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Ertis ormanynyng ertenin kim oilaydy?
Pavlodar oblysy – ekologiyasy eng auyr aimaqtardyng biri. Osydan bolar, elimiz boyynsha onkologiyalyq syrqatqa shaldyghudan birinshi orynda túr. Jәne osynday qaterli dertten kóz júmatyndardyng da sany basqa ónirlerge qaraghanda, búl jaqta basym. Sebebi aimaqta jer asty kenin qazyp, ony óndeytin, elektr quatyn óndiretin ondaghan iri kәsiporyn júmys isteydi. Búlardyng kóbi atyshuly Euraziyalyq toptyng (ENRC) iyeliginde. Kәsiporyndardyng júmysy ekologiyalyq talapqa say kelmeytini jóninde talay mәrte dabyl qaghyldy. Biraq odan әzirshe eshqanday nәtiyje bolmay túr. Osynyng saldarynan Ertis ónirinde adam densaulyghy men tabighatqa tónip túrghan qaterding qanshalyqty qauipti ekenin tómendegi derekterden bayqaugha bolady.
Pavlodar oblysy – ekologiyasy eng auyr aimaqtardyng biri. Osydan bolar, elimiz boyynsha onkologiyalyq syrqatqa shaldyghudan birinshi orynda túr. Jәne osynday qaterli dertten kóz júmatyndardyng da sany basqa ónirlerge qaraghanda, búl jaqta basym. Sebebi aimaqta jer asty kenin qazyp, ony óndeytin, elektr quatyn óndiretin ondaghan iri kәsiporyn júmys isteydi. Búlardyng kóbi atyshuly Euraziyalyq toptyng (ENRC) iyeliginde. Kәsiporyndardyng júmysy ekologiyalyq talapqa say kelmeytini jóninde talay mәrte dabyl qaghyldy. Biraq odan әzirshe eshqanday nәtiyje bolmay túr. Osynyng saldarynan Ertis ónirinde adam densaulyghy men tabighatqa tónip túrghan qaterding qanshalyqty qauipti ekenin tómendegi derekterden bayqaugha bolady.
Mysaly, tazalap, zalalsyzdandyrghannyng ózinde 2012 jyly auagha 676 tonna ziyandy qaldyqtar bólingen eken. Onyng 73,4 payyzy gaz jәne súiyq týrinde bolsa, 26,6 payyzy – qatty qaldyqtar. Búlardyng 65,1 payyzy energiya óndiretin kәsiporyndardan, 34,7 payyzy óndeushi kәsiporyndardan bólinipti. Sonda osy aimaqtaghy әr adamgha 1 tonnadan uly qaldyqtar “tiyesili” degen mәlimet beredi jergilikti ekologtar. Eng qauiptisi, búl kórsetkish jyl sanap artyp keledi. Aytalyq, ótken 2013 jyly tek Ekibastúzda ghana ornalasqan GRES-2 men “EEK” AQ (ekeui de Mashkevichting iyeligindegi ENRC-ge qaraydy) qorshaghan ortagha 2,5 milliard tenge kóleminde ziyan keltiripti. Al oblys aumaghynda búl sekildi ondaghan kәsiporyn bar ekenin eskersek, jaghdaydyng qanshalyqty qauipti ekenin ózderiniz týsine berinizder. “Memleketting basty baylyghy – adam” deytin bizding biylik әzirshe búl jaqtaghy adamdardyng taghdyryna osylay qarap otyr.
Eng bastysy, kәsiporyn basshylaryna әy deytin әje, qoy deytin qoja joq. Tipti arnayy bekitilgen zannamanyng talabyna say eskertu jasaghan adamdardyng ózi qughyngha úshyraydy. Ótken kýzde Pavlodar oblysynyng bas ekologiyalyq ispektory bolghan Qanat Qalmahanov ENRC-ge qarasty kәsiporyndardyng ekologiyalyq zannamany óreskel búzghanyn jariya etem dep basy daugha qaldy. Ol Pavlodardaghy “Aluminiy zauyty” AQ men Aqsu ferroqorytpa zauyttaryndaghy tazalaghysh filitrlerding sonau ótken ghasyrdyng 70-jyldary ornatylghanyn, paydalanu merzimi eki esege asyp ketkenin, al elektroliz zauytynda múnday filitrler atymen joq ekenin aitqan.
Osydan keyin kompaniyanyng atqarushy diyrektory Feliks Vulis ertoqymyn bauyryna alyp tulap, Qalmahanovtyng aitqany shylghy ótirik, ony sotqa berem dep doq kórsetti. Úzamay, Qalmahanovtyng júmys kabiynetining terezesinen bireuler jarylghysh shisha laqtyryp, órt qoyyp, biraz qújattary men kensetehnikasy janyp ketkenin estidik. Osy kezde arnayy izdep barghan bizder kezekti enbek demalysyna ketti degen ekologtyng “qyzmet babymen” basqa ónirge “auysyp” ketkenin bir-aq bildik. Mine, әdildik súraymyn degen adamnyng taghdyry bizde osylay sheshiledi. Degenmen, nege ekeni belgisiz, ENRC Qalmahanovty sotqa bermedi. Eger búl is jóninde sot prosesi jýrse, kimning aq, kimning qara ekenin biler edik.
