Qazir әlemning qyryqtan astam memleketinde 5 milliongha juyq qazaq diasporasy túryp jatyr. Olar shetelderdegi az etnikalyq top bol­ghandyghyna qaramastan әrdayym ózderining atamekeni Qazaqstanmen ruhaniy-mәdeny jәne sharuashylyq baylanysta bolugha tyrysady.

Qazir әlemning qyryqtan astam memleketinde 5 milliongha juyq qazaq diasporasy túryp jatyr. Olar shetelderdegi az etnikalyq top bol­ghandyghyna qaramastan әrdayym ózderining atamekeni Qazaqstanmen ruhaniy-mәdeny jәne sharuashylyq baylanysta bolugha tyrysady.

Olardyng tarihy Otanmen tyghyz baylanysta boluyn qamtamasyz etu ýshin 1992 jyly qúrylghan Dýniyejýzi qazaqtary qauymdastyghynyng róli erekshe. Búl bedeldi halyqaralyq úiym osyghan deyin dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng tórt qúryltayyn ótkizip, qazaq halqynyng taghdyry, tili, әlemning týkpir-týkpirindegi qazaqtardy birtútas Qazaqstan memleketine oraltudyng qúqyqtyq negizderi siyaqty kókeytesti mәselelerin talqylady. 2011 jyldyng 25 mamyrynda Astana qalasynda ótken Dýniyejýzi qa­zaqtarynyng IV qúryltayynda Elbasy, Qauymdastyq tóraghasy N.Nazarbaev «Qazaqstan - dýniyedegi әr qazaqtyng qasterli qúbylasy» atty bayan­damasynda: «Qazaq balasy dýniye­ning qay týkpirinde jýrse de tútas halqynyng bir bólshegi ekenin esh uaqytta úmytpauymyz kerek» dep qadap aityp, «...qandastar túryp jat­qan elderde últtyq ónerding ke­ninen taraluyna jaghday jasauymyz kerek. Biz qazaqtyng qaymaghy bú­zylmaghan kórshi elderde úl­tymyzdyng asa qúndy ruhany múralary saq­talghanyn jaqsy bilemiz. Bilim men ghylym ministrligi men Mәdeniyet ministrligine eks­pedisiyalar úiym­dastyryp, osyn­day qúndy múralardy jinaqtaudy tapsyramyn» dep ýlken mindetter jýktedi.
Elbasynyng Qúryltayda sóilegen syndarly sózinen tuyndaytyn býgingi kýn talaptaryn negizge ala otyryp, qazaqtar tyghyz qonystanghan kórshi elder - Resey, Qytay, Mongholiya, Ózbekstan, Týrikmenstan qazaq­ta­rynyng әdebiyeti men ónerin birtútas últtyq qúndylyqtar túrghysynan jan-jaqty zertteuding manyzy zor. Búl elderde túratyn qazaqtar әdebiyeti men óneri osyghan deyin dissertasiya­lyq enbekter auqymynda ghana qaras­tyrylyp kelgenmen, memlekettik baghdarlama dengeyinde keng auqymda zerttelgen joq edi.
Bilim jәne ghylym ministrligining qoldauymen M.Áuezov atyndaghy Ádebiyet jәne óner instituty 2012-2014 jyldargha josparlanghan «Shet- elderdegi qazaq әdebiyeti men óneri» atty baghdarlama dayyndady. Onyng basty maqsaty - otandastarymyz tyghyz qonystanghan kórshi elderdegi qazaq әdebiyeti men ónerining bir jarym ghasyrlyq tarihyna tereng barlau jasap, dýniyejýzi qazaqtary әdebiyeti men ónerining negizgi damu baghyttary men maqsat-mindetterin aiqyndau barysynda shygharmashylyq ýndestik, sabaqtastyq prinsipterin negizge ala otyryp, irgeli ghylymy enbek jazu.
