Jer betinde adamzat ýshin, onyng damu barysynda, qorshaghan ortamen, jalpy tabighatpen ara qatynasy, onymen ýilesimdi jaghdayda ómir sýru óte manyzdy. Qalay biz tabighatqa әser etsek, tabighat ta soghan sәikes bizge jauap beredi. Osy, dәleldeudi qajet etpeytin aksiomany kóp jaghdayda biz, tabighattyng joghary sanaly mýsheleri, «homo sapiens», týsine bermeymiz. Týsinsek te ózimizding býgingi, kýndelikti pendeshiligimizge salynyp, tabighattyng zandarymen sanaspay, oghan orasan zor ziyan keltiremiz. Tabighat talay ret adamzattyng osynday is-әreketine tiyisinshe jauap berdi. Bizding jadymyzda talay-talay, qanshama jannyng ómirin qighan dýniyening týkpir-týkpirinde bolyp jatqan tabighy kataklizmder, tehnogendik apattar.

Búl әriyne adam men tabighattyng ara qatynasyndaghy jalpy jaghdaylar. Býgingi maqalada osy adam men tabighat arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastyng bizding elimiz ýshin óte bir aktualdy baghyty – su resurstarymen qalay jәne qanday jaghdayda qamtamasyz etilemiz, tabighattyng osy bir bizge tegin beretin tamasha syiyn tiyisti dәrejede baghalap jýrmiz be, osy turaly әngime tarqatatyn bolamyz.

Býgingi kýni elimiz boyynsha jer ýsti su resurstarynyng jalpy kólemi 100,9 tekshe kilometrdi qúrasa, onyng 56,2 payyzy respublika shenberinde qalyptasyp, qalghan kólemi kórshi elderding aumaghynan bastau alyp, bizge keledi eken.  Su resurstarynyng basym kólemi  Ertis, Balqash-Alakól su sharuashylyghy alqaptarynda shoghyrlanghan.

Al jer asty sularynyng Qazaqstan boyynsha jyldyq boljamdy kólemi 64,28 tekshe kilometrdi qúrasa, onyng býgingi kýni paydalanylyp jýrgen qory jylyna 15,56 tekshe kilometr mólsherinde eken. Jer asty túshy suynyng negizgi qorlary elimizding ontýstigi aumaqtarynda (54%) ornalasqan. Al elimizding batysynda (Manghystau, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan oblystary) jәne teriskeyinde (Qostanay, Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblystary) jer asty túshy su qorlarynyng tapshylyghy bayqalady.

Jer ýsti su resurstarynyng kópjyldyq dinamikasyna qarasaq jyldan jylgha onyng kólemining azayyp kele jatqanyn bayqauymyzgha bolady. Eger 2000 jyldary jer ýsti su resurstarynyng kópjyldyq ortasha kólemi 120 tekshe kilometrdi qúrasa, býgingi kýni búl kórsetkish 102 tekshe kilometr dengeyinde bolyp otyr. Búl negizinen klimattyng ózgeruimen jәne sharuashylyq subektilerining sudy tiyimsiz paydalanuymen baylanysty faktorlardyng әserinen bolghan qúbylys dep aita alamyz. Nәtiyjesinde, qazirgi kýni Jayyq, Tobyl, Ile, Ertis, Esil ózenderining tayazdanuyn baqylap otyrmyz.

Elimizdegi su resurstarynyng azangy, ózender dengeyining qatty tómendeui tek qana klimattyng ózgeruine ghana baylanysty emes ekenin eskergen jón. Búl proseske ózining eleuli ýlesin qosyp otyrghan taghy bir jay bar. Ol bizge syrttan keletin ózenderding bas jaghynda otyrghan kórshilerimizding sol ortaq, transshekaralyq su kózderin paydalanudaghy, bizding mýddelerimizdi tolyqtay eskermey jýrgizip otyrghan, sayasattary. Mysaly, Jayyq ózenining bas jaghynda otyrghan Resey oblystary salyp tastaghan, әr qaysysy kem degende 10 mln. tekshe metr su ústaytyn, 12 su qoymasy bar eken. Nәtiyjesinde songhy 15 jyldyng ishinde Jayyq ózenining dengeyi ýsh esege tómen týsip ketken. Dәl osynday jaghday ontýstiktegi úly kórshimizben arada da qalyptasyp otyr. Siniszyan-Úighyr avtonomdyq audanynyng auyl sharuashylyghy men óndirisining qaryshtap damuyna baylanysty Ile men Ertis ózenderi arqyly bizge keletin su mólsheri de jyldan jylgha azayda. Songhy jyldary irgedegi kórshilerimiz – qyrghyz aghayyndarymyzdyng Shu men Talas ózenderinen bizge tiyesili su kólemin bermey otyrghany da osynyng bir aiqyn mysaly.

