Senbi, 12 Qazan 2024
Alashorda 3032 20 pikir 6 Qyrkýiek, 2024 saghat 15:41

Alash sarbazy – alghashqy geolog-múnayshy

Suret avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Qazaqstan «Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamynyng bayyrghy mýshesi, Qanysh Sәtbaev atyndaghy Geologiyalyq ghylymdar institutynyng bas ghylymy qyzmetkeri, geologiya-miyneralogiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Nәzir Abdulqadyrúly Ázirbaev qoghamnyng jarghylyq mindetterin jýzege asyrugha qogham shanyraq kótergeli bergi otyz bes jyl boyy әrdayym belsene atsalysyp keledi.

Ol «Ádilet» basqarmasynyng ókili retinde halyqaralyq «Memorial» úiymynyng RF biyligi tarapynan 2021 jyly joyylghangha deyingi is-sharalaryna da qatysyp, elimizde oryn alghan stalindik repressiyalardyng erekshelikterine barshanyng nazaryn audaryp jýrdi. Al qoghamymyzdyng  jiyndarynda repressiyalanghan alghashqy qazaq injenerlerinin, múnayshy geologtardyng esimderin janghyrtudaghy oilaryn ortagha salyp, ýnemi olardy otandyq geologiya tarihyna qaytarudy azamattyq paryzymyz retinde algha tartatyn.

Búl rette ol әigili de ataqty geolog-ghalymymyz, Ghylym akademiyasynyng túnghysh preziydenti Qanysh Sәtbaevtyng stalindik repressiya qasaphanasyna týsken qúrdastarynyng – ortaq iydeya, ortaq maqsat tútastyrghan bir top talantty jer qoynauyn zertteushilerdin  taghdyryn әngimeleuden jalyqqan emes. Qazaq geologtarynyng alghashqy tobynyng – sol ghylymiy-tehnikalyq ýderis jolynda jasampazdyq isterin óristetip kele jatqandarynda  qyrshynynan qiylghan bir shoghyr úrpaqtyng – sayasy qughyn-sýrginder qúrbanyna ainaldyrylghangha deyingi qysqa ghúmyrynda halyq sharuashylyghynyng geologiyalyq salasyn qaz túrghyzugha, paydaly qazbalar ken oryndaryn ashugha jәne iygeruge qalay eleuli ýles qosqanynan Nәzir aqsaqal qogham jiyndarynda dәleldi týrde  syr shertip, baspasózde talay maqala jariyalady.

Sonymen, «әdilettik» Nәzir Ázirbaevtyng derekteri boyynsha, 30-shy jyldary Mәskeu men Leningradtyng geologiyalyq barlau instituttarynda jәne Tau-ken akademiyasynda oqyghan alty qazaqtyng tórteuinin, atap aitqanda – Mardan Ázirbaev, Berkinghaly Atshybaev, Orazәli Jandosov pen Merghaly Qadylbekovting ómir joldary jazalaushy organ qapastarynda ýzildi.  Búlar jergilikti últ tehnikalyq intelliygensiyasynyng alghashqy buynynan edi. Sol kezde búl buyn qatarynda atalghan azamattargha qosa Qanysh Sәtbaev, Jarqyn Aytaliyev, Sergey (Oqtay, Ýgedey) Bókeyhanov syndy geologtar ghana bolghan-tyn. Bәri de óte bilimdi, bilikti, maqsatty týrde algha úmtylghan mamandar retinde geologiyalyq qyzmet pen geologiya ghylymyn úiymdastyrugha, siyrek jәne týrli-týsti metaldar men múnay ken oryndaryn izdestiru jәne barlau isterin jýrgizuge zor ýles qosyp kele jatqan.

