bir joly - otandyq ónim óndiru. Kez kelgen jerde óndirilgen ónim shetten kelgen tauardan arzan boluy tiyis. Sebebi syrttan kelgen tauar qúnyna jol shyghyny, keden salyghy, satushynyng paydasy qosylady. Oghan qaraghanda otandyq ónim arzan boluy tiyis. Bizde kerisinshe. Óitkeni ekonomikalyq jýie solay jasalghan. Sondyqtan elde dayyndalghan zattan Qytaydan kelgen tauar baghasy tómen bolady. Múny biylikting ózi aityp, týrli sharalardy qolgha alghanymen, paydaly әreketter jasalmauda. Osyghan qarap «Paydaly әreketterding qolgha alynbauyna Qytay jaghy yqpal jasap otyr ma? Atalmysh memleketke Qazaqstannyng tútynushy kýide otyrghany tiyimdi» degen oy keledi.

Bagha ósimi kimge paydaly?

Elimizdegi iri kompaniyalar men seriktestikterding jәne bankterding biylik basyndaghylargha qatysy bar ekeni jii aitylady. Sol kólenkedegi qojayyndar quat kózderining qúlaghyn ústaghan sybaylastaryna elektr, su sekildi quat kózderining qúnyn kótertetin siyaqty. Sóitip quat kózderining qymbattaghany turaly mәlimetti Monopoliyany retteu agenttigi bastyghynyng aldyna tartyp, onyng kelisimin alatynday. Degenmen, bagha ósimining jasandy ekendigin Monopoliyany retteu agenttigining bastyghy da biletin shyghar.

Keybireuler búl arada «energiya baghasyn kótertetin bolsa, ónimdi qymbattatqanmen, payda joq» der. Payda bar. Mysaly, energiya kózining qúny 10 payyzgha kóterilse, kәsipker ónimdi 20-30 payyzgha qymbattatady.

Qymbatshylyqtan qazyna qútqara ma?

Múnan song qymbatshylyq arqyly qazynadaghy qarjyny molyraq alatyndar bar. Biylik soghan ózderi mýmkindik jasap beretindey. Mәselen, resmy Astana tender bastalardyng sәl-aq aldynda, yaghny 1 qantardan bastap zeynetaqyny azdap kóteredi. Sodan song el ishinde baghanyng «qan qysymy» ózdiginen jogharylay beredi. Múnan keyin mәslihattarda memlekettik tapsyrystargha eseptelgen qarjy jayy qaralady. Sonda key deputattar: «Ou, bәrining qymbattap jatqanyn kórip otyrmyz. Myna ghimaratty salatyn kompaniya júmysty bastaghansha, materialdar, enbekaqy qymbattap ketedi. Múndaghy eseptelgen qarjy jetpey, qúrylys jarty jolda toqtap qaluy mýmkin. Júmystyng qarqyndy jýrui ýshin beriletin qarjy kólemin arttyrayyq», - demey me? Oghan ózge әriptesterining bәri qoldau bildiredi. Óitkeni, qalghandarynyng jol salatyn, qúbyr tartatyn kompaniyalary bar. Yaghni, kәsipker-deputattardyng kýni bir-birine týsip túr.

Qymbatshylyqty jeleuletken deputattar joba qúnyna 5-10 myng tenge qostyrtpaytyny aidan anyq. Qúny 500 million tengelik jobalargha 50 million tenge qostyrtsa, qúny 1 milliard tengelik jobalargha 100 million tengeni qostyrtpay ma?

Osy tústa myna mysaldy tilge tiyek ete ketsek: inflyasiya aghymyna oray 1 qantardan bastap tómengi zeynetaqygha 1444 tenge, bazalyq zeynetaqygha 720 tenge qosylghan. Al inflyasiya aghymyn jeleuletken ýlken kisiler joba qúnyna 50, 100 million tenge qosyp alsa, iri jobalar qúnyna milliardtardy jamap alady. Ayyrmashylyq aspan men jerdey emes pe? Mine, bizding elde qymbatshylyq osy ýshin qoldan jasalatyngha úqsaydy.

«Saqaldy qúrylysqa» kim mýddeli?

Jogharydaghy milliondaghan qarjyny ebin tauyp alghan keybireuler tenderden útyp alghan nysandaryn uaqytynda bitirmeydi. Búl jóninde bizge aty-jónin ataghysy kelmegen bir audan әkimining orynbasary myna qúpiyanyng betin ashty. Ol: «Kóp seriktestikter qúrylysty uaqytynda әdeyi tolyq bitirmeydi. Keyin seriktestik tóraghasy qymbatshylyq saldarynan qarjy jetpey qalghanyn algha tartady. Mәsele mәslihatta qaralyp, saqaldy qúrylysqa jan bitiru ýshin qayta qarjy bólinedi», - deydi. Deputattardyng toqtaghan júmysqa qan jýgirtui ýshin bolmashy qarjy bólip qana qoymaytyny belgili. Sondyqtan seriktestik esep-shotyna milliondaghan tengeler audarylady.

