Ótken ghasyrdyng 70-shi jyldarynyng sonyna qaray, balalar gazetining bastapqy qadamdaryn zertteu maqsatymen eski tigindilerdi qarap jýrip, ózime birer qyzyq janalyq ashqan edim... Birinshiden, 1934 jylghy mausym aiynda, yaghny Qazaqstan jazushylarynyng 12–18 mausym aralyghynda ótken birinshi sezi qarsanynda, balalar men jastar baspasózi Qazaq Respublikasynda qazaq balalar әdebiyetin jasau qajettigi haqynda mәsele kótergenin bildim. Áueli 5 mausymda «Pioner» (qazirgi «Úlan»),  izinshe «Leninshil jas» (qazirgi «Jas Alash») gazetteri «Balalar әdebiyetin jasayyq» degen bas maqala berdi. Áygili әdebiyetshi-ghalym aghamyz Túrsynbek Kәkishev bertinde, 50-shi jyldary, búl bas maqalanyng Sattar Elubaev qalamynan shyqqanyn anyqtap, ony jastardyng sýiikti jazushysynyng shygharmalar jnnaghyna qosqan-dy. Mine sol tuyndysynda Sattar sovettik tynys-tirshilikti beyneleytin qazaq balalaryna arnalghan әngimeler men ólenderdin, jas oqyrmanyn «shyn kommunistik ruhta tәrbiyeley alatyn» kitaptardyng joqtyng qasynda ekenin aitqan jәne ony dúrystau joldaryn kórsetken-tin. Ári Qazaqstan jazushylarynyng týnghysh qúryltayy ashylar tústa qazaq  balalar әdebiyetin jasaushylargha jýkteler mindetterdi tújyrymdaghan edi. 

Zaman talabyna sәikes keletin balalar әdebiyetin jasau mәselesin osylaysha túnghysh kótergen Sattardyng 1933 jyly Leningradtan joghary mektepti bitirip oralghan song aldymen «Leninskaya smena» gazeti redaktorynyng orynbasary, odan keyin «Leninshil jas» gazeti redaktorynyng orynbasary bolyp qyzmet atqarghany barshagha belgili-tin, alayda onyng «Pioner» gazetinde de istegeni beymәlim bolatyn, әiteuir búl jayynda óz basym eshtene bilmeytin edim. Qarap otyrsam – zamanauy ózgeristerdi kórsetuge kirise almay kele jatqan balalar әdebiyeti jayynda dabyl qaqqan «Pionerdin» atalghan sanyna ol – jauapty redaktor, al osy ózekti mәselening manyzdylyghyna airyqsha nazar audarghan «Leninshil jasqa» jauapty redaktordyng orynbasary lauazymymen qol qoyypty... Demek 1934 jyldyng alghashqy jartysynda Erubaev baspasózde osy eki jauapty lauazymdy qatar atqarghan. Onyng balalar gazetinde de redaktor bolghanyn biluim men ýshin quanyshty janalyq edi...

Qazaq auyz әdebiyetinde balalardyng ruhany súranysyn qanaghattandyratyn qiyal-ghajayyp әngime-ertegiler, qily batyrlyq jyrlar jetkilikti ekeni barshagha ayan. Degenmen dýniyeni dýr silkindirgen kýrt ózgeris zamany bizding ólkemizde de ornyqqandyqtan, sol revolusiyashyl ghalamat jana dәuir talabyna say jana әdebiyetti órimtal oqyrman ýshin de jasau mәselesi kýn tәrtibine súranyp túrghan-dy. Múny «Kishi Qazan» dauylyn soqtyryp, qazaq auyldaryn «tazalaudy» kózdegen solaqay sayasattyng apatty saldarlaryn jong nauqanyna atsalysugha shaqyrylghan azamattar qataryna baspasóz maydanynda enbek etu jolymen qosylghan jiyrma jasar Sattar Erubaev aiqyn úghynghan-túghyn. Sondyqtan da ol gazetting nasihatshylyq, ýgitshilik әm úiymdastyrushylyq  qasiyetin arqa tútyp, osynau ózekti mәselege jogharyda kórsetilgen retpen jedel de sergek ýn qatty.  Bas maqala jazumen qatar Sattar arnayy úiymdastyryp, gazetting ishki qos betine mәselening ózektiligin naqtylay týsetin materialdardy toptap basty. Atap aitqanda, «Joldas jazushylar! Tónkeristing ýshinshi buyny talap etedi!» degen ýlken qaratpa-taqyryppen pioner-jetkinshekterding ótinish-tilegin, «Jazushylar dayynbyz» degen taqyryppen «joldas jazushylardyn» balalar tilegin qanaghattandyru haqyndaghy oilaryn jariya etti.

