Tanymal tarihshy Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng taghdyry turaly jary Halima apay әngimeleydi
Kenes Odaghyndaghy әmirshil-әkimshil jýie qyrqynshy jyldardyng sony men eluinshi jyldardyng basynda ózining sharyqtau shegine jetti. Elde Stalinning jeke basyna tabynu beleng aldy. Intelliygensiyagha qatysty erkin oidy qudalaytyn sayasy qughyn-sýrginning ýshinshi kezeni bastaldy. Ahmet Júbanov Qajym Júmaliyev, Bek Sýleymenov t.b. ziyaly qauym ókilderi de qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady. Kórnekti ghalymdar Qanysh Sәtpaev, Múhtar Áuezovter qudalaugha úshyrap, Qazaqstannan ketip qalugha mәjbýr boldy. Leningrad pen Mәskeude "Leningradtyq is", "dәrigerler isi" "qoldan jasalyp" jatqan kezde, Qazaqstanda "Bekmahanov isi" payda boldy.

«Tanysuymyzgha sep bolghan - kitaphana»

Tanymal tarihshy Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng taghdyry turaly jary Halima apay әngimeleydi
Kenes Odaghyndaghy әmirshil-әkimshil jýie qyrqynshy jyldardyng sony men eluinshi jyldardyng basynda ózining sharyqtau shegine jetti. Elde Stalinning jeke basyna tabynu beleng aldy. Intelliygensiyagha qatysty erkin oidy qudalaytyn sayasy qughyn-sýrginning ýshinshi kezeni bastaldy. Ahmet Júbanov Qajym Júmaliyev, Bek Sýleymenov t.b. ziyaly qauym ókilderi de qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady. Kórnekti ghalymdar Qanysh Sәtpaev, Múhtar Áuezovter qudalaugha úshyrap, Qazaqstannan ketip qalugha mәjbýr boldy. Leningrad pen Mәskeude "Leningradtyq is", "dәrigerler isi" "qoldan jasalyp" jatqan kezde, Qazaqstanda "Bekmahanov isi" payda boldy.

«Tanysuymyzgha sep bolghan - kitaphana»

