«Aqyldy qalanyn» qalqany

Sifrlyq sheshimder men Smart City tehnologiyalarynyng damuyna baylanysty kiyberqauipsizdik mәselesi aldynghy oryngha qadam basuda. Býgingi tanda «aqyldy qala» — tek beynekameralar men avtomattandyrylghan jýieler ghana emes, kez kelgen kirigu nýktesi әlsizdikke ainalu mýmkindigi bar kýrdeli sifrlyq ekojýie. Múnday qala tek tehnologiyagha ghana emes, túrghyndardyng senimine de qúlaq asady. Al onyng negizi — jeke derekterdi senimdi basqaru men qorghalghan sifrlyq infraqúrylym. Al, múnday jaghdayda kiyberqauipsizdik qalalyq ortanyng túraqty damuynyng negizgi faktoryna ainalyp, Qazaqstandaghy sifrlyq servisterding berik irgetasyn qalyptastyrugha qatysady.

2025 jylghy 8 qyrkýiekte Qazaqstan Preziydenti Qasym-Jomart Toqaev Qauipsizdik kenesining otyrysyn ótkizip, sifrlyq ortany qorghaudy kýsheytu, derekterding zansyz taraluynyng aldyn alu jәne kiyberqauipsizdik salasyndaghy qúzyretterdi damytu qajettigin atap ótti. Búl mindetter qalalyq infraqúrylymnyng damuy — beynebaqylau jýielerinen bastap, sifrlyq koll-ortalyqtar men TKSh platformalaryna deyingi mәselelermen tyghyz baylanysty.

Býginde sifrlandyru mektepterdi, auruhanalardy, kólik, sauda ortalyqtaryn jәne qalalyq alandardy qamtydy. Onda beynebaqylau kameralary, dabyl týimeleri, bet-әlpetti tanu jýieleri, jedel jәrdem kólikterindegi GPS-trekeri bar beynejetondar, «aqyldy» baghdarshamdar men taldau modulideri ornatyluda. Múnyng barlyghy qalalyq ýderisterding qauipsizdigi men ashyqtyghyn arttyrugha baghyttalghan.

Alayda osynday әrbir qúrylghy adamdardyng minez-qúlqy men ornalasqan jeri turaly derekterdi toptastyryp, sifrlyq infraqúrylymnyng osal buyndaryn tuyndatu әleuetine iye. Kiyberqauipsizdik dengeyi aqyldy qala sifrlyq ortasynyng qanshalyqty túraqty jәne senim tudyratynyn anyqtay týsedi, demek, onyng keleshegin de aiqyndaydy. Qauipsiz sifrlyq qala kiyberqorghaudan bastalady jәne ol innovasiyalar men túrghyndardyng jaylylyghy ýshin berik irgetasty qalaydy.

Sifrlyq derekter neghúrlym kóp bolsa — tәuekelder soghúrlym joghary

Osy kýngi platformalardy qoldanysqa engizu kóbine kiyberqauipsizdik pen azamattardyng derbes derekterin qorghau salasyndaghy qiyndyqtarmen qatar jýredi. Songhy jyldary alayaqtardyng bank qyzmetkerleri retinde ózin tanystyryp, zeynetkerlerding atyna nesie rәsimdegen kóptegen jaghdaylar tirkeldi. Sonymen qatar, osynday túlghalardyng әreketterinen studentterding jeke derekteri kópshilikke taralyp, birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qory bazasyna  qatysty alyp qashpa oqighalar tuyndady. Múnday jaghdaylar sifrlyq infraqúrylymgha degen senimdi әlsiretip, qalalar men olardyng túrghyndaryn qorghau mәselesin algha tartady. Dәl osy rette qoghamdyq kiyberqauipsizdik — sifrlyq kenistikti qorghaudyng negizgi elementi retinde basty nazargha ilige týsti.

Foto: Shutterstock.

Osynday mәselelerdi talqylaudyng eng iri alandarynyng biri Almatyda ótken KazHackStan 2025 forumy boldy. Is-sharagha memlekettik organdar men biznes qúrylymdardyng ókilderi, halyqaralyq sarapshylar qatysty. Forum barysynda QR SDIAÓM Aqparattyq qauipsizdik komiyteti tóraghasynyng orynbasary Ýmitjan Aryqbekova atap ótkendey, kiyberqauipsizdik býginde tek negizgi sifrlyq jobalardy qorghau ghana emes, sonymen birge memlekettik egemendikti jәne diplomatiyany nyghaytudyng qúraly bolyp otyr. «Qazaqstan kórshi eldermen belsendi yntymaqtastyq ornatyp, atqarylghan júmystyng tiyimdiligin rastap keledi. BÚÚ reytingi boyynsha Qazaqstan halyqaralyq standarttyng 90%-dan astamyn oryndap otyrghan memleketterding qatarynda. Býginde elimiz TMD men Ortalyq Aziyada kóshbasshy oryngha iye», — dep atap ótti ol.