Áriyne býgingi kýni múzdaqtardyng eselep erui әlemdegi sugha degen súranysty belgili bir mólsherde qanaghattandyryp otyr. Biraq 2030-2050 jyldarda múzdaqtardyng eruining jyldamdyghy ózinin  joghary dengeyine jetkende әlemning kóptegen elderi, onyng ishinde bizding Qazaqstan da bar, su tapshylyghyn aiqyn sezinetin bolady. Al osy ghasyrdyng ayaghyna qaray múzdaqtardyng kópshiligi tolyghymen erip ketui әbden mýmkin. Osy salanyng mamandarynyng zertteuleri boyynsha Jonghar múzdaqtar jýiesi 2080, al Ile men Altay múzdaqtar jýieleri 2085 jyldargha qaray tolyq joghaluy mýmkin.

Al sol su resurstarynyng bar naqty kólemin biz tiyimdi paydalanyp jýrmiz be?  Kýni erteng basymyzgha keletin su tapshylyghyna biz dayynbyz ba? Búl óte ýlken jәne manyzdy súraq. Mamandardyng boljamy boyynsha 2040 jyly elimizde su tapshylyghy eleuli týrde bayqalyp, ol qajetti mólsherding 40 payyzyn qúrauy mýmkin. El ekonomikasynyng barlyq salasy su resurstaryna tәueldi ekenin eskersek, 2050 jyldyng dengeyinde, su tapshylyghynan elimizding ishki  jalpy ónim mólsheri 6 payyzgha tómendeui mýmkin. Al býgingi kýni memleketimizding osy mәselelerge qatysy bar lauazymdy túlghalary da, qarapayym halyq ta osy problemanyng qanshalyqty airyqsha manyzy baryn, ony ertenge qaldyrmay býgin qolgha alu qajettigin jete týsinip otyrmaghan synayly. Ayta bersek, tipti býgingi kýni Qazaqstanda osy su problemalaryn jete týsinetin, transshekaralyq su mәseleleri boyynsha Qytay, Ózbekstan, Qyrghyzstan su mamandarymen teng dәrejede kelissóz jýrgize alatyn mamandar qalmady desem artyq aitqandyq emes. Su resurstaryn ýnemdi de tiyimdi paydalanugha baghyttalghan naqty sharalar qoldanbasa elimiz jaqyn bolashaqta óte qiyn jaghdaylargha úrynuy әbden mýmkin. Elimizde su resurstaryn eng kóp paydalanatyn tútynushy auyl sharuashylyghy  bolyp tabylady. Al osy salada sudy ysyraptau dengeyi 50 payyzdy qúraydy eken. Onyng negizgi sebepteri injenerlik jýielerdin, kanaldardyn, gidrotehnikalyq qúrylghylardyng eskirui bolyp tabylady. Sonymen birge suarmaly jerlerde sudy paydalanudyng shetelderde ózin jaqsy tanytqan tehnologiyalyq әdisteri qoldanysqa bayau engizilui de sudy tiyimdi paydalanugha mýmkindik bermey otyr. Al qalalar men eldi mekenderde de su ysyrabynyng dengeyi óte joghary. Su qúbyrlary men kәriz jýielerining tozyghy jetui sebebinen su ysyrabynyng kórsetkishi 40-45 payyz mólsherin qúrap otyr. Al batystyng damyghan elderinde, mysaly Germaniyada, búl kórsetkish 5-7 payyzdyng tónireginde eken.

Qazaqta mynaday: «Ýsh kýndigin oilamaghan әielden bez, ýsh jyldyghyn oilamaghan erkekten bez», - degen qanatty sóz bar. Al memleket kem degende 30-40 jyldy algha salghan bolashaqty josparlauy tiyis. Ýkimet osy bir kezek kýttirmeytin mәseleni ertenge qaldyrmay, býgin qolgha alyp, tiyisti sharalar qoldanuy tiyis. Al men óz tarapymnan, osy salada kóp jyldar qyzmet istegen maman retinde, kezek kýttirmey qolgha aludy qajet etetin birqatar is-sharalar paketin úsynghym keledi. Eger tiyisti memlekettik organdar qajet dep tapsa keregine jaratar.

Memleket dengeyinde istelui qajet sharalar:

1. Ýkimet qúramynda su mәselesimen ainalysatyn ministrlik qarastyru. Ol ministrlik bir kezderi bolghan Meliorasiya jәne su sharuashylyghy ministrligi emes, Su resurstary jәne olardy tiyimdi paydalanu ministrligi boluy kerek. Osy atyna sәikes ministrlikke jýkteletin mindetter de basqasha boluy qajet. Sonymen qatar, ministrlikting oblys dengeyinde vertikaldy qúrylymdary júmys jasauy kerek.

2. Bir kezderi respublikany su sharuashylyghy mamandarymen tolyq qamtamasyz etip kelgen, al 90-shy jyldary biylikting sholaq sayasatynyng nәtiyjesinde optimizasiyagha úshyrap, Taraz qalasynyng basqa da jogharghy oqu oryndarymen biriktirilip jiberilgen, Gidromeliorativtik-qúrylys institutyn qalpyna keltirip, oghan derbes JOO mәrtebesin beru.