Tilek bildirgender Áulieata (qazirgi Taraz) qalasyndaghy Karl Marks esimimen atalatyn mektep oqushylary-túghyn. Olar Aghartu komissary Temirbek Jýrgenov pen Ólkelik komsomol komiytetining birinshi hatshysy Qaysar Tәshtitovke jәne «Leninshil jas» pen «Pioner» gazetterining basqarmalaryna ashyq hat jazghan bolatyn. Ashyq hatta shәkirtter ózderining mektep qabyrghasyndaghy tynys-tirshiligin, oqu jayyn, oqudan tys uaqyttardaghy qoghamdyq júmystaryn, qala týbindegi újymdyq sharuashylyqqa baryp, «asyrandy qoyandargha, búzaulargha» qamqorlyq jasap jýrgenderin, jalpy pionerlik isterining qyzyq ta mazmúndy ekendigin bayandaghan. Sosyn  otryadtarynda bir kónilsizdik bar ekenin aitypty, óitkeni qazaq tilinde kórkem jazylghan qyzyqty bir kitap ta joq depti. «Bizge jaqsy balalar kitaby, oiyn, ólen, әngimeler, piesalar kerek» depti. «Jazushy aghaylar, bizge Respublikamyzdyng túrmysyn, Otanymyzdyng úly qúrylystaryn, erlerin, biz siyaqty balalardyng enbektegi erlikterin jazyp berinizdershi» dep súrapty. Bizding jaqqa kelip, mektebimizdi, baghyp jýrgen jas tólderimizdi kórsenizder – syrlasyp, әngimeleser edik depti...  Al jas óskinderding ashyq haty sonyna jazushylar odaghyn qúru sharuasyn tiyanaqtaytyn túnghysh sezdi dayyndap, ótkizu jónindegi  úiymdastyru komiytetin basqaryp jýrgen Iliyas Jansýgirovting jauaby, sonday-aq Ghabit Mýsirepov, Ábdildә Tәjibaev, Tayyr Jarokov pen basqa da aqyn-jazushylardyn  ózindik oi-pikirleri, uәdeleri  jariyalanghan eken...

Balalar men jastar basylymdarynyng 1934 jylghy búl jariyalanymy, sóz joq, óskeleng úrpaqqa arnalatyn kórkem әdebiyetti maqsatty týrde damytugha belgili dәrejede serpin berdi. Tiyisinshe, barshagha mәlim, kenes ókimeti túsynda qazaq balalar әdebiyeti   tamasha jetistikterge qol jetkizdi: balalar, jetkinshekter, jasóspirimder ómirinen jazatyn qalamgerler qatary kóbeydi, olardyng jekelegen tuyndylary әlem oqyrmandaryna tanyldy, óz elimizde memlekettik syilyqqa ie boldy...

