Synaqtardan keyingi synaq: zang zamangha say boluy kerek
«Semey yadrolyq synaq poligony turaly» Zangha zamangha say ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizgen jón». Múnday úsynysty Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng әkimi Berdibek Saparbaev mәlimdep otyr. Jalpy, әkim myrzanyng mәlimdeuinshe, halyq qalaulylary osydan túp-tura 20 jyl búryn qabyldanghan atalmysh zangha ózindik ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizuge ynghay bildirui kerek. «Sebebi qoldanystaghy zang kónerip qalghaly qashan!»
«Semey yadrolyq synaq poligony turaly» Zangha zamangha say ózgerister men tolyqtyrular engizgen jón». Múnday úsynysty Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng әkimi Berdibek Saparbaev mәlimdep otyr. Jalpy, әkim myrzanyng mәlimdeuinshe, halyq qalaulylary osydan túp-tura 20 jyl búryn qabyldanghan atalmysh zangha ózindik ózgertuler men tolyqtyrular engizuge ynghay bildirui kerek. «Sebebi qoldanystaghy zang kónerip qalghaly qashan!»
Sonday-aq atalmysh zangha qatysty poligon aumaqtaryn sauyqtyru maqsatynda yadrolyq synaq bolghan ónirlerde ekstremaldy turisterding sayahatyn úiymdastyru jayy da sóz boldy. Búghan qatysty «ekzotika men shym-shytyryq oqighalargha, qaupi joghary aimaqtargha bas tigip sayahattaudy qalaytyn sayahatshylargha Semey poligony aimaghyn zertteu tym qyzyqty, sondyqtan poligon aimaqtarynda ekstremaldy turizmnin órkendeuine jol beru kerek» degen mamandar da tabyldy. Áriyne, búghan deyin «Semey yadrolyq poligon aimaqtarynyng 95 payyzyn halyq sharuashylyghyna paydalanugha beruge bolatyny» jayly mәsele kóterilgende biraz dau-damay tuyndaghan-dy. Aqyry ghalymdarymyz bar, memlekettik organ ókilderi bar, «búl mәseleni memlekettik túrghyda zertteu kerek» dep baryp, aptyghymyz basylghan-dy. Endigi kezekte poligon aimaghynda ekstremaldy turizm salasyn órkendetu jayy sóz boluda. Al búl ýrdisting keleshegi qanshalyqty ýmitti? Yadrolyq poligon aimaghyn zertteude múnday tәsilderdi paydalanu qanshalyqty tiyimdi?
Derek pen dәiek
Negizinen, derekke jýginsek, Semey yadrolyq poligonynda birinshi jarylys 1949 jylghy 29 tamyzda, songhysy 1989 jylghy 19 qazanda boldy. Osy jyldar ishinde poligonda 470 atom synaghy jýrgizilip, sol kezderde 606 yadrolyq jarylys, onyng ishinde әuede - 90, jer betinde - 26, jer astynda 354 jarylys jýrgizildi. Olardyng jinaqtalghan trotildik balamasy 17,7 megatonna boldy (!) Jer betindegi jәne әuedegi yadrolyq jarylystargha arnalghan qarular 1963 jylgha deyin shygharyldy.
Áue men jer betinde jýrgizilgen 55 jarylystyng radioaktivti búlttary jәne jerasty jarylystarynyng 69 gaz fraksiyasy poligon sheginen tys jerlerge tarady. Dәl osy 124 jarylys Qazaqstan aumaghynyng shyghys bóligin radiasiyamen lastady. Poligonda yadrolyq jarylystan basqa, himiyalyq jarylys zattaryn qoldana otyryp, 175 jarylys jýrgizildi. Songhy zaryad 1995 jylghy 31 mamyrda hiymiyalyq jaru әdisimen joyyldy. Jalpy, poligonnyng aumaghy 18,54 myng sharshy shaqyrymdy alyp jatyr jәne 39 payyzyn - Pavlodar oblysy, 54 payyzyn - Shyghys Qazaqstan óniri jәne 7 payyzyn Qaraghandy oblysy iyelengen. Búghan qatysty sarapshylardyng baghalauy boyynsha, «Semey poligony manayyndaghy radiasiyagha úshyraghan jerlerding normagha kelui ýshin keminde 300 jyl kerek»...
Qasiretting buy tarqaghan joq...
Sóitip, Semey poligony aimaqtaryn jalpy qoldanysqa beruge, ol aimaqtarda óndiris oshaqtaryn qúrugha, auyl sharuashylyghyn órkendetuge, aimaqty zertteu maqsatynda turisterdi tetikke qosugha mýlde qarsy qauym «Semey jerindegi qasiretting buy әli tarqaghan joq, sondyqtan múnday úsynystardy qoldaudyng mýlde qajeti joq» desti.
Hakim SUERBAEV, himiya ghylymynyng doktory, professor:
- Ghylymy derekterge jýginsek, plutoniy-240 izotoptary tabighy jolmen - 6500 jyldan keyin, plutoniy-239 izotoptary 21 myng jyldan keyin ydyraydy. Al plutoniy-241 ydyraghan kezde jana alifa-sәulesi týziledi, amerisiy-241 izotoptarynyng tóndiretin qaupi jyl sayyn tek óse beredi. Eger plutoniyding bir bóligi adam aghzasyna týsse, sýiek tininde - 80 jyl, bauyrda 40 jyl ómir sýredi eken. Barlyq tiri jasushany óltirip, olardyng tabighy qasiyetin joyyp, búzugha әkelip soghady. Al osynday derekterge anyq qol jetkize otyryp, sol aimaqtardy qalaysha halyqtyng qoldanysyna beremiz?! Búghan qatysty aitarym, Semey poligony aimaghyndaghy qayghy-qasiretting buy әli tarqaghan joq. Semey halqy onyng zardabyn әli tartyp otyr. Sondyqtan ol eldegi poligon aimaqtaryna investisiya salugha mýlde qarsymyn.