Tarihshy Ermahan Bekmahanov (1915-1966) soghys jyldarynda Almatyda bolghan belgili tarihshylar A.P.Kuchkiyn, A.M.Pankratova, V.D.Grekov jәne t.b. birigip 1943 jyly "Qazaq SSR" tarihyn әzirlese, al 1947 jyly "Qazaqstan HIH ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldarynda" atty monografiya dayyndaghan edi. Onyng Kenesary Qasymúlynyng kóterilisine qatysty kózqarasy últshyldyq sipatta-sayasy ziyandy dep sanaldy. Sóitip, E.Bekmahanov 1952 jyldyng 4 jeltoqsanda 25 jylgha sottaldy. Tek Staliyn  qaytys bolghannan keyin 1954 jyldyng 16 aqpany kýni Bekmahanovqa KSRO ishki ister ministrligi onyng ýstinen qozghalghan isting toqtatylghanyn mәlimdep, bostandyqqa shygharady. Sodan bastap 16 aqpandy Bekmahanovtar otbasy Ermúhannyng tughan kýni dep toylaudy ýrdiske ainaldyrdy. Áriyne, dәl osy aituly datagha oraylastyra almasaq ta, biz tarihshy Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng júbayy Halima Adamqyzyn arnayy izdep baryp, әngimelesken edik:
- Erekeng - tarihta ýlken iz qaldyrghan túlgha. Nebary elu jyl ghana ómir sýrse de, artyna mol múra tastap ýlgerdi, - dep bastady әngimesin Halima apa. - Ol kisi Omby, Orynbor, Mәskeu, Tashkent jerindegi bay múraghatta kýni-týni otyryp tynbay izdenetin. Ekeumizding tanysuymyzgha sep bolghan da sol kitaphana. Men ózim Tashkentte túratynmyn. 1946 jyly men diplomdyq júmysymdy jazugha sondaghy Nauay atyndaghy kitaphanagha barghanymda, Erekeng ghylymy izdenispen sol jerde jýr eken. Kórikti túlghasyna say kóp izdenetin jan ekeni kórinip túrdy. Tanysqannan bastap tez tiltabysyp kettik. Ol kisi menen eshqanday syr jasyrghan joq, birden ózining jary, ýsh balasy baryn, biraq júbayymen aralary onsha jaqsy emes ekendigin aitty. Biz segiz jyl zandy tirkeuden ótpey birge túrdyq. Sebebi júbayy ajyrasugha kelisim bermedi. Tek Erekeng repressiyagha úshyrap, týrmege jabylghanda baryp, balalaryna ziyany tiyip ketpesin dep,  eriksiz kelisimin berdi. Sóitip Ermúhan aqtalyp shyqqannan keyin, yaghny 1954 jyly zandy nekege otyrdyq. Men Erekennen on jas kishi bolghandyqtan, ol kisige qashanda arqa sýiedem, basymdy iyip  baghyndym. Talantty adamnyn  qashanda minezi erekshe bolady ghoy. Erekeng de sonday qatal, shynshyl, eshqashan ótirik sóilemeytin, sondyqtan ótirik sóileytinderdi de únatpaytyn kisi edi. Óz degenin tura aityp, naqty isteytin. Birde-bir bastyqtyng aldynda kezek kýtip otyrmaytyn. Kirip ketedi de, ózine keregin aitatyn. Adamdar arasyndaghy sýikimi keremet bolatyn da, bir kisi oghan qarsy kelmeytin. Ekeumiz birge ómir sýrgen jiyrma jylda men de birde-bir ret ol kisining betine qarsy kelip, «sen» degen emespin. Ýnemi «siz» deytinmin. Oqugha berilgen, kitapqúmar edi. Leningradta jýrgenimizde ýsh-tórt saghattap bukinistik dýkenderdi aralap, tarihy kitaptap izdeytin. Sonday kýnderding birinde  Shoqan Uәlihanovtyng 1904 jyly shyqqan kitabyn tauyp alyp, baladay quanghany esimde.
Ónerge jan-tәnimen ghashyq edi. Ýiimiz teatrdyng janynda boldy da, ýnemi keshkisin «azdap taza aua jútyp keleyin» dep ketedi de, sodan bir-eki saghat ótkennen song bir-aq oralady. Sol arada bir qoyylymdy kórip ýlgeredi eken ghoy. «Birjan-Sara» operasyn sonday jaqsy kórushi edi. Ózi de dombyra tartyp, pianinoda oinaytyny bar-dy. «Men eger ghalym bolmaghanda, әrtis bolar edim» dep kýlushi edi.

«Kenesaryny zertteuge Halel baghyt bergen-au... »