Men 70-shi jyldardyng ayaghynda biraz uaqyt Jazushylar odaghynda Balalar men jasóspirimder әdebiyeti jónindegi shygharmashylyq kenesting jauapty hatshysy bolghan edim. Kenes otyrystarynda qalamdastarymyzdyng shygharmashylyqtaryn, jana kitaptaryn talqylaytynbyz. Birde әdeby jyl qorytyndysynda kenesting arnayy bayandamasyn da jasadym, al 80-shi jyldar basynda SSRO Jazushylar odaghyndaghy  balalar әdebiyetine arnalghan janrlyq kenes otyrysynda qazaq balalar әdebiyetining jay-kýii jayyndaghy oiymdy ortagha salyp, problemaly sóz sóiledim. Qysqasy, belgili dәrejede qazaq balalar әdebiyetining aghymdaghy tirshiligine aralasyp jýrdim. Tek saraptau, taldau jaghynan ghana emes, әriyne, óz shygharmashylyghymmen de. Al balalar taqyrybyna arnalghan shygharmashylyq júmystarym negizinen ózimning shәkirt shaghymdaghy mektep ómirinde bastan keshken balang tәjiriybelerden tamyr tartatyn. Búl kezeng Sattar әulieatalyq pionerlerding ashyq hatyn jariyalaghan uaqyttan shiyrek ghasyr ótken, ýlken soghys artta qalghan, el ensesin kótere bastaghan,  zaman jaqsaryp, mektep túrmysy erekshe jandana bastaghan  shaqqa say kelgen-tin. Aluan taqyrypty qozghaytyn balalar kitaby da kóbeygen: óz jazushylarymyzdyng jazghandary bar, әlem әdebiyetinen jasalghan nebir tamasha audarmalar bar, ne kerek, bәrin tynym tappay quyp jýrip, tapqan kitaptarymyzdy bitirgenshe bas almay oqushy edik. Ústazdarymyzdyng aqylymen olar jóninde týigenderimizdi arnauly dәpterimizge jazyp jýretinbiz. Pionerler ýiinde júmys isteytin qyzyqty ýiirmelerge, mekteptegi әrtýrli qoghamdyq júmystargha qatysatynbyz. Qoyan fermasyn úiymdastyrdyq, óndiristik brigada boldyq, sóitip qoghamiy-paydaly isterge de atsalystyq. Osynday joldargha baghyttaghan múghalimderimizding qily tәlimderi keyin shygharmashylyqpen shúghyldanghan shaqta sanada janghyryp,  jazylmaq tuyndynyng sujettik jelisin naqtylaugha kómektesip jatatyn.

Sattardyng jurnalistik júmysynyng keyipkerleri jazushylardan Otanymyzdyng úly qúrylystaryndaghy erler, ózderi siyaqty balalardyng erlikteri jóninde jazyp berudi súraghan edi ghoy.  Búl súranys odan keyingi jyldarda da, qazirgi tanda da eskirgen joq. Tek balalardyng tynys-tirshiligining mazmúny bayyp, kýrdelelilene týsti. Partiya men komsomoldyng qamqorlyghymen qaryshtap әrtaraptanghan pioner qozghalysy qyzyqty, tartymdy mazmúnda damyp jatty. Balalar әdebiyetining tanymdy boluyna zor mәn bergendikten Gorikiy «ekinshi tabighat» jayyn jas óskinge týsinikti etip jetkizuge jazushylar nazaryn audarghan, enbek tәrbiyesine «naghyz kommunist», yaghny shynayy azamat bop qalyptasudyng basty sharty retinde Lenin asa zor mәr bergen. Uaqyt óte kele, somdalmaq balghyn keyipkerlerding tynys-tirshiligi ótetin orta da, olardyng ózderi de Sattar alghash mәsele kótergen zamannan әldeqayda ózgerdi. Bertingi  qalamgerler «kemeldengen sosializm» óskinderi jayynda sol kezgi talapqa say keletindey kitap jazugha tyrysty. Men de óz shamamsha balalardyng mektep qabyrghasyndaghy túrmysynan, ústazdarynyng jetekshiligimen týrli ghylymy izdenisterge bet búruy, mektepting kókónis tanabynda týrli tәjiriybe jasauy, auyl syrtynda minisharuashylyq qúruy, ýlkenderge eliktep enbekti janasha úiymdastyrugha atsalysuy siyaqty taqyryptargha әngime, hikayattar jazdym. Oqu-tәrbie isterindegi standarttargha qaramastan qalyptasyp jatqan әrtýrli minez-qúlyqtar, bәribir oily balalardy tabystyratyn ortaq jәitter jayynda әngimeledim. Balausa órkenderding ghylymiy-tehnikalyq progress zamanyna say úshqyr qiyaldaryn samghatatyn fantastikalyq tuyndylar da jazdym, jetkinshekterge gharyshty iygeru zamanyna layyq qiyal-ghajayyp shygharmalar da bergendi dúrys kórgendikten, tauly aimaqtaghy lageride tynyghyp jýrgen pionerlerding ózge galaktikadan kelgen gharyshkerlerge úshyrasuy, ozat oqushylardyng kosmos liftimen astroqalashyqqa kóterilip, kók túnghiyghyndaghy erekshe lageride  shytyrman oqighalardy bastan keshuleri, sonday-aq balalardyng ómirden óz oryndaryn tabudy maqsat etu, el aralau, bilim quu syndy  oqighalaryn әngimeleytin hikayattar da berdim. Ne kerek, balalyq dәurenderi kenes dәuirinde ótken býgingi agha úrpaq ghajayyp shaq retinde eske alatyn zaman jayynan taghylymdy kitap úsyndym dep eseptedim ózimdi. Biraq zamanymyzdyng bir ereksheligi sol – kitap taralymy kýrt týsip ketken, býginde kitap qalyng oqyrmangha jetpeydi. Onyng ýstine kitap oqugha degen yntanyng kónil qúlazytarlyqtay azayghany da bar. Demek balalar әdebiyetining qazirgi tandaghy asa manyzdy mindeti – jas oqyrman jýregine tóte jol tabu bolsa kerek. Búl mәseleni sheshu jolyn Jazushylar odaghy da, onyng Balalar men jasóspirimder әdebiyeti kenesi de oilastyryp jatqany quantady.