Adamdar tehnologiyalardy sanaly jәne qauipsiz qoldanugha, aqparatty sýzgiden ótkizuge, kýmәndi siltemeler men qonyraulardan aulaq bolugha mashyqtanyp keledi. Aqparattyq gigiyena men qauipsizdik salasyndaghy bilim de arta týsude, al, osy rette tәjiriybede dәleldengen sapaly tehnikalyq sheshimderge degen senimdi úlghaytu da manyzdy — búl olardyng artyqshylyqtaryn tiyimdi paydalanugha mýmkindik beredi.

Foto: avtorlyq illustrasiya.

Qauipsiz әri, senimdi ómir sýru — әrbir sifrlyq iz qorghalghanda ghana mýmkin. Túrghyn ýi-kommunaldyq qyzmetter turaly derekter, jeke mәlimetter, sonday-aq sifrlyq jýielerdegi akkaunttardyng loginderi men qúpiya sózderi aqyldy qalanyng infraqúrylymyndaghy zamanauy tehnologiyalar arqyly senimdi týrde qorghalady. Kiyberqorghausyz bolashaqtyng qalasyn elestetu mýmkin emes — ol әrbir sifrlyq qadamnyng qauipsizdigin saqtaytyn qalqangha ainalyp, túrghyndardyng tynyshtyghyna kepil bolady.

Senim arhiytekturasy: sheshimderdi biriktirudegi platformalardyn róli

Integrasiyalyq platformalyq sheshimder qauipsizdikti qamtamasyz etude manyzdy ról atqarady. Olar bytyranqy jýielerdi birynghay basqarylatyn ekojýiege biriktirip, kelesidey mýmkindikterge jol ashady:

• jeke, minez-qúlyqtyq jәne tehnikalyq derekter aghyndaryn, sonday-aq sifrlyq ortadaghy oqighalardy ortalyqtandyrylghan týrde baqylaugha;
  • insiydentterge jedel әreket etuge;
  • kiyberqauipterdi erte kezende anyqtap, búghattaugha;
  • qúpiya aqparatqa qoljetimdilikti basqarugha;
  • qalalyq infraqúrylymnyng syndarly elementterin qorghaugha.

Múnday platformalarsyz shyn mәninde qauipsiz sifrlyq qalany qúru mýmkin emes.

Qazaqstan Preziydenti ózining songhy Joldauynda Smart City tújyrymdamasyn keneytu, halyqaralyq tәjiriybeni engizu jәne bilikti mamandardy tartudyng manyzdylyghyna toqtalyp, sheteldik jәne otandyq sheshimderdi biriktiruding ózektiligin erekshe kórsetti.

Aqyldy qalalargha arnalghan kiyberqorghau salasyndaghy halyqaralyq jetekshi oiynshylardyng qatarynda Palo Alto Networks, Cisco, Fortinet, sonday-aq qalalyq ómirding negizgi salalaryn keshendi avtomattandyrugha arnalghan әmbebap integrasiyalyq platforma INTEGRA-ny úsynatyn INTEGRA CITY kompaniyasy da bar. Platforma túrghyn ýi-kommunaldyq sharuashylyghy, kólik, shekara kýzeti jәne infraqúrylym salalaryndaghy prosesterdi qamtidy; «aqyldy qala» jәne «qauipsiz qala» jýielerin basqarady; syrtqy sheshimderdi biriktiredi; joghary dengeydegi qorghanysty jәne jergilikti retteulerge sәikestikti qamtamasyz etedi. Bolashaqta búl platforma Qazaqstannyng ónirlik jobalaryna integrasiyalanuy mýmkin.

«Biz paydalanushylardyng jeke derekterin saqtamaymyz jәne ýshinshi túlghalargha bermeymiz, búl biz ýshin asa manyzdy. Barlyq aqparat osy sheshimder әzirlenetin uәkiletti organdardyng baqylauynda qalady. Qazaqstanda kiyberqorghau taqyryby qarqyndy damyp keledi, jәne biz sifrlyq syndardy, derekter men qalalyq infraqúrylymnyng qauipsizdigin basqaru jolynda senimdi qúraldar men tehnologiyalyq platformany úsynugha dayynbyz. Árbir paydalanushynyng qúpiyalylyghyn saqtau — bizding basty qaghidamyz», — deydi INTEGRA CITY kompaniyalar toby Ortalyq Aziyadaghy ókildiginin basshysy Pavel Loran.

Foto: Pavel Loran, INTEGRA CITY kompaniyalar toby Ortalyq Aziyadaghy ókildigining basshysy.

Aqyldy qalalarda әrbir sensor, kamera men habarlaghysh — túrghyndar turaly manyzdy derekterdi qamtityn birynghay jýiening elementteri. Eger kiyberqauipsizdik túraqty bolmasa, múnday jýie osal buyngha ainalady. Sondyqtan kiyberqauipsizdik — aqyldy qalalardyn bolashaghy men túraqtylyghynyn negizgi faktory.

Qazirgi zamanghy sifrlyq platformalar tek tehnikalyq infraqúrylym ghana emes, azamattar, biznes jәne memleket qauipsiz jaghdayda ózara әrekettesetin ortany, dәlirek aitqanda, senim arhiytekturasyn  qalyptastyrady. Búl — bolashaqtyng irgetasy, onda tehnologiyalar әrbir adamnyng iygiligi men qauipsizdigi ýshin qyzmet etedi.

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