Solardyng ishindegi Ýlken terror jalmaghandardyng ómir jolyn qysqasha sholayyq. Mardan Nyghmetúly Ázirbaev 1931 jyly Mәskeu geologiyalyq barlau institutyn bitirisimen SSRO Ghylym akademiyasynyng Tәjik-Pamir ghylymy ekspedisiyasy júmysyna qatysqan. Ol 1932–1934 jyldary Gruziyada altyn  ken oryndaryn izdeu jәne barlau salasynda qyzmet atqardy, 1934 jyldan «QazaqSiyrekMetalBarlau» («Kazredmetrazvedka») tresinde istedi. Izdeu jәne zertteu júmystaryn Altay men Ortalyq Qazaqstanda jýrgizdi. Tauly Altaydaghy molibden-volifram-vismut ken ornyn birinshi bolyp ashty. Ol Qazaqstan, Ózbekstan men Kavkazdyng siyrek metal, altyn jәne mys ken oryndarynyng geologiyasy men  geneziysi turaly Mәskeu men Leningrad basylymdarynda birneshe maqala jariyalady. Janadan ashylghan Qazaq tau-ken institutyndaghy geologiyalyq barlau fakulitetining jergilikti últtan shyqqan túnghysh oqytushysy boldy. Dalalyq geologiya men geologiyalyq kartalaudan dәris oqydy. Qazaq auyldarynan kelgen, oryssha dәristerdi tolyq týsine almay jýrgen studentterge nebir kýrdeli qúbylystardy qazaq tilinde óte týsinikti etip úghyndyratyn. Qazaq halqynyng maqal-mәtel, qanatty sózderin jinaumen de shúghyldandy. Akademikter Aryqtay Qayypov, Grigoriy Sherba, GhA korrespondent-mýshesi Aqjan Mashanov, altyn jәne uran ken oryndaryn alghash ashqan professor Mauhida Abdulkabirova, basqa da birqatar ghalymdar men mamandar onyng shәkirti bolghan.  Al 20-synshy jyldary partiya, sovet jelilerinde týrli lauazymda qyzmetter atqaryp, belgili memleket jәne qogham qayratkeri retinde tanylghan Orazәli Kәkimúly Jandosov (ataqty partiya qayratkeri Oraz Jandosovtyng inisi) oqugha partiyanyng arnayy jinaqtalghan toby («parttysyachniyk») qatarynda jiberilgen-tin. Ol 1929 jyly Leningrad tau-ken institutyna týsip, oquyn Tau-ken akademiyasynda jalghastyrdy, odan, Mәskeu geologiyalyq barlau institutyn bitirer aldynda,  1933 jylghy 24 aqpanda, Bas hatshy Iosif Stalin men BK(b)P Qazaq  ólkelik komiytetining birinshi hatshysy Levon Mirzoyangha Qyzyl professura institutynyng tyndaushylary Birke Aybasov, Jýsipbek  Arystanov, Ghataulla Ysqaqov, Iliyas Qabylov, Qazólkekom mýshesi Ghabbas Toghjanovpen birge joldanghan, qazaq auylyndaghy apatty ahualdyng – sonau alapat ashtyq qasiretining sebep-saldary jayynda biyik basshylyqqa ýlken azamattyq jýrektilikpen jandary auyra jazghan, býginderi kópshilikke keninen mәlim «altaudyng haty» avtorlarynyng biri boldy. Oqu bitirgennen keyin Qazgeologotrest mengerushisining orynbasary, «Kazredmetrazvedka» («QazaqSiyrekMetalBarlau») tresining mengerushisi, Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy Bostandyq audanynda geologiyalyq barlau partiyasynyng bastyghy, Almaty oblysy Qaskeleng geologiyalyq barlau partiyasynyng jetekshisi bop istedi. 1936 jyly janadan qúrylghan Tekeli kenishi basqarmasynyng túnghysh diyrektory qyzmetin atqaryp jýrgeninde, 1937 jylghy mamyrda tútqyndaldy. Merghaly Qadylbekúly Qadylbekov Leningrad tau-ken institutyn bitirgennen keyin Ontýstik Qazaqstan, Qaratau ónirine jәne Qyrghyzstan jerine geologiyalyq barlau jasaghan ekspedisiyanyng bastyghy boldy. Orazaly Jandosovpen birge  Qazaqstan týsti metallurgiyasynyng túnghyshy – Shymkent qorghasyn zauytyna qajetti shiykizat qoryn jasaugha zor ýles qosty. Ashysay, Bayjansay, Hantaghy, Myrghalymsay, Qaraghayly, Qayraqty, Tekeli, taghy basqa ken oryndaryn ashty. Qazaq tilinde ghylymiy-zertteu enbekter jazdy. Tehnikalyq kitaptardy qazaqshagha audarudy ghylymy jolgha qoy mәselesin kóterip, geologiya jәne tau-ken isi jóninde terminologiyalyq sózdik jasady. Ol Qanysh Sәtbaevtyng jerlesi bolatyn. Qanyshtyng qyzy Shәmshiyabanudyng esteligine qaraghanda, Merghaly qazaq tiline «Miyneralogiya» oqulyghyn tәrjimelepti, tamyljyta әn shyrqap, dombyrada qúiqyljyta kýy tartatyn odan jәne onyng on jasar inisi Ahmetten kezinde ataqty muzyka etnografy Aleksandr Zataevich birneshe halyq әni men kýiin jazyp alypty. Ol Tekeli ken basqarmasynyng bas injeneri qyzmetin atqaryp jýrgende, 1937 jylghy 30 mamyrda tútqyndaldy.  Aghasy Núrghaly Qadylbekov (Kadolenko) belgili sayasy jәne sharuashylyq qayratkeri bolghan, ol da sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbany.