Áriyne, tyng izdenister kerek. Ótken ghasyrdyng basynda ýlken әdebiyet әleminde Djek London jaryq kóruin ózi kórmey ketken «Ýsheuding jýrekteri» tuyndysy arqyly  shygharmany mýldem janasha jazu tәjiriybesin kórsetken edi, al ghasyr sonyna qaray әiel jazushy Djoan Rouling jetkinshek bitken sýisine oqityn Garry Potter degen bala turaly әigili seriyasyn bastap, on shaqty jyl ishinde jeti romanyn jariya etti. Seriyanyng týpnúsqadaghy kólemi  4195 bet eken, seriya tolyqtay nemese onyng jekelegen romandary 65 tilge audarylypty. Qyzyghy, balalar men jasóspirimder kitaptardan bastartyp, jappay elektrondy qúrylghylargha qúlaghan qazirgi jahandanu dәuirinde Garry Potter jayyndaghy romandar olardyng kitap oqugha degen yntasyn oyatyp, qyzyghushylyghyn kýrt arttyrghan kórinedi. Shamasy, múnday keyipker bizding әdebiyetimizde de tuuy kerek shyghar. Tek, mening oiymsha, bizding qalamgerler jasaytyn jas oqyrmanyn elitetin túlgha elin qatty sýietin otanshyldyq sezimimen erekshelenetin bolugha tiyis. Múnday oidy kezinde balalar baspasózin basqarghan, qalamgerlerdi jana zamangha layyq balalar әdebiyetin jasaugha shaqyrghan, ózi de «qandy qyzdyryp, jýrekti tulatatyn» shygharmalar jaza bilgen Sattar Erubaev birinshi kezekte qoldaghan bolar edi. Qazirgi jas jazushylarymyzdyng búl mәseleni sheshu jolyn batyl izdestiretinine kýmәn joq, búdan janrlyq kenesting býginderi qolgha alyp jatqan  úlan-ghayyr isteri ýmittendiredi.  Halqymyz tәuelsizdik jyldary ghana shyndap qauyshyp jatqan Alash qayratkerlerining taghdyry da izdenis ayasynda bolugha tiyis dep oilaymyn. Búl rette Kenesti basqarugha endi ghana saylanghan talantty balalar jazushysy, ózin qaytalanbas alashshyl túlgha, últ-azattyq qozghalys qayratkerlerining tanymal nasihatshysy retinde kórsetip kele jatqan Eldos Toqtarbay qalamdastaryna tiyisti baghdar berip, jeke shygharmashylyghymen de ýlgi kórseter degen senim bildirgim keledi. Otar tәueldiligi ahualynan birjola azat bolyp, erkin damu jolyna týsken elimizding keleshektegi tәuelsizdik tuyn ústaushylaryn tәrbiyeleuge balalar әdebiyeti qosar ýlesting arta týsuine barshamyz atsalysayyq.

Beybit Qoyshybaev

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