Qazaqstan men Resey arasyndaghy baylanystar strategiyalyq seriktestikten bastap múqiyat tengerimge deyin kóp qyrly.  Elisin men Nazarbaevtyng preziydenttik kezenindegi Qazaqstan-Resey qarym-qatynastary kóp jaghynan býkil postkenestik kenistik ýshin aiqyndaushy faktor boldy. Búl KSRO ydyraghannan keyin ózara әrekettesuding jana modelining qalyptasu kezeni boldy.

Suret: yeltsin.ru saytynan alyndy.

Elisin men Nazarbaev kezeni

1991 jyldan keyin eki el de:

- tәuelsiz memleket qúrdy;

- tyghyz ekonomikalyq, әskery jәne mәdeny baylanystardy saqtap qaldy;

- egemendik pen integrasiya arasyndaghy tepe-tendikti izdedi.

Qarym-qatynasty birqatar yqtimal qarama-qayshylyqtargha qaramastan, seriktestikke negizdelgen jәne pragmatikalyq dep sipattaugha bolady.

Sayasy túrghydan alghanda, Nazarbaev pen Elisin ýnemi dialog pen jeke baylanystardy saqtap keldi. Qazaqstan Reseyding postkenestik kenistiktegi integrasiyalyq bastamalaryn alghashqylardyng biri bolyp qoldady.  Dostyq, yntymaqtastyq jәne ózara qauipsizdik turaly sharttargha qol qoyyldy. Manyzdy qújat qabyldandy - Dostyq, yntymaqtastyq jәne ózara kómek turaly shart (1992 j.).

Ekonomikalyq túrghydan alghanda, eki elding ekonomikalary (energetika, ónerkәsip, kólik) tyghyz ózara tәueldiligin saqtady. Resey Qazaqstannyng negizgi sauda seriktesi bolyp qala berdi.  Qazaqstan integrasiyalyq jobalargha belsendi qatysty, sonyng ishinde:

- Tәuelsiz Memleketter Dostastyghy;

-  keden jәne ekonomikalyq kelisimder.

Áskeriy-strategiyalyq yntymaqtastyq túrghysynan, Qazaqstan KSRO-dan múragha qalghan yadrolyq qarudan bas tartty. Birlesken qauipsizdik turaly kelisimderge qol qoyyldy. Kelesi shenberdegi yntymaqtastyq - Újymdyq qauipsizdik turaly shart úiymy manyzdy ról atqardy.

Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghy

Qazaqstan men Resey arasyndaghy bólek mәsele - Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghy. Negizgi mәselelerding biri - gharysh ailaghyn paydalanu. 1994 jyly Qazaqstan Bayqonyrdy Reseyge jalgha berdi. Búl strategiyalyq seriktestikting simvolyna ainaldy.

Qazaqstan jәne Resey arasyndaghy әleuetti mәseleler men qarama-qayshylyqtar

Qazaqstannyng soltýstik aimaqtarynda orys halqynyng edәuir bóligi ómir sýrdi. 1990 jyldardyng basynda aumaqtyq talaptargha qatysty alandaushylyq boldy. Degenmen, Nazarbaevtyng sayasaty men Elisinning ústanymynyng arqasynda qaqtyghystardyng aldyn alugha mýmkindik tudy.

Shekara mәseleleri

KSRO ydyraghannan keyin shekaralardy zandy týrde resimdeu qajet boldy. 1990 jyldary delimitasiya prosesi jýrip jatty, ol keyinirek ayaqtaldy. Syrtqy sayasattyng әrtýrli vektorlarynda Qazaqstan kópvektorly sayasat jýrgizdi (Resey, Qytay, Batys). Resey aimaqtaghy yqpalyn saqtap qalugha tyrysty.

Resey jәne Qazaqstan arasynda Nazarbaevtyng integrasiyalyq bastamalary ýlken oryn men ról atqardy. Nazarbaev euraziyalyq integrasiyanyng negizgi iydeologtarynyng biri boldy:

- Euraziyalyq odaq iydeyasy (1994 j.);

- ekonomikalyq yntymaqtastyqty damytu.

Búl iydeyalar keyinirek Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaqtyng qúryluyna negiz boldy (2015 jyly). Elisin - Nazarbaev kezeni kelesidey sipattaldy:

- kýrdeli qaqtyghystardyng bolmauy;

- integrasiya nysandaryn belsendi izdeu;

- strategiyalyq seriktestikti saqtau.

Suret: rbc.ru saytynan alyndy.

Putin men Nazarbaev kezeni

Jalpy alghanda, búl Qazaqstan-Resey qarym-qatynasyndaghy eng túraqty jәne syndarly kezeng boldy, keyingi yntymaqtastyqtyng negizin qalady. Putin men Nazarbaev arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas, әsirese 1990 jyldardyng ayaghynan 2010 jyldardyng sonyna deyin túraqty, pragmatikalyq jәne odaqtas retinde sipattalady.

Mine, negizgi aspektiler:

- sayasy yntymaqtastyq;

- kóshbasshylar jyly jәne senimdi jeke qarym-qatynastardy saqtap qaldy, búl ekijaqty baylanystardyng túraqtylyghyna yqpal etti.