Nәzir Abdulqadyrúly «Ádilet» basqarmasynda Berkinghaly Múqashúly Atshybaev jayynda onyng «Alashorda batys bólimi basshylarynyng biri» retinde «qazaq (kirgiyz) enbekshi búqarasynan oqshaulandyrylghanyn», sóitip batys bólimning ózge basshylarymen birge Mәskeuge jiberilgenin, sonda «Mәskeu tau-ken akademiyasynda» 1930 jylgha deyin oqyghanyn aitatyn. Odan keyingi «qysqa da qyz-qaynaghan enbek joly «Embi-múnay» («Embanefti») tresinde ótip, qatardaghy geolog, izdeu partiyasynyng bastyghy, kartaly-kreliusty sektordyng mengerushiliginen  geologiyalyq barlau kensesining bastyghyna deyin ósti» degen. Atshybaev 1931 jyly Múnayly, 1932 jyly Altykól, Eskene  múnay kózderin ashyp, geologiyalyq barlaugha tikeley qatysty. Dýiseke, Qarashúnghyl, Shoqay, basqa da ken oryndarynyng geologiyalyq qúrylymyn zerttedi. Qondybay, Joldybay túz kýmbezderin zerttep, olardyng geologiyalyq kartasyn jasady. Kaspiy many oipatynda múnay jәne gaz ken oryndarynyng ornalasuymen baylanysty bop shyqqan túzdy-kýmbezdi qúrylymdardy zertteudi birinshi bolyp qolgha aldy. Búryn ashylghan Dossor, Saghyz, Qúlsary, Týles ken oryndarynyng geologiyalyq qúrylymyn kreliusty búrghylau jolymen egjey-tegjeyli naqtylady. Embi múnayly audany men  Kaspiy many oipatynyng qazaqstandyq bóligi aumaghynda múnay men gazgha geologiyalyq barlau júmystaryn jýrgizu auqymyn keneytu ýshin kóp qajyr-quatyn júmsady. Geologiya-miyneralogiya ghylymdaryna qazirgi tanda da eleuli ýles qosyp jýrgen qart ghalym Nәzir Ázirbaev Berkinghaly Múqashúly Atshybaevty Kaspiy many basseynining geologiyasy jónindegi zamanauy iydeyalardyng irgetasyn qalaghan alghashqy geologtardyng biri boldy dep tújyrymdaydy. Qazirgi zamanghy ozyq injenerlik oigha Berkinghaly Múqashúly jol salghan osy jerde, deydi maqtanyshpen, 20-synshy ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda  asa alyp múnay ken oryndary barlanyp, Qazaqstandy  әlemdik múnay derjavasyna ainaldyrdy!..