3. Ýkimet janynan su resurstaryn tiyimdi paydalanu, onyng ishinde transshekaralyq su resurstaryn bólu mәseleleri boyynsha konsulitativtik kenes qúru. Onyng tóraghasy QR Premier-Ministrining orynbasary dengeyinde taghayyndalghany dúrys. Sonymen qatar, osy kenes qúramyna elimizdegi su sharuashylyghy mәselelerin býge-shigesine deyin biletin, transshekaralyq su resurstary súraqtarynyng qaltarys tústaryn kezinde jaqsy iygergen Nariman Qypshaqbaev, Tólegen Sәrsembekov, Qúdaybergen Asqarov, Islam Ábishev siyaqty jәne de basqa osy salanyng ardagerlerin qosu qajet.

4. Qazaqstan Respublikasy aumaghyndaghy jer asty auyz su qorlaryn zertteu jәne osy su qorlaryn halyq iygiligine keng paydalanu júmystaryn qayta qolgha alyp, búl júmysty jandandyru qajet.

5. QR Parlamenti dengeyinde Auyl sharuashylyghy men kommunaldyq sharuashylyq salalarynda jәne óndiristik kәsiporyndarda, sonymen qatar, qala men auyl túrghyndarynyng su resurstaryn ýnemdi de tiyimdi paydalanu mәseleleri boyynsha qataytylghan zang aktylerin qabyldau.

6. Búqaralyq aqparat qúraldarynda su resurstaryn ýnemdi paydalanu turaly halyqqa týsinikti tilde jәne әserli maghynada dayyndalghan jarnamalyq maqalalar men beyneklipterdi údayy oqyrmandar men kórermenderding nazaryna úsynyp otyru.

Auyl sharuashylyghy salasynda atqaryluy qajet sharalar:

1. Suarmaly jerlerdegi egis alqabyna egiletin daqyldar qúrylymyn qayta qarau. Kýrish, maqta sekildi sudy kóp talap etetin daqyldar egiletin alqapty meylinshe azaytyp, basqa daqyldarmen auystyru.

2. Su resurstaryn paydalanatyn sharuashylyqtargha, sharua qojalyqtaryna sudy limitpen bóludi qatang tәrtipke kóshiru.

3. Auyl sharuashylyghy daqyldaryn sugharudyng shet elderde óz tiyimdiligin kórsetken sudy ýnemdep paydalanugha mýmkindik beretin tehnologiyalardy, birinshi kezekte Izraili memleketinde qoldanylatyn, tamshylap sugharu әdisterin barynsha, keng kólemde engizu.

4. Respublika kóleminde suarmaly jerlerge inventarizasiya jýrgizu. Inventarizasiya nәtiyjesine baylanysty suarmaly jerler massivteri men sol jerlerdegi injenerlik, gidrotehnikalyq nysandardy kýrdeli jóndeuden ótkizu, qayta qúru jónindegi memlekettik baghdarlama qabyldap, oghan budjetten jetkilikti qarajat bólu. Jobasyz salynghan suarmaly jerlerge su resurstaryn berudi toqtatu.

Qalalar men eldi mekender tarapynan qoldanyluy tiyis sharalar:

1. Qalalar men eldi mekenderdi sumen qamtamasyz etetin magistralidy jәne qala aralyq su jýieleri men olardyng qúramyndaghy injenerlik nysandargha inventarizasiya jasau, olardyng tehnikalyq jaghdayyn anyqtau jәne atalghan nysandardy janalau nemese aghymdyq jәne kýrdeli jóndeuden ótkizu baghdarlamalaryn jasau.

2. Inventarizasiya barysynda qalaaralyq su taratu qúbyrlarynda búryn paydalanylyp, keyin qoldanystan shygharylghan jýielerdi (brosovye) anyqtap, olardy júmys istep túrghan su taratu jýiesinen aghytyp, demontaj jasau.

3. Inventarizasiyanyng nәtiyjesinde qalaaralyq su beru men taratudyn, kәriz jýielerining kompiuterlik kartasyn jasau jәne aqparattyq mәlimetter bazasyn jinaqtau.

4. Qalalardaghy su paydalanatyn tútynushylardyng tolyqtay sudy esepke alu aspaptarymen qamtamasyz etiluin qatang qadaghalau.

5. Qalalar men eldi mekenderde su taratu jýielerindegi su ysyrabyn kezen-kezeng boyynsha qysqartu mәselesi boyynsha arnayy baghdarlama qabyldap, onyng oryndaluyn qatang týrde baqylau. Qalalardaghy su beru men taratu mәselesimen ainalysatyn mekemelerding (gorvodokanal) basshylarynyng óz mindetterin atqaru dengeyin baghalaudyng eng basty kriyteriylerining biri su ysyrabynyng kólemin qysqartu boluy tiyis.

Su tegin, biraq sudyng da súrauy bar degen halqymyzdyng qanatty sózi býgingi kýnning basty talaby bolu tiyis. Osyny úmytpayyq aghayyn.

Bayqonyrov Sәmet Yqylasúly,

zeynetker, Aqtau qalasy

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