Osy biregey baghdarlamany jýzege asyru maqsatynda instituttyng jetekshi foliklortanushy, әde­biyettanushy jәne ónertanushy ghalymdarynan jasaqtalghan keshendi ghylymy ekspedisiyalar ýstimizdegi jyly Reseyding Samara, Saratov, Volgograd jәne Astrahani ob­lys­tarynda, Ózbekstannyng Tashkent, Samarqan, Búhara, Navoy oblys­ta­rynda, Qaraqalpaqstan ónirinde, Mongholiyanyng Bayan-Ólgiy, Qobda, Darhan aimaqtarynda bolyp, últtyq foliklor men әn-kýy múralaryn, sәndik-qoldanbaly óner tuyndylaryn, jazba jәne auyz әdebiyet núsqalaryn jinap qaytty.
Mongholiyagha jasalghan ghylymy keshendi ekspedisiya barysynda qazaqtar shoghyrlanyp ómir sýretin Bayan-Ólgiy aimaghy tútastay, Qobda aimaghynyng eki audany, Ulan-Bator, Ólgiy, Nalayhan qalalary qamtyldy. Osy ekspedisiya kezinde ghylymy qyzmetkerler toqsangha juyq ki­si­lerding auzynan foliklordyng san-salaly ýlgilerin, mәselen, qara ólen, júmbaq, janyltpash, betashar, joqtau, synsu, diny qissalar, tóigeleu jәne shóreleu jyrlary, sonymen birge foliklorlyq ýlgiler jariyalanghan siyrek kezdesetin kitaptardy jinady.
Ekspedisiya barysynda qazaq halqynyng ejelden kele jatqan «Jorgha ang» bii el arasynda әli de ómir sýrip otyrghandyghy anyqtaldy. Búl biydi biyleushiler «Jorgha aiy» kýiin dombyrada oryndap, sonymen birge osy biyding shyghuy turaly anyzdy aityp, biydi biyledi. «Jorgha aiy biyi» kәsiby dengeyde telekameragha týsi­rildi.
Ghasyrlar kerueninen symbatymen ótken halyq múrasy «Jorgha ay» biyining el arasynda kezdesui - shy­nymen tanghajayyp qúbylys deuge bolady. Búl biydi biyleushiler tek bir auylda ghana emes, qayta arasy alshaq ornalasqan әr aimaqtan jolyghyp otyrghandyghy, biylengen biyding buyn yrghaghy, mimikasy ózara úqsas bolyp keletindigi zertteushilerdi tandan­dy­r­dy. Aytalyq, biydi naghyz naqyshyna keltirip Bayan-Ólgiyding Deluun su­mynynda túratyn qart ana Samalhan Mardanqyzy oryndaghan týri bey­netaspagha jazyp alyndy. Altyn­sógse sumynyng túrghyny Uathan Imam­mah­mútúly degen aqsaqal da «Jorgha aI» biyin anyzymen birge aityp, kýiin shertip, biyin biylegen. Sonymen birge Darhan uul aimaghy Hongor sumy­nynyng qart túrghyny Zúlharnayyn Bekbayúly da «Jorgha ay» biyining sheberi eken. Búl mәlimetterdi saralay kele Mongholiyadaghy qazaqtar arasynda qazaqtyng halyq múrasy «Jorgha ang» biyining de keng kólemde taralghandyghyn bayqaugha bolady. Sonymen birge jogharydaghy ónerpazdar býginde keng kólemde el arasyna jana әrleumen taralghan «Qara jorgha» biyining kýii men buyn yrghaghy mýlde ózgerip ketkendigin tilge tiyek etti. Qazirgi «Qara jorgha» dep biylep jýrgen kýy «Qos kýren» nemese «Sal kýren» dep atalatyn halyq kýii ekendigin, al «Qara jorgha» kýiining mýlde basqa ekendigin aityp, kýidi tartyp, «Qara jorghanyn» kóne núsqasyn ózderi biylep kórsetti.
Ekspedisiyalyq zertteu barysynda Mongholiya qazaqtary arasynda júmbaq janry keng kólemde ta­ralghandyghy, sonymen birge sonylyghy, hatqa týspegen janalyghymen erek­shelendi. Qazaqstandyq ghalymdar halyq arasynan ghylymy ainalymgha әli de týse bermegen jýzdegen júmbaqtar jazyp aldy. Búdan syrt erekshe nazar audaratyn jaghday - «Joqtau» ja­nr­ynyng býginge deyin el arasynda ai­ty­lyp kele jatqandyghy. Búl ja­nrdyng kóptegen ýlgileri halyq ara­synan ghy­lymiy-zertteu ýshin ja­zylyp alyn­dy.