Ómirbayany «1915 jyly qazirgi Pavlodar oblysy, Bayanauyl audanynda Jasybay degen jerde kedey sharua Bekmahan Begenúlynyng shanyraghynda dýniyege keldi» dep keletin Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng Abylayhannyng úrpaghy ekeni keyingi kezderi ghana ashyq aityla bastady. Ákesi Ermúhan alty jasqa kelgende dýnie salsa, anasy Bәpish men qaryndasy asharshylyqta kóz júmyp, denelerining qayda qalghany da belgisiz qalypty. Sodan sýieu bolar eshkimi joq Ermúhan oqu-bilimge bas qoyyp, aldymen Bayanauylda jetijyldyq mektepti, odan keyin Semeydegi joghary oqu ornyna dayarlaytyn bir jyldyq kursty tәmamdaydy. 1933 jyly Qazaq AKSR oqu-aghartu halyq komissariatynyng joldamasymen Voronej qalasyndaghy memlekettik pedagogikalyq institutqa qabyldanyp, 1937 jyly sondaghy tarih fakulitetin bitiredi. Osy oqu ornynda oqyp jýrgeninde Bekmahanovtyng qazaqtyng songhy hany Kenesaryny zertteuge kirisuine týrtki bolarlyq bir oqigha oryn alady. Osy jóninde ghalymnyng júbayy Halima apa bylay dedi:   
- Voronejde jýrgenimde ýnemi bir qazaq kisini kóretinmin, -  deytin Ereken. «Osy kisi shynynda da qazaq bolsa ghoy shirkin» deytinmin. Shet jerde qandasyndy úshyratu qanday keremet! Kópke deyin bata almay jýrdim de, bir kýni aqyry janyna baryp, «agha, siz qazaqsyz ba?» dep súradym. Ana kisi «Iә balam, men qazaqpyn» demesi bar ma?!». Sóitse, ol Voronejge jer audarylghan alash ardaqtylarynyng biri Halel Dosmúhamedov eken. Solaysha ekeui ýnemi kezdesip, әngimelesip túrady. Halel Dosmúhammedov ózi dәriger bolsa da, tarihty jaqsy bilgen ziyaly adam. Al, Erekeng ol kezde auyldan endi ghana shyqqan, ózi oryssha oqyghan student. Sondyqtan Erekene Kenesary  handy zertteuge  baghyt bergen  de  sol Halel Dosmúhammedov shyghar deymin keyde. 
Han Kene jayly zertteu júmysyna kiriskeli jýrgende soghystyng qaraly habary jetedi.  Sol tústa QazKSR Oqu halyq komissariatynda mektepter basqarmasynyng bastyghy bolghan Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng maydangha attanbaq bolghan. Biraq bala jastan serigi bolyp kele jatqan ókpe auruy onyng aldyn kes-kesteydi. Er-azamattyng barlyghy Otan ýshin ot keship jýrgende,  elde әiel, bala-shaghamen qala berudi ar sanaghan ghalym qaru alyp jaugha qarsy soghyspasa da, soghys jýrip jatqan jerlerdi aralap, sol kezding tarihyn qaghaz betine týsiru júmysymen ainalysty. Soghys jaghdayyna baylanysty Qazaqstan jerine kelip júmys istegen Anna Pankratova, Nikolay Drujiniyn, Mihail Vyatkin sekildi orystyng myqty ghalymdarmen birge Ermúhan Bekmahanov ta Qazaqstan tarihyn jazugha kirisedi. Sonyng ishinde bir bólimi Kenesary han jayly bolady. Sol oqulyqtyng jazyluy múng eken, ayaq astynan dúshpandar payda bolyp, «búl últshyldyqty nasihattaytyn, baylar men handardy madaqtaytyn kitap» dep ayaqtan shalugha tyrysady. Áytse de tarihshy oghan bola saghyn syndyrmay, bastaghan isin әri qaray jalghastyra beredi. Ortalyq Komiytetting ózi tarihshynyng daryny men eren enbegin baghalap, kandidattyghyn qorghaugha ýsh aigha issapargha shygharady. Onday búryn-sondy tarihta bolmaghan oqigha eken. Sonyng arqasynda Ermúhan Bekmahanov  1943 jyly Mәskeude Kenesary han jayynda ghylymy dissertasiyasyn sәtti qorghaydy.

«Bayshyl Bekmahanov»  jәne 25 jyl...