Tabighy ortanyng búzylghanyn eng birinshi aghashtar sezedi deydi jergilikti ekolog-botanikter. Mysaly, sezimtal qaraghay aghashynyng qylqandary mezgilsiz sarghayyp, sauyldap týsip qalatyn kórinedi. Qazir oblys ortalyghyndaghy әrbir tórtinshi aghash syrqatqa shaldyqqan.
Sonymen, bizdegi atqarushy biylik zannamany belden basyp otyrghan aqshaly alpauyttardyng sózin sóileydi dedik. Sonda ekologiyalyq apatqa kim qarsy túrady? Sóitsek, búl qaterge qarsylyq kórsetetin tabighattyng ózi, anyghyraq aitsaq ormandy alqap kórinedi. Qaranyz, 1 gektar qaraghayly alqap sótkesine 8 tonnagha deyin kómirqyshqyl gazyn jútyp, 12 tonnagha deyin ottegin bóledi eken. Yaghni, osy ónirdegi eldi ekologiyalyq qaterden qútqaryp qalatyn aghashty alqap – Ertis ormandary. Sondyqtan bizder ormandy alqaptyng býgingi jay-kýiin bilmek bolyp, “Ertis ormandary” rezervatynyng búrynghy bas diyrektory Tólegen Shaharmanovqa jolyqqan edik.
– Rezervattyng qúramyna kiretin Shalday jәne Besqaraghay filialdarynyng iyeliginde 275 myng ormandy alqap bar, – deydi Tólegen Pishenbayúly. – Qazaqstannyng keybir aimaqtary men Kanada da ghana saqtalghan reliktili qaraghay osy jerde ósedi. Anyghyraq aitsaq, Reseyding Qúlyndy dalasynan bastau alyp, Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng Belaghash degen jerine deyin sozylatyn qaraghayly jolaq bar. Sonyng bizge 00,4 payyzy tiyesili. Biraq osynyng ózin otap qúrtyp jatyrmyz. Sol sebepten jogharyda aitylghan 275 myng alqaptyng jartysynan kóbi qazir otalyp ketken. Áriyne, onyng ornyna jas aghashtar egiledi. Sosyn ormandy alqap sol kýiinde saqtalyp túr dep, jogharygha jalghan aqparat beriledi. Al jas qaraghay ósip, kesuge jaraytyn jaghdaygha jetu ýshin, 70-ten 150 jylgha deyin uaqyt kerek. Yaghni, onyng paydasyn biz týgili, úrpaqtarymyzdyng kóru-kórmesi ekitalay. Eger aghashty zansyz kesu toqtalmasa, endi on jyldan keyin ormandy alqaptyng qanday jaghdayda bolatynyn kóz aldynyzgha elestete beriniz.
Tólegen Pishenbayúlynyng aituynsha, qaraghaydyng zәulim daraq bolyp boy kóteruine ghasyrgha juyq qajet eken, sonda biz ýshin onyng qúny altynnan da qymbat degen sóz. Biraq oghan әzirshe mәn berip jatqan eshkim joq dep otyr maman. “Býginde Ertis ónirining qaraghayy múnay men gaz sekildi jogharyda otyrghan “kókelerdin” qaltasyn toltyratyn tabys kózine ainalghan. Solardyng qoldauymen jyl boyyna ondaghan “jabayy brigadalar” qaraghaydy otap, Semeyge qaray asyryp jatady. Al jogharghy jaqqa ormandy jergilikti halyq kesip, órtep jatyr dep aqparat beredi. Halyq eshqashan rúqsatsyz aghash kespeydi. Sebebi salynatyn aiyppúl bar. Jәne olardyng otyn-suyna jetetin aghash qashanda tabylady. Ony satyp alady.
Al jaramdy aghashy otaudyng týrli joldary bar. Mysaly, orman sharuashylyghynda aghashty josparly týrde kesu degen bolady. Biraq sol josparly kesu kóbinese “josparsyz kesuge” ainalyp ketedi. Odan basqa órt sekildi tabighy apat bar. Keyingi tórt jyldyng ishinde 20-30 myng gektar alqap janyp ketti. Qazir Dýniyejýzilik damu banki ekologiyany saqtau ýshin milliondaghan qarjy bólip jatyr, sondyqtan júmysty dúrys jolgha qoigha bolar edi”, – deydi T.Shaharmanov.
Ózining aituynsha, Tólegen Pishenbayúly kezinde “Ertis ormandary” rezervatynda jay ormanshydan bas diyrektorlyqqa deyin kóterilgen eken. Sol ónirding azamaty bolghan son, shamasy kelgenshe zansyz aghash kesuge, úrlyq-qarlyqqa tosqauyl qoyypty. Tipti orman ishinde osyndaylarmen aiqasyp, soqqygha da jyghylghan. Biraq onyng júmys tәsili jogharyda otyrghan keybireulerge únamay, aqyry qyzmetinen shygharyp tynady. Ángime ýstinde Tókeng zansyz aghash kesuge qoldau jasap, payda tauyp otyrghan orman sharuashylyghy basshylarynyng attaryn da atady. Biraq qolymyzda dәleldi qújattar bolmaghasyn, olardy kórsetudi jón dep tappadyq. Eger “Ertis ormandary” rezervatynyng basshylyghy bizben habarlasyp, sharuashylyq jaghdayynan naqtyly aqparat berem dese, qashanda dayynbyz.
Saylau Baybosyn,
Pavlodar oblysy
"Jas Alash" gazeti