Qara ólenning qaymaghy búzyl­maghandyghy da dәleldene týsti. Búryn ghylymy nysangha týse bermegen kóp­tegen tyng janyltpashtar, maqal-mәtelder, ghúryptyq foliklor ýlgisining erekshe ýlgisi «Qozyny tóigeleu» jәne «Eshkini shóreleu» jyrlary da әnimen birge jazylyp, ekspedisiya qoryna týsti.
Reseyding Qoshaghash audanynyng túrghyndary, sonymen birge Altay Respublikasy Usti-Kan audany Túraty auyly qazaqtary ghylymy keshendi ekspedisiya barysynda túnghysh ret zertteldi. Qoshaghash qazaqtarynda qara ólen, joqtau, tarihy anyzdar, she­ji­relik derekter әjeptәuir saq­talghany bayqaldy. Ásirese, «Joq­tau» janry­nyng búl ónirde de ómirsheng salt eken­digi anyqtaldy. Bir erekshe ai­tatyn jayt - qazaq baspasózinde «shoqyndy qazaqtar» degen ataugha ie bolghan Usti-Kan audany Túraty auylyn meken­deytin 70 otbasy, jiyny 300 qan­dasymyz turaly tolyqqandy ma­te­rialdar jinaldy. Zertteu ba­rysynda osy auylgha qazaqtardyng ornalasuy turaly shejirelik derek­ter, olardy otyryqshy halyqtyng qalay shoqyndyrghany turaly mә­limetter, sonymen birge osy auyl túrghyndarynyng qazir meshit ashyp, imam saylap, ata dini músylmandyqqa bet búrghany turaly derekter jazy­lyp alyndy. Auyldaghy qariyalar qazaq tilinde erkin sói­leytindigi, әn aityp, jyr jyrlay­tyndyghy - últtyq zerde men immuniytetting bekem ekendigi bayqaldy. Túraty auylynyng qart túrghyny Kýlәsh Jýsipqyzy basqa emes, aldymen bylaysha «Elim-aydyn» zarly әuenine basty:
Shaghy shapan kiymesem sәn
kelmeydi-au,
«Elimaygha» salmasam әn kelmeydi, Elim-ay, elim-ay.
Boyynda Túratynyng arsha ap jýrmin,
Arshamdy kótere almay sharshap jýrmin, Elim-ay, elim-ay.
Tuysym sonau jýrgen aman
deydi-au,
Habaryn ózim baryp kórsem eken, Elim-ay, elim-ay!
Búl jyr joldarynyng ózi sheteldegi qandastardyng tughan elge, atamekenge degen saghynyshyn aiqyn bildiredi, tyndaghan adamdy eriksiz eljiretedi.
Ózbekstanda túryp jatqan qa­zaqtardyng әdebiyeti men óneri ja­yyndaghy mәlimetterge qarasaq, qa­zaqtyng kórnekti jazushy, dramaturgi S.Balghabaydyng «Eng әdemi kelinshek» spektaklin jaqynda Ózbekstan últ­tyq drama teatry qoyghan eken. Qa­ra­qalpaqstannyng Berdaq atyndaghy memlekettik drama teatrynyng sah­nasynda osy jәne ózge de qazaq av­torlarynyng piesalary jii qoyy­latynyn kóre otyryp, mәdeny ba­rys-keliske kedergi joq ekeni sezildi.
«Ózbekfilim» kinostudiyasynyng birneshe sәtti tuyndylaryn jasaghan produser, kinorejisser Firuza Egemberdiyeva, aqyn, telejýrgizushi Anar Nәlibaeva, Ózbekstannyng Nauayy atyndaghy Ýlken opera jәne balet teatrynyng dramalyq soprano dauysty beldi әnshisi, birneshe ha­lyqaralyq konkurstardyng laureaty Guly Aytjanova men teatr diriyje­rining biri Qaraqalpaqstannyng halyq artiysi, Ózbekstannyng enbek sinirgen artiysi Aida Abdullaeva sekildi qan­dasta­rymyz býgingi tanda osy elding auzyna iligip jýrgen ataqty óner qayratkerleri ekendigin maqtanyshpen aitugha bolady. Býkil shygharmashylyq ghúmyryn kenestik kezdegi ózbekstan­dyq tanymal «Lyazgi» foliklorlyq-etnografiyalyq ansambline arnaghan apaly-sinli Almagýl jәne Ýrbigýl Sýierbaevalardyng da ýlken enbegin atap ótken oryndy. Syrnay, bayan aspabynda, jeke dauysta jәne duet ýlgisinde әnshi bolyp, dýniyening tórt búryshyn sharlaghan búl qazaq óner­pazdarynyng bauyrlas ózbek óneri men mәdeniyetine sinirgen enbegining orny erekshe.