Batys Alash-Orda basshysy Jahanshah Dosmúhamedov II Jalpyqazaq sezi sheshimine sәikes arnayy qúrylyp, әskery dayyndyqtan ótkizilgen qosynynyng batyl soghys qimylymen 1919 jyldyng ayaq kezinde aimaqtaghy aqtardyng qolyn talqandap, shtabyn basqarghan generaldy tútqyndauymen sovet biyligi jaghyna ótkenderin naqty jauyngerlik kýrespen dәleldedik dep sanaghan da, kýnbatys alash ókimetining kenestik qúrylymgha qosylu sharttarynyng Qazrevkom jәne Týrkistan maydany ókilderimen 1920 jyldyng basynda ótkizilgen kelissóz-mәjiliste tiyisinshe rәsimdelgenining basy-qasynda bolghan. Oghan deyin Alashordanyng Batys bólimining qúrylu tarihy men sayasy maqsaty jóninde Qazrevkomgha ýzengilesterimen birge hat jazyp, «...biz, Alash­orda ókilderi, ...uaqytsha biylikke jәne qazaqtyng sayasy ómirin basqarugha halyqtyng óz shaqyruymen keldik, ókimet biyligining barlyq auyrtpalyghyn kóterdik... ...Biz ózimizge senip tapsyrylghan biylikti Qazaq revolusiyalyq komiytetine ótkize otyryp, qazaq halqynyng negizgi ústanymy – basqarudaghy derbestigi búzylmaytynyna sendik. Qazrevkom da biz qyzmet etken iydeyagha, Qazaq ólkesin avtonomdy basqaru iydeyasyn jýzege asyrugha júmystanady dep sanadyq. Biz ...qazaq halqynyng ózin saqtap qalu ýshin memlekettik biyligi, apparaty boluy kerek degen sayasy oidy jaqtaushylarmyz. Bizde Qazaq ólkesin basqaratyn joghary organgha úmtylu niyeti mýldem joq, alayda el ýshin enbek etuden búdan bylay da ayanbaymyz», – dep habarlady.

Odan әri oqigha bolisheviktik ruhta óristetildi de, keyin, OGPU tergeushisine bergen kórsetuinde  Jansha Dosmúhamedov Qazrevkom tóraghasy Stanislav Pestkovskiy Mәskeuge bastap әkelgen serikterining Halel Dosmúhamedov, Isa Qashqynbaev, Kәrim Jәlenovten keyingi besinshisining familiyasyn úmytyp qalghandyqtan (ózinen on jas kishi qyzmetkerin әdette esimimen ghana atap jýrgendiginen bolar) atyn ghana aityp, «bizding intendantymyz» degen-di. Alash-Orda batys bólimining búdan arghy taghdyryn Býkilresey Ortalyq atqaru komiyteti (VSIYK) sheshedi dep ortalyqqa jiberilgen bes basshy qayratkeri qataryndaghy búl jiyrma eki jasar jas intendant – Berkinghaly Atshybaev bolatyn.

Onyng ómir joly, jalpy Batys Alash-Ordanyng tauarihy tәuelsizdik jyldary, әsirese bertinde, ýstimizdegi ghasyr basynda tәp-tәuir zertteldi. Negizgi derekter ensiklopediyalyq anyqtamalyqtarda jariya boldy, Jahanshah Dosmúhamedov atyndaghy «Qayratker» qoghamdyq qorynyng tórayymy ghalym Dәmetken Sýleymenova ýzbey jariyalap jýrgen Alash qozghalysy jónindegi ghylymy maqalalarynda, «Alashordanyng Batys bólimining tarihy – ólke tarihynyng qúramdas bóligi» atty monografiyasynda búryn beymәlim kóp jәitting betin ashty. Batys ólkening tarihy taqyrybyna údayy qalam terbegen,  kóptegen sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandary esimderin janghyrtugha belsene at salysqan belgili qalamger Ábilqayyr Span, jurnalist-tarihshy, keyipkerimizding tuysy Janat Núrmahanova, belgili qalamger Syrym Baqtygereyúly  merzimdi basylymdarda Atshybaevtyng ómiri men qyzmetin arnayy zerttegen maqalalaryn shyghardy...