Osyghan úqsas bir mysal keltireyik, 17 mausym kýni Densaulyq saqtau ministri Salidat Qayyrbekova ýkimetting selektorlyq otyrysynda premier-ministrge 2017 jyly ayaqtalatyn «100 auruhana» baghdarlamasyna qosymsha 210 milliard tenge qarjy qajet ekenin algha tarsa, keyinnen: «Elbasy mindettegen 350 medisinalyq mekemening qúrylysyn 2015 jyly tәmamdau da josparda bar, biraq taghy sol qarjy mәselesi qolbaylau bolyp túr, 70 milliard tenge jetpeydi», - degen. Onyng búl sózi memlekettik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynyng keybirinde jariyalandy.

Sonda baghdarlamany ayaqtau ýshin 210 milliard tenge súralsa, ózge qúrylystar ýshin 70 milliard tenge qajet ekeni aityldy. Atalghan qúrylystar arasynda endi bastalatyn nysandar da bar. Olardyng irgetasy qúiylghan son, júmysy jarty jolda toqtap, seriktestikter qayta qarjy súramasyna kim kepil?

«Daghdarys kele jatyr» degen sózding astarynda ne bar?

Maqala basynda daghdarys kezinde barynan aiyrylghan, jylaghan, tozghan el turaly aittyq. Biz ýshin daghdarys sol sekildi azap pen ýrey. Al qazir «Habar» arnasynan janalyq kórip otyrsan, key Astanadaghy kókelerimiz «Daghdarys kele jatyr» dep qoyyp qalady. Zәremiz zәr týbine jetedi. Ómirden týnilip kete jazdaymyz. Aqordadaghy kisiler osy sózdi birneshe jyldan beri aitudy әdetke ainaldyryp aldy. Ony 2009 jyly alghash estigenimde qorqyp qalghan men «qalay bolar eken?» dep biraz uaqyt oilap jýrdim. Uaqyt óte kele jaghdaydyng qatty ózgermegenin týsinip, kónilim ornyna týsedi. Sóitsem, búl әdeyi aitylatyn siyaqty. 2009 jyly «daghdarys kele jatyr» degen sózden keyin biyliktegiler ekinshi dengeydegi bankterdi aman alyp qalu, olargha kómektesu mәselesin qarastyrdy. Kóp úzamay «Samúryq-Qazyna» qoryna 1 trln. 88 mlrd.tenge aqsha bólindi. Onyng 716 mlrd. tengesi bankterge jiberilgen. Al «BTA», «Aliyans bank», «Qazkommersbank» pen «Halyq bankke» 476 mlrd. tenge salyndy.

Au, biylik daghdarys kele jatsa, birinshi halyqtyng jaghdayyn oilamay ma?! Batpan qúiryqtyng ýstinde otyrghan bankterge jany ashyghany qay sasqany? Bank iyesi sazgha otyryp, jalanayaq qalyp, tentirep ketti degendi eshqashan estigen emespiz. Álgindey tirlikten song biylik basyndaghylardyng bankterge shynynda da qatysy bar-au degen oy miyma ózinen-ózi keledi. Onday oidyng sanama keluine men kinәli emes shygharmyn.

Qymbatshylyq bankke qalay paydaly?

Búdan keyin telearnalardaghy janalyqta «AQSh-tan inflyasiyanyng iyisi shyqty» degen aqpar aitylsa boldy, erteninen týstegi janalyqta biyliktegiler daghdarysqa qarsy shara jasap, qarjy bólu mәselesin qarastyryp jýrgenin estiysin. Arada birer ay ótken song telearnadan ýlken kókelerding biri: «AQSh-taghy daghdarys ótti. Onyng «siklony» bizdi de sharpuy mýmkin edi. Biraq qolgha alynghan sharalardyng arqasynda daghdarys bizdi ainalyp ótti» degen sekildi sózdi estiymiz. Múny estigen keybireulerding kóz aldyna Qazaqstannyng baytaq jeri elestep, bir súmdyqtyng elimizding ishine kire almay, shekaranyng jiyegimen jaghalay ainalyp ketkeni jónindegi qúbylys kólbendeydi.