Qazaqstan men Resey kelesi mәselelerde odaqtas boldy:

- Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaq (ekonomikalyq integrasiya);

- Újymdyq qauipsizdik turaly shart úiymy (әskeriy-sayasy blok);

- Nazarbaev euraziyalyq integrasiyanyng bastamashylarynyng biri boldy, al Putin ony jýzege asyrudy belsendi týrde ilgeriletti.

Ekonomikalyq qatynastar jaghynan, Resey - Qazaqstannyng eng iri sauda seriktesterining biri.  EAEO shenberindegi ortaq naryq ornady. Tyghyz energetikalyq baylanystar (múnay, gaz, tranziyt).  Ónerkәsip jәne gharysh salasyndaghy birlesken jobalar (mysaly, Bayqonyr).

Áskeriy-strategiyalyq yntymaqtastyq:

- Qazaqstan men Resey ÚQShÚ ayasynda yntymaqtasady;

- Resey Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghyn (strategiyalyq manyzdy nysan) jalgha aldy;

- túraqty birlesken әskery jattyghular.

Qazaqstannyng tepe-tendigi jәne kópvektorly sayasaty:

- Reseymen odaqtastyghyna qaramastan, Nazarbaev «kópvektorly» sayasatty ústandy:

- Qytaymen, AQSh-pen jәne EO-men qarym-qatynastardy damytty;

- Mәskeuge shamadan tys tәueldilikten aulaq boldy.

Qazaqstan egemendigin saqtaugha jәne sezimtal mәselelerden alshaq bolugha tyrysty. Resey-Qazaqstan qarym-qatynastary jalpy alghanda túraqty bolghanymen, negizgi shiyelenister de boldy: mysaly, Soltýstik Qazaqstandaghy til mәselesi jәne orys tildi halyq. Reseyding Qyrymdy anneksiyalauyna baylanysty reaksiya – Qazaqstan ony resmy týrde moyyndamady, biraq  ýlken saqtyqty ústandy.

Qazaqstannyng Resey tarapynan yqtimal qysymgha qatysty alandaushylyghy Putin - Nazarbaev dәuirin kelesidey sipattaugha bolady:

- tәueldilik elementteri bar strategiyalyq seriktestik;

- ózara payda jәne mýddelerding múqiyat tengerimi;

- kóshbasshylar arasyndaghy jeke qarym-qatynastar túraqtylyqta manyzdy ról atqardy.

Suret: rbc.ru saytynan alyndy.

Putin men Toqaev kezeni

Putin men Toqaevtyng túsyndaghy Resey men Resey arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasty tәueldilik elementteri men merzimdi shiyelenisteri bar strategiyalyq seriktestik retinde sipattaugha bolady.

Qazaqstan men Resey odaqtas bolyp qala beredi, olardy mynalar baylanystyrady:

- Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaqqa (EAEO) qatysu;

- Újymdyq qauipsizdik turaly shart úiymyna (ÚQShÚ) mýshelik;

- tyghyz ekonomikalyq, energetikalyq jәne әskery baylanystar.

Resey dәstýrli týrde Qazaqstandy Ortalyq Aziyadaghy negizgi seriktes retinde qarastyrady. Toqaev kelgennen keyin elding sayasaty kópvektorly boldy, degenmen Reseymen odaqtastyghy saqtaldy.

Negizgi erekshelikteri:

- Odaqtyqty qayta rastau Qazaqstan EAEO jәne ÚQShÚ ayasynda Reseymen yntymaqtastyqty jalghastyruda;

- 2022 jylghy qantardaghy oqighalar Qazaqstandaghy daghdarys kezinde jaghdaydy túraqtandyru ýshin ÚQShÚ kýshteri (Reseydi qosa alghanda) ornalastyryldy - búl tәueldilikti nyghaytudyng manyzdy sәti.

2022 jyldan keyingi saqtyq araqashyqtyghy Reseyding Ukrainagha basyp kiruinen keyin Qazaqstan:

- anneksiyalardy moyyndaudy qoldamady;

- sanksiyalar rejiymin saqtaydy (beyresmy týrde ony búzbaugha tyrysady),

- Qytaymen, EO jәne Týrkiyamen baylanystardy nyghaytady.

Toqaev Qazaqstannyng tәuelsizdigi men aumaqtyq tútastyghyn atap ótedi, keyde janama týrde Reseyding ústanymynan alshaqtaydy.

Negizgi qayshylyqtar:

- ekonomikalyq tәueldilik - Qazaqstan Reseyding kólik joldaryna (mysaly, múnay eksportyna) qatty tәueldi;

- sayasy jaghynan - reseylik sayasatkerlerding «tarihy aumaqtar» turaly pikirleri Qazaqstanda alandaushylyq tudyrady;

- til jәne mәdeny faktorlar - orys tilining mәrtebesi men jeke basynyng mәseleleri keyde pikirtalas taqyrybyna ainalady.

Putin men Toqaev túsyndaghy Qazaqstan-Resey qarym-qatynastary:

- strategiyalyq seriktestik;

- asimmetriyalyq tәueldilik (Resey kýshtirek);

- Qazaqstannyng birtindep ýlken tәuelsizdikke úmtyluy.

Qazaqstan Reseymen odaqtastyghyn búzbaydy, biraq egemendigin saqtau ýshin iri derjavalar arasynda múqiyat tepe-tendik ornatyp keledi.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

Abai.kz