Qaraqalpaqstannyng astanasy Nókis qalasynda jergilikti qazaq dias­porasynyng ónerpazdary basta­masymen «Bes qala» halyq teatry biraz jyldar boyy júmys jasaghan. Ókinishke oray, býginde búl teatr kәsiby mamannyng joqtyghynan tarap ketken. Aty bar bolghanymen zaty joq qazaq teatryna ainalypty.
Mongholiyanyng Bayan-Ólgiy ai­maghyndaghy qazaq muzykaly drama teatry osy memlekette ómir sýrip jatqan qandastarymyz ónerining qara shanyraghy bolyp sanalady. Ol al­gha­shynda 1940-1945 jyldary aimaqtyq klub, al 1956 jyldan bastap últtyq muzykalyq drama teatry retinde júmys istey bastaghan. Teatr óz shy­gharmashylyghyn túnghysh ret M.Qúr­manhannyng «Kezeng ýstinde» piesa­symen ashqan eken. Aymaqtyq teatr sahnasynda M.Áuezovting «Enlik-Kebek», Gh.Mýsirepovting «Aqan-seri - Aqtoqty», «Qozy Kórpesh - Bayan súlu», B.Aqtannyng «Jaman men Ermahan», M.Qúrmahannyng «Jasyl dәn», «Túlba kól shayqasy» jәne t.b. piesalarymen qatar E.Brusiy­lovs­kiyding «Qyz Jibek», D.Dam­disurenning «Kerim-au, ai-day» atty operalar da qoyylghan. Teatr qúramynda hor, drama, balet klastary men últ aspaptar or­kestri júmys isteydi. Teatrda әr jyl­dary qazaqstandyq belgili muzyka mamandary H.Tastanov, A.Myrzabekov, M.Áubәkirov kenesshilik qyzmet atqaryp, joghary dәrejedegi óner biyigine kóteruge ýles qosqan. 1990 jyly teatrgha jyljymaly sahnasy bar jana ghimarat paydalanugha be­rilipti.
Shetel qazaqtarynyng jazba әde­biyetine toqtalsaq, әsirese, Mon­gho­liyadaghy qazaqtar әdebiyetinde jana damu ýrdisi aiqyn bayqalady. Poe­ziyada Súraghan Rahmetúly, Shynay Rahmetúly, Bayyt Qabanúly siyaqty aqyndar keng tynysty lirikalyq tolghanystarmen, zaman mәselelerin tilge tiyek etken tyng kórkem oilary­men erekshelense, prozada Erbaqyt Nýsipúly әngime janryn jana sýrleumen damytqan jazushylyq sheberligimen kózge týsedi.
Keshendi ghylymy ekspedisiyalardyng jan-jaqty jýrgizgen zertteu jú­mystary barysynda Resey, Ózbekstan, Mongholiya elderinde túratyn qazaqtar arasynda últtyq sәndik-qoldanbaly óner týrlerining sol búrynghy qazaqy qalpynda saqtalghandyghy bayqaldy, sonymen birge búl elderdegi qazaqtar ishinen suret, mýsin ónerinde erekshe daryndylyghymen tanylghan tuma talanttar shyqqandyghy jiti nazargha alyndy.
Osy elderge úiymdastyrylghan keshendi ghylymy ekspedisiyalar shet- elderde túratyn qazaqtardyng mәdeny damuyna baylanysty birneshe ózekti mәseleler bar ekendigin kórsetti:
1. Ózbekstan men Mongholiyada qazaq mektepteri bolghanymen, oqu-әdis­temelik qúraldar jetispeydi. Reseyde qazaq mektepteri joqtyng qasy. Búl birneshe jyl boyy aitylyp kele jatqan ýlken mәsele. Osyghan oray Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Ýkimeti tiyisti sharalar úiymdastyrsa degen izgi niyetimizdi jetkizemiz.