Ghylym jolyna shyndap berilgen Ermúhan Bekmahanov aragha ýsh jyl salyp  1946 jyly «Qazaqstan 19 ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldarynda» degen taqyrypta doktorlyq dissertasiyasyn qorghaugha Mәskeuge qayta barady.
- Erekenning osynday sәtin kózben kórip, qasynda bolugha Mәskeuge men de bardym, - dep Halima apa sol bir shaqty kóz aldyna keltirgendey bir sәt. ýnsiz qaldy. Sonan son: - Sol jerde túnghysh ret Mәlik Ghabdullin aghamyzdy kórdim, - dep әngimesin qayta sabaqtady. - Batyr aghamyz Bauyrjan Momyshúly da qatysugha arnayy bardy.  Dissertasiya qorghalatyn zalgha Qazaq Ghylym Akademiyasynyng negizin qalaugha kýsh salyp jýrgen ataqty ghalym Qanysh Sәtbaev kirip kelgende, orys ghalymdary oryndarynan atyp túryp sәlem berdi. Sonday bedeli biyik túlghanyng ózi Erekenning qorghauyna qatysyp, bitkennen song «Bizding qazaq saltynda múnday jaghdayda mindetti týrde dastarhan jayyp, toy jasaydy. Sen de sol salttan attaghanday bolma» dep aqsha bergeni bar. Erekenning ýsh ay Mәskeude jýrip, qarajattan taryqqanyn aitpay-aq bilip, ózgelerding aldynda ensesi týsip qalmauyn oilaghan Qanekenning kóregendigi әri últ namysyn oilaghandyghy ghoy.
Solaysha Ermúhan Bekmahanov qazaq tarihshylarynyng ishindegi túnghysh ghylym doktory bolyp elge oraldy. Ejelgi dәuirden sol kezge deyingi kezendi qamtityn túnghysh «Qazaq SSR tarihy» Almatyda jaryqqa shyqty. Kenes respublikalarynyng túnghysh derbes tarihyn jazudyng bastamasy bolghandyqtan jәne oghan sonshama bedeldi ghalymdar kýsh salghandyqtan, búl kitap birden kózge týsti. Basylym Stalindik syilyqqa úsynylyp, sarapshylardyng alghashqy synynan sýrinbey ótti. Biraq avtorlardyng quanyshy kóp úzamay, kerisinshe, birneshe jylgha sozylghan bitpes daugha, al Bekmahanov ýshin tragediyagha úlasty. «Bekmahanov – feodaldyqty madaqtaydy, bayshyl, tipti dissertasiyany ózi jazbaghan, Ryazanovtan kóshirip alghan» degen sekildi neshe týrli jala jauyp, ayaqtan shalushylar әr-әr jerden bas kótere bastady. Soghan baylanysty qoghamda, baspasóz betterinde aitys-tartys jýrip, ghylymy enbek jogharghy attestasiyalyq komissiya eki jylday tirkeuge almay qoyady. Sonan song 1951 jyly jeltoqsan aiynda «Pravda» gazetinde jariyalanghan Bekmahanovty jerden alyp, jerge salghan maqala jaghdaydy odan sayyn ushyqtyryp jiberdi. Odan keyin Bekmahanovtyng býkil diplomdaryn sypyryp alyp, KazGU-de sabaq berip jýrgen kafedrasynan júmystan bosatyp, partiya qatarynan shygharady. Jer audaryp, sonau Qytaymen shekaradaghy auylgha qarapayym múghalim etip jiberse de, qynq demey, sonyng bәrine tózip, sonyn baqqan Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng myqtylyghy emey nemene?!. Aydauda jýrse de Qazaqstannyng Reseyge qosyluy atty enbegining qoljazbasyn Mәskeuge aparyp, qoldaugha ie bolghanda ghalym ózin elde «ýshtiktin» qúryghy kýtip túrghanyna mýldem beyhabar edi.
- Erekeng Mәskeuden sonday kóterinki kónil-kýimen oraldy. Ghalymdardyng ynta-yqylasy oghan qanat bitirgeni sonshalyqty, ol kisi ózining aidauda jýrgenin úmytyp ketkendey әserde jýrdi. Biraq, onysy úzaqqa barmady, - osylay degen Halima Adamqyzynyng óni búzylyp, ýninde diril payda boldy.  Sonan song qaltasynan betoramalyn alyp, kózine kelip qalghan jasyn sýrtti de әngimesin әri qaray jalghady. - Tamyzdyng otyzynda júmysqa kiriskennen nebary bes kýn sabaq berip ýlgerdi, altynshy kýn degende sabaq berip jatqan synybyna «ýshtiktin» jendetteri kirip keledi de, Erekendi abaqtygha alyp ketedi. Sodan ýsh ay tergeuge alyp, aqyry sot 25 jylgha qamaugha ýkim shygharyp, Ýlken Badayba lagerine jiberedi. Men de qarap qalmay joghary jaqqa hat jazyp, aryzdandym, ol kisining ústazy Anna Mihaylovna Pankratova da mening jazghan aryzymdy qarap shyghyp: «Ermúhan eshkimge jau emes, búl - әdiletsizdik. Sondyqtan Ermúhandy shygharugha  qolymnan kelgenshe kómektesemin» dedi. Ózim JenPIY-de sabaq beretinmin. Erekendi ústaghannan keyin men ýshin Almatyda qaludyng esh maghynasy qalmady. Sosyn ózimning ata-anam, tuystarymdy panalap Tashkentke kettim. Sol jaqta júmys istey jýryp, Erekene posylka men hat jiberip túrdym. Mәskeuge ýzdiksiz aryzdanumen boldym. Erekeng de týrmede qarap jatpay, Hrushevke, Shayahmetovke hat jazyp, jaghdaydy týsindirumen boldy. Maghan jazghan hattarynyng әrbirinde abaqtyda jatqan ózin emes, meni ayap, ertennen ýmit ýzbeuge shaqyratyn. Sóitip jýrgende 1953 jyly Stalinnin  qaytys boluy  keudedegi ýmit otyn  ýrledi dese bolghanday. Kóp úzamay Ermúhan aqtalyp, bostandyqqa shyqty.