Áu basta qarjynyng bankterdi aman alyp qalu ýshin bólingenin aittyq. Songhy kezderi qazynadaghy qarjylar bankterge basqa amalmen bólinip jatyr. Mәselen, múny Ýkimet «shaghyn kәsipkerlikti damytu, túrghyn ýidi kóbeytu, әleumettik mәselelerdi sheshu ýshin atqaryluda» dep týsindirude. Biylikting búl әreketi ózderining Aqordada myzghymay otyra beretininen senuden qalghanyn kórsetetin siyaqty. Olar basshysy qashqan Qyrghyzstan men key arab elderindegi jaghdaydan song qorqyp qalghanday. Ózderining de bir kýnde elden qashugha mәjbýr boluynyng mýmkin ekenin oilaytynday. Onday jaghdayda qazynadaghy bar qarjyny birden alyp kete almauy da mýmkin. Sol ýshin qazynadaghyny syrtqa týrli joldarmen jantalasyp shygharyp jatqanday.

Alayda bankterge qarjy berilgende memlekettik aqparat qúraldarynan: «Elimizdegi daghdarysqa qarsy jýrgiziletin baghdarlamalardyng halyq iygiligine qyzmet etuin Qazaqstan ýkimeti nazarda ústauda», - degen aqparat taratady. Bankter halyq iygiligine qyzmet etkeni bylay túrsyn, qymbatshylyqtyng ýdeuine óz ýlesin qosatyny týsinikti.

Óitkeni atalmysh qarjy oryndary kәsipkerlerge baghyttalghan nesiyeni 20 payyzben beredi. Demek, kәsipker ónimining baghasy da 20 payyzgha kóteriledi. Ónim qymbattaghan son, Qazaqstanda ómir sýru qúny da artady.

Osylay elimizde memleket tarapynan atqarylyp jatqan ózge de tirlikter elimizde tek qymbatshylyqtyng ýdeui ýshin júmys istep otyrghanyn kórsetedi. Áytpese, Astanadaghy shen-shekpendilerding bagha ósimining aldyn alugha shamasy bar.

Kileng ekonomister shoshqa taghalap jýr me?

Olay deytinim, ministrliktegilerding kóbisining mamandyghy ekonomist. Mәselen, Kәrim Mәsimov ekonomist jәne ekonomika ghylymdarynyng doktory. Orynbasary Qayrat Kelimbetov Qazaq memlekettik basqaru akademiyasy janyndaghy Naryq institutyn tәmamdaghan. Odan keyin Qarjy ministri Bolat Jәmishev te sol mamandyqtyng iyesi. Ekonomikalyq damu jәne sauda ministri Baqytjan Saghyntaevtyng da iygergen bilimi - ekonomist. Múnay jәne gaz ministri Sauat Mynbaev ta M.n.Lomonosov atyndaghy uniyversiytetti ekonomist-kiybernetik mamandyghy boyynsha bitirgen. Ol azday, ekonomika ghylymynyng kandidaty degen darday ataghy bar. Enbek jәne halyqty әleumettik qorghau ministri Gýlshara Ábdihalyqova da ekonomist jәne ekonomika ghylymdarynyng kandidaty. Qorghanys ministrimiz Ádilbek Jaqsybekov bolsa, 1977 jyly Býkilodaqtyq memlekettik kiynematografiya institutynyng ekonomika fakulitetin bitirgen. Ekonomika ghylymdarynyng kandidaty.

Tipti bizde qorshaghan ortany qorghau ministri Núrlan Qapparov ta ekonomist. Al búdan ózge sol salanyng maytalmanyna ainalghan ministrler bar. Premierding orynbasary Serik Ahmetov - ekonomika ghylymdarynyng doktory.

Erbol Orynbaev ekonomikalyq sayasat basqarmasynyng bastyghy qyzmetin atqarghan. Al Industriya jәne jana tehnologiyalar ministri Áset IYsekeshev 2009 jyly Industriya jәne sauda ministri bolghan.

Asyljyn Mamytbekov Qostanay oblystyq Qazynashylyq basqarmasynyng qúlaghyn ústaghan. Ekonomikalyq integrasiya isteri jónindegi ministri Janar Aytjanova bolsa búryn Ekonomikalyq damu jәne sauda ministri oryntaghynda otyrghan. Býgingi qyzmeti de ekonomikanyng eng ózekti pernesi.

Mineki, ýkimetting ózinde ekonomikanyng jiligin shaghyp, mayyn ishken on ýsh lauazym iyesi otyr. Búlardyng jandarynda da qanshama ekonomister jәne doktor men kandidat degen ataqtaryna «mas» bolyp jýrgender bar. Onda elimizde qalaysha qymbatshylyq «isinip» barady? Bagha ósimi - biyliktegi key ashkózderding qomaghay niyetinen tuyndaghan jasandy әreket.

Halyqtyng qanday mәselede de kóshege shyghyp, narazylyq bildirui qiyn. Biraq biylik júrttyng basqagha tózse de, qymbatshylyqqa shydamaytynyn bilmey otyrghan siyaqty. Endeshe kóterilgen mәseleni de rettegen abzal.

Sabyrjan

BAYBOSYNOV

«Obshestvennaya pozisiya»

(proekt «DAT» № 17 (145) 25 sәuir 2012 jyl