Yadrolyq otyn bankin qúrsaq qaytedi?
Jalpy, Semey poligony aimaghyn sóz etkende mamandarymyzdyng bir parasy yadrolyq otyn banki turasyndaghy úsynystaryn qosa qauzady. «Yadrolyq otyn banki - tek Qazaqstan ýshin ghana emes, әlem boyynsha qajet nәrse» desken mamandarymyzdyng qaysybiri naq osy yadrolyq otyn banki iydeyasyn iske asyrugha Semey poligony aimaghy óte qolayly jer ekenin algha tartuda. Búl rette Últtyq yadrolyq ortalyq Yadrolyq fizika instiytutynyng ghylymy ister jónindegi diyrektorynyng orynbasary Nasurlla BÓRTEBAEV:
- Qazir osy yadrolyq otyn bankining mýmkinshilikteri men erekshelikteri turaly jii aitylyp jýr. Óziniz jaqsy bilesiz, bizding elimizde Semey poligony aimaghy bar. Ol jerde ýlken iri jarylystar bolghandyqtan, atalmysh poligon aimaghynda sol jarylystardan qalghan әrtýrli radioaktivti qaldyqtardy saqtaytyn qoymalar bar. Semey poliygonynyng bir ereksheligi: onda qaldyqtardy saqtaytyn qoymalar uaqtyly jasalyp qoyghan. Mәselen, bizde mediysiynada ampulalyq radioizotoptyq materialdar qoldanylady. Osy preparattardy uaqyty ótkennen keyin bir jaqqa aparyp, kómu kerek. Osynday mediysinada qoldanyp jýrgen ampulalardyng 50 myngha juyghy qazirde sol Semey poligony aimaghynyng qoymasynda saqtauly. Sonday-aq ónerkәsipte qoldanyp jýrgen radioaktivti qaldyqtardy da sol jerge aparyp, saqtap, kómip otyrmyz. Eske sala ketken jón, Aqtaudaghy toqtatylghan BN-350 reaktorynyng yadrolyq qaldyqtary da tolyghymen osy Semey poligonyndaghy saqtau qoymalaryna kóshirildi. Demek, bizde yadrolyq otyn qoymalary bar. Biz kóp elde múnday mýmkinshilikting joq ekenin eskeruimiz kerek. Búl degen - naghyz kommersiyalyq joba. Yadrolyq otyn bankin atom óndirisi salasyndaghy taghy da bir payda tabudyng kózi dep biluge bolady. Búl - yadrolyq óndiristing paydaly baghyttarynyng biri. Óz basym Semey poligony aimaghy osy bankting júmysyn úiymdastyrugha qolayly aimaq dep bilemin, - deydi.
Álemdegi ashyq-shashyq poligon...
Negizinen, mamandardyng payymdauynsha, osy poligon aimaqtaryn paydalanu turasynda oidy shygharyp jýrgenderding baghamdauynsha, poligon aimaghynda túryp jatqan elder sol jerdi túrghylyqty meken etti. Tipti sol elde qaysybir qauym «kezinde ashyq-shashyq jatqan poligon aimaqtaryna jylqylarymyzdy jayghanbyz, qazir de olar sonda jayylyp jýr, ol jylqynyng qymyzyn býkil el ishedi, etin biraz qauym azyq etedi, sondyqtan da sol búrynghy poligon aumaghynan jer alyp, ony qújatpen zandastyrsaq, jón bolar edi» deytin de kórinedi. «Mine, poligon aimaqtaryn halyq sharuashylyghyna beru mәselesi osydan baryp tuyndady» deydi mamandar. Áytse de ghalymdardyng deni Semey poliygony aimaghy әlem boyynsha eng ashyq-shashyq jatqan poligon ekenin, naq qazir poliygon aimaqtaryn paydalanugha bergennen góri, osy aimaqtarda túryp jatqan júrtshylyqqa tólenetin jәrdemaqyny eselep kóbeytu kerektigin basa aituda. Óitkeni aimaq túrghyndary poligon aimaqtarynda túryp, radiasiyamen ulanghany ýshin býginde bolmashy jәrdemaqy aluda. Mәselen, Japoniyada yadrolyq bombalanghan jerlerdi meken etetinderge ýsh dengeyli kómek berilip túrady. Birinshisi - okrugtik әkimshilik, ekinshisi - shtattyq әkimshilik, endi biri - federaldy әkimshilik tarapynan. Ýsheui de - memlekettik mekeme. Sonday-aq japondarda osy aimaqtarda túratyn túrghyndar basqa jaqqa qonys audaryp ketip, tughan jerine qayta ainalyp kelse, elde túrmaghan jyldardaghy ótemaqysyn daulap alugha qúqy bar. Al biz poligonnyng zardabyn kórgen jandardy shómishten qaghyp, olar ózge qalagha qonys audarsa, bolar-bolmas jәrdemaqysyn tóleuden bas tartamyz.
Áriyne, iygerilmey jatqan poligon aimaqtaryna investisiya salu úsynysy oilanarlyq ekeni dausyz. Semey poliygonyna salynatyn investisiya ózin-ózi aqtay ma, joq pa - ony bolashaq kórsete jatar. Biraq býgingi kýnmen qarasaq, bizge, eng aldymen, sol elding júrtyn jәrdemaqymen jarylqap alghan jón tәrizdi...
«Abay-aqparat»