Sonymen, Berkinghaly Múqashúly Atshybaev 1897 jyly qazirgi Atyrau oblysynyn Qyzylqogha audanyndaghy Miyaly auylynda saudamen shúghyldanatyn dәuletti kisining otbasynda dýniyege kelgen. Sol kezgi Guriev ýiezining Esbol bolysyndaghy bir synyptyq orys-qazaq mektebinde oqydy,  sosyn Oral kazaktarynyng imperiya boyynsha jaqsy oqu orny sanatynda tanylghan, jaratylys ghylymdarynyng negizderin jәne matematikany oqytugha basymdyq beriletin  naqty (realidy) jalpyәskerlik uchiliyshesinde orta bilim aldy. Orys, nemis tilderin jaqsy bilgen. II Jalpyqazaq sezi sheshimine sәikes Jympityda úiymdastyrylghan  ofiyserler dayarlaytyn alty ailyq yunkerler mektebin 1918 jyly praporshik shenimen bitirdi. Sodan Alashorda batys bólimining bas intendanty qyzmetine taghayyndalghan Atshybaevtyng belsendi enbek joly bastaldy. Mindetin biliktilikpen tynghylyqty atqaruy nәtiyjesinde aimaqtaghy túnghysh qazaq (alash) әskerin qajet azyq-týlik, kiyim-keshek, qaru-jaraq, oq-dәri, qily múqtaj qúralmen kidirissiz qamtamasyz etip túrdy. Batys bólimning qaruly kýshin jabdyqtau jolynda, qajet kerek-jaraqqa qol jetkizu ýshin – Qyzylqogha, Saghyz ýiezdik zemstvolar arqyly Sibirding ontýstik-batys astyqty aimaqtaryndaghy kooperativtermen, Oral, Ilbishin, Qaratóbe bazarlarynda jergilikti kazaktarmen aiyrbas sauda jasaudy jolgha qoydy. Oral kazaktarynyng әskery ýkimeti arqyly aghylshyn qarularyn, Samarada qúrylghan Qúryltayshy jinalys mýshelerining komiyteti (Komuch) arqyly besatarlar, oqshasharlar, zenbirekter jәne avtomobilider alugha atsalysty. (Auyzeki estelikte aitylatynday, onyng birin – Batys Alashorda tóraghasy Jahanshah mingen mashinany arnayy konservasiyalap – jylqy mayyna shylanghan kiyizge orap – qúmgha kómip jasyrudyng basy-qasynda boluy da ghajap emes). Osylay, әskery sharuashylyqty mýltiksiz úiymdastyryp-basqaryp jýrgendikten de, «Qazaq últtyq Alashorda ýkimetining Batys bólimin taratu turaly» 1920 jyldyng 5 nauryzynda arnayy mәsele qaraghan Qazaq әskeriy-revolusiyalyq komiyteti  Berkinghaly Atshybaevty Alashorda ýkimeti Batys bólimining jauapty basshylary qatarynda  «Sovet ókimeti Qazaq ólkesinde bekem ornyghyp bolghansha qazaq enbekshilerinen oqshau ústau» qajet degen qauly aldy. Óitkeni Qazrevkom olardyng qazaq dalasynda jýrui jergilikti jerde sovettik tәrtip iydeyasyn jýzege asyrugha ziyandy әser etui mýmkin dep bilgen-di. Sondyqtan da  Jansha Dosmúhamedov, Halel Dosmúhamedov, Isa Qashqynbaev, Karim Jәlenov jәne Berkinghaly Atshybaev 1920 jylghy aqpanda VSIYK-ting qúzyryna jiberilgen bolatyn.

