Qazaqstan – san ghasyrlyq kóshpendilik pen otyryqshylyqtyn, Shyghys pen Batystyn, týrli mәdeniyetter men tilderding toghysqan mekeni.

Búl kenistikte qalyptasqan qoghamdyq minez-qúlyqty bir ghana ólshemmen baghalau mýmkin emes. Ár etnostyng tarihy joly, túrmys salty, dýniyetanymy bar; sonymen birge olardy biriktiretin ortaq azamattyq alan, ortaq qúndylyqtar jýiesi qalyptasty. Qazaqstandaghy ózbek, kәris, úighyr jәne nemis qauymdarynyng minez-qúlyq erekshelikterin shamamyz jetkenshe sóz etkende, jalpylama stereotipke emes, mәdeny tәjiriybening sabaqtastyghyna, әleumettik ortadaghy beyimdeluge nazar audaru manyzdy, - dep oilaymyz.

Ózbek qauymy: enbek pen qauymshyldyq dәstýri

Qazaqstandaghy ózbek etnosynyng qoghamdyq minez-qúlqynda eng aldymen enbekqorlyq pen qauymshyldyq aiqyn kórinedi. Sauda-sattyq, eginshilik, qolóner salalaryndaghy belsendilik – ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan tәjiriybening jalghasy. Ózbek otbasylarynda ýlkenge qúrmet, tuystyq baylanysty saqtau, kórshilikke janashyrlyq tanytu siyaqty qúndylyqtar basym. Osy minez-qúlyq qala mәdeniyetinde de, auyldyq ortada da kórinis tabady. Dastarqan basyndaghy әdep, qonaqjaylyq, sózge ústamdylyq – ózbek qauymynyng әleumettik qatynastardaghy júmsaq, degenmen berik ústanymyn anghartady. Sonymen birge, qazaqstandyq ortada ósken jana buyn ózbek jastary bilim men kәsipkerlikke úmtylyp, dәstýr men zamanauy ómir saltyn ýilestiruge talpynuda.

Kәris qauymy: tәrtip pen bilimge qúrmet

Kәris etnosynyng Qazaqstandaghy tarihy auyr kezendermen sabaqtas. Sol tarihy synaqtardan ótken qauymnyng minez-qúlqynda tәrtipke, úiymshyldyqqa jәne bilimge degen erekshe qúrmet qalyptasty. Kәris otbasylarynda uaqytty tiyimdi paydalanu, jauapkershilik, úqyptylyq joghary baghalanady. Osy qasiyetter olardyng auyl sharuashylyghynda, ghylymda, medisinada, bizneste tabysty boluyna yqpal etti. Qoghamdyq qatynastarda kәris qauymy sabyrly, ashyq daudan góri kelisimge keludi jón sanaydy. Ýlkenge izet, kishige qamqorlyq kórsetu – otbasylyq tәrbiyening ózegi. Qazaqstandyq kenistikte kәris mәdeniyeti últtyq әdet-ghúrypty saqtay otyryp, kópetnosty qoghammen ýilesimdi ómir sýruding ýlgisin kórsetip keledi.

Úighyr qauymy: mәdeny sergektik pen kәsipkerlik

Úighyr etnosynyng qoghamdyq minez-qúlqynda mәdeny sergektik pen ómirge qúshtarlyq aiqyn bayqalady. Muzykagha, by men sóz ónerine jaqyndyq, merekelik dәstýrlerdi saqtau – úighyr qauymynyng ruhany bolmysyn bayytady. Sauda men shaghyn kәsipkerlikke iykemdilik, qonaqjaylyq, qarym-qatynastaghy ashyqtyq – kýndelikti ómirde kórinetin sipattar. Úighyr otbasylarynda úrpaqtar sabaqtastyghy, til men dәstýrdi saqtau manyzdy oryn alady. Qazaqstandyq ortada úighyr qauymy etnikalyq bolmysyn saqtay otyryp, jalpyúlttyq qúndylyqtargha belsendi týrde aralasyp keledi. Búl minez-qúlyq mәdeny aluandyqty bayytyp, qoghamdyq ómirge serpin beredi. Shetten kelip jatqan bizding qazaq qandastarymyzgha, - nege keldinder dep qazaqtardyng atynan aita bermender, qúrmetti aghayyndar! Talay ret jol jýrgende estip qaldyq.

Nemis qauymy: úqyptylyq pen jauapkershilik

Qazaqstandaghy nemis etnosynyng minez-qúlqynda jýielilik, úqyptylyq jәne jauapkershilik aiqyn seziledi. Tarihy taghdyrdyng qiyn kezenderi búl qauymda tәrtipke, óz enbegine adal bolugha degen berik ústanym qalyptastyrdy. Nemis otbasylarynda josparlau, kelisimge beriktik, sózge toqtau siyaqty qasiyetter joghary baghalanady. Qoghamdyq ómirde olar kóbine tynysh, biraq nәtiyjeli әreket etudi jón kóredi. Auyl sharuashylyghy, injenerlik sala, bilimdegi ýlesi – osy minez-qúlyqtyng jemisi. Qazaqstandyq qoghamda nemis qauymy azamattyq jauapkershilik pen kәsiby mәdeniyetting ýlgisin kórsetip keledi.

Ortaq kenistik jәne azamattyq minez-qúlyq

Jekelegen etnostardyng minez-qúlqyn sipattau – olardy jekelep kórsetu emes, kerisinshe, ortaq kenistiktegi aluandyqty týsinu. Qazaqstandyq qoghamda etnostyq erekshelikter uaqyt óte kele azamattyq biregeylikpen úshtasyp, jana sapagha ie boldy. Býginde «qazaqstandyq minez-qúlyq» degen úghym qalyptasyp keledi: ol – zangha qúrmet, beybitshilikke adaldyq, enbekti qadirleu, ózara syilastyq. Búl qasiyetter әr etnostyng mәdeny tәjiriybesinen nәr alyp, ortaq qúndylyqqa ainaldy.

Stereotipten sanaly týsinikke

Etnostyq minez-qúlyq turaly sóz etkende, qarapayym stereotipke úrynbau – negizgi talap. Ár qauymnyng ishinde san aluan taghdyr, týrli kózqaras, әrtýrli ómir salty bar. Sondyqtan, minez-qúlyqty «osylay boluy tiyis» dep shekteu demeyik, tarihiy-әleumettik ýderisterding nәtiyjesi retinde qarastyrghan jón.

Qazaqstandaghy ózbek, kәris, úighyr jәne nemis etnostarynyng minez-qúlqy – el tarihynyn, ortaq kenistiktin, ózara yqpaldastyqtyng jemisi. Olardyng әrqaysysy qoghamdyq ómirge ózindik renk qosyp, elding mәdeni, ekonomikalyq, ruhany damuyna ýles qosuda. Al osy aluandyqty biriktirip túrghan qúndylyq – beybitshilik pen ózara qúrmet. Búl qúndylyq saqtalghan jerde minez-qúlyq aiyrmashylyghy bólinuding emes, bayytudyng ózegine ainalady.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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