«Ýlgere almay ketip baram...»

Jaqsy adamnyng kókireginde tek izgilik úyalaytyndyqtan, kekshildikke, kýnshildikke oryn joq. Ermúhan Bekmahanov qamaudan shyqqan song kezinde ózining balaghyna jarmasyp, ayaghynan shalghandargha kek qaytarudy qaperine de alghan joq. Ghylymda ózining bastaghan isin әri qaray jalghastyryp, qalayda sodan bir nәtiyje shygharudy ghana maqsat etti. Onysy shynynda jemisti bolyp, az ghana uaqytta búrynghy ataghy, ózining qolynan tartyp alynghannyng barlyghyn qaytaryp aldy. «Qazaqstannyng Reseyge qosyluy» degen taqyrypta taghy bir ret doktorlyq dissertasiya qorghap, eki mәrte tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory atandy, 1957 jyly oqulyq shyghardy. Ghalym әsirese, ómirining songhy jeti jylynda jantalasa júmys istedi. Ejelgi dәuirden bastap beri qaray jazyp kele jatqan tarih oqulyghyn jalghastyryp, «Qazaq KSR tarihynyng hrestomatiyasyn»,  «Ocherky istoriy Kazahstana HIH veka» atty oqu qúralyn, kóptegen maqalalar jazyp ýlgerdi. 1962 jyly Bekmahanov Qazaq KSR Ghylym akademiyasyna koorespondent mýshe bolyp saylandy. Qazaqstan tarihyn barlyq JOO-na engizu armanyna qol jetkizgennen keyin bir-eki jyldan song asyl azamat Ermúhan Bekmahanov 1966 jyly nebary 51 jasynda auyr nauqastan qaytys boldy. Onyng Bauyrjan Momyshúlymen qoshtasarda aitqan sózi: «Ýlgere almay ketip baram, keshiriniz!» bolsa kerek. Al osyghan halyq atynan keshirim súrap jauap bergendey Baukeng bylay dep jazypty: «Qadirin bilmeppiz ghoy tiri kezde, dep bozdar sorly qazaq men ólgende». Osy sózimdi Qanyshqa, Múhtargha arnap jazyp edim. Inim eding – senimen qoshtasyp, basyna qoyyp túrmyn. Jatqan jering torqa bolsyn. Árqashan da esimdesin, bauyrym. Jylaushy B.Momyshúly». Tarihshy, qayratker túlghanyng qaytys bolghanynan beri de mine qyryq eki jyl ótipti. Qazaq tarihynyng ghylymy irgetasyn qalau jolynda qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan  Ermúhan Bekmahanovtyng óz ómir tarihy da balday tәtti bolghan joq. Alty jasta әkesinen airylghan jas bala ashtyq uaghynda anasy men qaryndasynan da kóz jazyp qaldy. Atadan jalghyz qalghan ghalymnyng baghyna Qúday alty birdey perzent berdi. Ákelerining kóp oqityny, kóp izdenetini balalaryna ýlgi bolyp, túnghysh qyzy әke jolyn quyp, tarihshy bolsa, ózimen attas Ermúhan atty úly talay jyldar qazaq kinomotografiyasyna  qyzmet etip, býginde әkesining artynan baqigha attanypty. Biraq eng bastysy, úlydan úrpaq qaldy, últ tarihynda mәngi óshpes izi qaldy.

Mәriyam ÁBSATTAR.