Qazrevkom qazaq dalasynda kenestik biylik ornaghangha deyin elden jyraqta ústalsyn dep úigharghan osy bes alashordalyq qayratker ishinen sol jylghy jazghytúrym Orynborgha Atshybaev qana qaytaryldy. Ol Qazrevkomnyng Ishki ister bólimining mengerushisi Ábdirahman Áytiyevting úsynysymen 12 mausymda revkomnyng is jýrgizushisi qyzmetine bekitildi. 1921 jyldyng qyrkýieginen Týrkistan jәne Búhara respublikalarynda Qazaq Ortalyq Atqaru Komiytetining ashtyqpen kýres jónindegi tótenshe ókili bolyp, asharshylyqqa úshyraghan aimaqtargha azyq-týlik jetkizude kóp enbek sinirdi. 1922 jyldyng qyrkýieginen bastap, Orynborda әleumettik tәrbiyeshiler dayarlau jónindegi kurstyng mengerushisi, odan Shymkenttegi emdik shópterden, negizinen jusannan dәri jasaytyn «Santoniyn» zauytynda («Santoniyn» tresinde) istegen. Zertteushiler keltirip jýrgen derekterge qaraghanda, ol 1928 jyly Mәskeudegi Tau-ken akademiyasy múnay fakulitetining geologiya bólimine oqugha týskenge deyin basqa da júmystarda – Halyq sharuashylyghynyng jogharghy kenesinde (VSNH),  Aqtóbe oblysynyng újymsharlyq qozghalysqa jәrdemdesetin «Qazaq ólkelik odaghynda» («Kazkraysoyzda»),  sonday-aq  Joghary Sottyng jazbasha audarmashysy bolyp ta júmys istegen kórinedi. «Memlekettik kәsipshilikterding әkimshilik jәne injener-tehnikalyq personalyn esepke alu kartochkasynda» búlargha qosa «kadrlar dayarlau jәne kәsiptik-tehnikalyq bilim bólimining mengerushisi, nemis tilindegi tehnikalyq әdebiyetti erkin oqidy» degen de mәlimetter bar eken.  Orynborda istegen jyldary qazaq әn-kýiin jinap jýrgen әigili Zataevich Atshybaevtyng oryndauynda Múhittyng eki-ýsh әnin,  solardyng ishinde «Pankóilekti» jazyp alypty...

1930 jyly tórtinshi kurstaghy Berkinghaly «alashordashyl, sovettik qoghamgha jat element» degen aiyppen oqudan shygharylghan. Sol jyly ol Guriev (Atyrau) qalasyna kelip, «Embi-múnay» («Embanefti») tresine qyzmetke kirgen de, 1937 jyly qazan aiynda tútqyngha alynghangha deyin týrli lauazymda istep, jogharyda atalghan manyzdy júmystardy jýzege asyrghan. Anyqtamalyqtarda berilgen mәlimetke qaraghanda, jeltoqsan aiynyng ayaq kezinde Gurievten sol shaqtaghy oblys ortalyghy Oral qalasyna aidalyp, sodan habarsyz ketken. Zayyby Lidiya Georgiyevna Sofenreyter 1956 jylghy 6 sәuirde KSRO Áskery Prokuroryna kýieui Atshybaev Berkinghaly Múqashúlyn  aqtaudy súrap jazghan ótinishinde ony 1937 jylghy 27 qazanda Gurievte Ishki Ister Halyq Komissariatynyng qyzmetkerleri ústap әketkenin, sodan 1938 jyldyng mamyr aiynda «Oralgha jóneltilgen, tiri emes» degen sybysty estigenin aitypty.  Biraq tergeu oryndary arhivterinen Atshybaevtyng ghúmyry qalay ýzilgeni jayynda naqty derek tabylmady. Tek alghashqy jazghan ótinishinen bir jyl segiz ay ótkende ghana «ólgennen song aqtalghany turaly anyqtama» keldi. Ontýstik Oral әskery okrugining әskery prokuraturasy Berkinghaly Múqashúly Atshybaevty 1957 jyly 6 jeltoqsandaghy qaulysymen reabilitasiyalaghan-dy.