2. Mongholiyanyng qazaqtar ghana túratyn Bayan-Ólgiy aimaghynyng ortalyghy - Ólgiy qalasyndaghy kitaphana qory songhy 20 jylda qazaq tilinde shyqqan kitaptarmen to­lyqtyrylmaghan. Osyghan oray Mә­de­niyet jәne aqparat ministrligine Qazaqstan baspalarynan shyqqan jana kitaptardy qazaqtar jii qo­nystanghan kórshi elderding ki­tap­hanalaryna jetkizudi úsynamyz.
3. Ózbekstannyng qazaqtar tyghyz qonystanghan oblystar men audan­darynda ózderining salty men dәstýrin sahnadan kórseter qazaq últtyq teatrynyng bolmauy oilantady.
4. Mongholiyadaghy Bayan-Ólgiy qazaq muzykaly drama teatrynyng býgingi tynys-tirshiliginde búrynghy salyp ketken joldy jalghastyrugha, kezdesip jatqan materialdyq qiyndyqtargha qaramastan shygharmashylyq újymdy ústap túru, halyqtyng ruhaniy-mәdeny súranysyn óteuge talpynystar bar. Kәsiby mamandardyng jetispeushiligi, jana shygharmashylyq iydeyanyng bolmauy býgingi tanda alys sheteldegi jalghyz qazaq kәsiby teatrynyng ty­nysyn taryltatyn sekildi. Búl qazaq teatrynyng shygharmashylyq kelbetin jaqsartu, ózindik últtyq boyauy mol újym bolyp saqtalyp qaluy ýshin jergilikti budjetten bólinetin qarjymen birge, Qazaqstan Respub­likasy da barynsha qoldau kórsetip otyru qajet dep bilemiz.
Qoryta kelgende, M.Áuezov atyn­daghy Ádebiyet jәne óner ins­tituty dayyndaghan «Shetelderdegi qazaq әdebiyeti men óneri» baghdarlamasy elimizding birtútas últtyq memleket qúru iydeyasyna say kelip, sheteldegi qazaq әdebiyeti men ónerin keshendi týrde zertteuge, baghyt-baghdaryn aiqyndaugha mol mýmkindik beredi. Aldaghy uaqytta Qazaqstan Res­publikasynyng Preziydenti N.Na­zar­baevtyng tapsyrmasyna say sheteldegi qandastarymyzdyng әdebiyeti men ónerin, mәdeny múralaryn, últtyq qúndylyqtaryn zertteu jalghasyn ta­bady. Osy ekspedisiyada jinalghan materialdar ghylymy saraptamadan ótip, birneshe újymdyq monografiya retinde baspagha dayyndalyp, ghylymy ainalymgha qosylady.
Býgingi ghylymy jiynda әlemge taryday shashyrap ketken 5 milliongha juyq qandastarymyzdyng kóptegen mәseleleri kýn tәrtibine qoyylyp otyr. Aldaghy uaqytta da memleketimiz, Ýkimetimiz qandastarymyzdy ata- qonysyna keluin rettey beretin bolady. Biraq syrtta jýrgen qan­dastarymyzdyn, etnikalyq bauyr­larymyzdyng әdebiyet, mәdeniyet, qol óneri zerttele berui kerek. Olay bolmaghan jaghdayda asyl múralar joghalyp ketui mýmkin. Sheteldegi jas úrpaq búl últtyq qazynalarymyzdy jinastyryp, zerttey almaydy. Sondyqtan da Elbasy aitqanday, biz syrttaghy bauyrlarymyzdy qoldaudyng әrtýrli joldaryn jýzege asyruymyz kerek. Sonyng alghashqy baspaldaghy jasaldy.

Uәlihan QALIJANOV,
M.Áuezov atyndaghy Ádebiyet jәne
óner institutynyng diyrektory,
filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory,
Qazaqstannyng enbek sinirgen qayratkeri

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