Tau-ken jynystarynyng qúrylymy men qúramyn zertteudegi negizgi ghylymy mindetterin ýzbey atqarumen qosa, alghashqy ghalym-geologtardyng qayghyly taghdyrlaryn qarastyrugha,  otandyq geologiyanyng úmytylghan betterin izdestiruge erekshe kónil audaryp jýrgen Qazaqstandaghy jetekshi litolog Nәzir Ázirbaev  stalindik qughyn-sýrginder diyirmenine birinshi kezekte ziyaly qauym, onyng ishinde últtyq ghylym mýddesine jan-tәnimen qyzmet etken jer qyrtysy baylyghyn zertteushiler týskenine kýmәndanbaydy. «Qazaq halqynyng búl danqty úldaryna kontrrevolusiyalyq, tynshylyq-diyversiyalyq qyzmet istedi, qazaqtyng antisovettik últshyldyq úiymyna belsendi týrde qatysty,  troskistermen jәne japondyq barlaumen baylanys jasady degen kisi kýlerliktey senimsiz, sonymen birge josyqsyz, әsiresúmdyq aiyptaular taghyldy», – dep jazdy ol. Sovettik jazalaushy organdardyn,  qúpiya qyzmetting 30-ynshy jyldarghy jasandy jau somdau jolynda oidan shygharghan aiyptaryn tútqyngha moyyndatpaq bop jasaghan is-әreketteri shyndyqty tereng býrkemelegeni dausyz, әsirese Berkinghaly Atshybaevtyng týrmedegi taghdyrynan iz qaldyrmay, qújattardy izim-qayym joyyp jiberui múnyng rastyghyna kýmәn keltirmeydi.

Júbayy, nemis qyzy Lidiya Sofenreyter bolashaq jary Berkinghalidy alghash ret 1933 jyly geologiyalyq partiyada kezdestirgen eken. Qyzdyng úghymynda ol ziyaly, júghymdy jan-tyn. Atshybaev jaqsy geolog retinde tanymal, geologiyalyq partiyanyng bastyghy bolatyn, al búl Guriev múnay tehnikumynyng geologiya fakulitetining praktikadan  ótushi studenti edi. Student qyz Berkinghalidy «óte adal, elgezek, bilimdi adam» dep tanydy. 1933 jәne 1934 jyldarghy óndiristik tәjiriybeden ótu merzimin  sonyng tobynda ótkerdi. Ekeui 1935 jyly ýilendi. Bir jyldan song dýniyege qyzbala  kelgen, biraq 1937 jyldyng shildesinde kýtpegen jerden shetinedi. Lidiyanyn  ekinshi balagha ayaghy auyr edi. «Kónilin sergitu ýshin» Berkinghaly kelinshegin Mәskeuge aparghan, sonda 18 tamyz kýni úlbala tudy... Kelinshegi erin erkelep ataytyn esimdi qaytalap, balasyna Berken dep at qoyghan. Sosyn Lidiya jórgektegi Berkenmen elge oraldy, al Berkinghaly sharualarymen Mәskeude qala túrdy. Sodan Lidiya júbayyn  Gurievte 24 qazan kýni qarsy alghan-dy, biraq kelgenine ýsh kýn óter-ótpesten ony NKVD-likter alyp ketti.   Sondaghy Berkenining Lilusyasyna aitqan songhy sózi mynau boldy: «Men eshqanday da kinәli emespin, Lilusya, shyda. Bәlkim jyl óter, biraq bәri de anyqtalady, oralamyn». Alayda oralmady, ol kýieuin sodan qaytyp kóre alghan joq. 22-aq jasta edi, artynda eki ailyq sәbiymen qaldy. Týrmeden  eki ret hat aldy. Birinshisinde: «Lilusya, sening tughandaryna baruyndy jón sanaymyn, solay etu ózing ýshin de, Berbishka ýshin de jaqsy bolady. ...Maghan shay, mahorka men qaghaz, kitap, qant satyp alyp berip jiber. Senderdi qatty sýiemin. Berken», – dep jazghan-dy. Ekinshi hatpen

«22 qarasha kýni 1 par qolghap, etik, shúlghau, ish kiyim, shúlyq qabyldap alghandyghy turaly» tútqynnyng qolhaty jetti...

– Uaqyt ótip jatty. Berken Múqashúlynan solardan basqa eshqanday habar kelmedi. Mening saualyma eshkim jauap bermedi, – dep eske aldy bertinde Lidiya Georgiyevna. – 1938 jyldyng kóktemining sonyna taman «Atshybaev tiriler arasynda joq, ol turaly qaladaghylardyng kóbi biledi» degen qaueset tarap ketti. Ile-shala júrt onyng ólimi «ashtyq jariyalaghanynan» boldy, «jauap alu kezinde tergeushi atyp tastaghan», «esin bilmeytin aurugha shaldyqqan-mys» dep, san-saqqa jýgirtip jatty. Berkenning qazasynyng shyndyghy osy kýnge deyin beymәlim. Sap-sau shaghynda týrmege qamalghan adam iz-týzsiz, óli-tirisi belgisiz kýide joghaldy da kete bardy. Partiyanyng XX sezinen song men SSRO Áskery prokuraturasyna, odan song Chkalov (Orynbordyng 1938–1957 jj. aty – B.Q.) qalasyndaghy Ontýstik Oral әskery prokuraturasyna súrau salyp hat jazdym. Barlyq arhiv aqtaryldy, ong habar bolmady. Almaty men Aqtóbe de jartymdy jauap bermedi. Bir sózben aitqanda, tútqyn Atshybaev úshty-kýili joq bop ketti. Ol jayynda tek qana Guriev týrmesining tirkeu jurnaly «tónkeriske qarsy dep aiyptalghan B.M. Atshybaevtyng 1937 jyldyng jeltoqsanynda Oralgha etappen jiberilgeni» turaly jazbasymen sarang habar qaldyrypty. Sonda mening kóz jasymdy tógip: «Búl qalay, sonda? Qapasta qoldan ólgen adamnyn, eng bolmasa, óli deregi de tabylmay ma? – degen saualyma prokuror: «Sirә, búl jerde aiyptalushygha qatysty qaghazdyng bәrin joyyp jiberuge mәjbýrlegen bir zúlymdyq jasalghan ghoy», – dep jauap berdi...

Totalitarizm dәuirindegi stalinizm qylmystarynyng bir parasy osynday bolghan. Múndaylardy әshkereley beru óz aldyna, býgingi úrpaqtyng  moynyndaghy oryndaluy jón bolmaq paryz retinde mynany eske salghymyz keledi:  әngimemizding negizgi taqyryby etip alghan alghashqy qazaq tehnikalyq intelliygensiyasynyn, onyng ishinde qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan múnayshy-geologtardyng biri әm biregeyi, Alash-Azattyq qúrylymynyng sarbazy jәne sovet injeneri Berkinghaly Múqashúly Atshybaevtyng jasampaz isterge toly qayghyly taghdyryna, onyng el mýddesine arnaghan qyzmetine  jan-jaqty nazar audaru qajet, óitkeni ol býgingi, ertengi óskeleng úrpaqqa ýlgi bolarlyq túlgha. Onyng ómir sýrgen zamany men beynesin óner kýshimen janghyrtyp, jastardy otanshyldyq ruhta tәrbiyeleu isine paydalanu bek útymdy shara bolmaq. Sonymen qatar 20-synshy, 30-ynshy jyldary endi-endi qalyptasyp kele jatqan injenerler qauymy men olardyng tarihy qyzmetterin janasha jýielep, zamandastarymyzgha qazirgi tandaghy mindettermen sabaqtastyra  tartudyng tәuelsizdik múrattarymen keremet ýilesim tabaryna eshkim shәk keltire almas degen oidamyz.

Beybit Qoyshybaev,

«Ádilet» tarihi-aghartu qoghamy tóraghasynyng orynbasary, jazushy, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty

Abai.kz

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