Qazaqstandaghy Jeltoqsan oqighalarynyng 40 jyldyghyna oray

2026 jyly Qazaqstannyng qazirgi tarihyndaghy eng manyzdy kezenderding biri — 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan oqighalaryna 40 jyl tolady. Búl kóterilis odaqtyq ortalyqtyng jýrgizgen sayasatyna degen qoghamdyq narazylyqtyn, respublika halqynyng manyzdy memlekettik sheshimderden shettetiluining jәne jyldar boyy qordalanghan әleumettik-sayasy әri últtyq qayshylyqtardyng kórinisi boldy. Býgingi tarihy jadta Jeltoqsan oqighasy azamattyq batyldyqtyn, ar-ojdan men bostandyqqa degen úmtylystyng simvoly retinde erekshe oryn alady.

Jeltoqsan qarsanyndaghy Qazaqstan

Oqigha kenestik sayasy jәne әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jýiening tereng daghdarysy túsynda órbidi. 1985 jyldyng nauryzynda KOKP Ortalyq Komiytetining Bas hatshysy bolyp Mihail Gorbachev saylandy. Ol elde qayta qúru, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq damudy jedeldetu, qoghamdy demokratiyalandyru jәne sayasy jýieni janartu baghytyn jariyalady.

Degenmen, naqty ózgerister bayau jýrip, әkimshil-әmirshil basqaru әdisteri saqtalyp qaldy. Qazaqstanda últ sayasaty, kadr dayarlau, jastardyng әleumettik mәrtebesi, til men mәdeniyet tónireginde kýrdeli týitkilder qordalandy. Tarihshylardyng payymdauynsha, últaralyq qatynastardaghy shiyelenis pen biylik pen qogham arasyndaghy tiyimdi dialogtyng bolmauy daghdarysty odan әri ushyqtyrdy. Ásirese, Mәskeuding respublika taghdyryna qatysty sheshimderdi el pikirimen sanaspay, birjaqty qabyldauy halyqtyng qynjylysyn tudyrdy.

1986 jylghy 16 jeltoqsandaghy sheshim

Narazylyqtyng tútanuyna 1986 jylghy 16 jeltoqsanda qabyldanghan sheshim týrtki boldy. Qazaq KSR Kommunistik partiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining plenumynda respublikany úzaq jyldar boyy basqarghan Dinmúhamed Ahmedúly Qonaev qyzmetinen bosatyldy.

Onyng ornyna búghan deyin Uliyanovsk oblystyq komiytetining birinshi hatshysy bolghan, Qazaqstannyng jaghdayymen mýlde tanys emes Gennadiy Vasilievich Kolbin taghayyndaldy. Qazaq jastary ýshin búl sheshim jergilikti halyqtyng azamattyq qúqyghy men pikirin ashyq týrde elemeu bolyp kórindi. Jeltoqsan kóterilisining sebebi tek basshynyng auysuymen shektelmeydi: Kolbinning taghayyndaluy tek syrtqy týrtki bolsa, onyng týpki negizinde jyldar boyy jinalghan tereng әleumettik-sayasy qayshylyqtar jatty.

Narazylyq aksiyalarynyng bastaluy

1986 jyly 17 jeltoqsanda tanerteng Almatynyng ortalyq alanyna (ol kezdegi L. I. Brejnev alany, qazirgi Respublika alany) studentter men júmysshy jastar jinala bastady. Olar Odaq basshylyghynyng sheshimine kelispeytinderin bildirip, Qazaqstan halqynyng pikirimen sanasudy talap etti.

Bastapqyda beybit miting týrinde ótken búl jiyngha әrtýrli últ ókilderi qatysqanymen, basym bóligi qazaq studentteri men jastary edi. Zertteulerge sәikes, qatysushylardyng ortasha jasy 25 jasty qúrap, arasynda boyjetkender de belsendilik tanytty.

Sheru 18 jeltoqsanda da jalghasty. Mәskeu biyligi búl demokratiyalyq talaptardy kýshpen basu turaly sheshim qabyldap, qúqyq qorghau organdary men arnayy әskery bólimderdi júmyldyrdy. Sherushilerdi ayausyz soqqygha jyghu, jappay tútqyndau oryn aldy. Oqighadan keyin jýzdegen jas qylmystyq jәne әkimshilik jauapkershilikke tartylyp, oqudan quyldy, júmystan bosatylyp, qughyn-sýrginge úshyrady.

Jeltoqsan oqighalary últtyq sana-sezimning oyanuyna jәne elding óz taghdyryn ózi sheshuge degen úmtylysyna ýlken serpin berdi. Tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin 1986 jylghy oqighalargha degen kózqaras týbegeyli ózgerip, ol elimizding bostandyghy men sayasy suvereniyteti jolyndaghy tarihy qadam retinde baghalandy. Tarihshy Manash Qozybaev Jeltoqsannyng qazaq halqynyng ruhany janghyruyndaghy manyzyn airyqsha atap ótken.

Jeltoqsannyng qarlyghashy, «tәrtipsizdik úiymdastyrdy» degen jalamen sottalyp, keyinnen qaytys bolghannan keyin tolyq aqtalghan Qayrat Rysqúlbekov pen ózge de batyrlardyng erligi el jadynda mәngi saqtalady.

Jeltoqsan — Qayta qúru kezeninde KSRO-daghy odaqtyq ortalyqtyng ýstemdigine qarsy baghyttalghan alghashqy ashyq, auqymdy halyqtyq narazylyq. Onyng tarihy mәni tar shenbermen shektelmeydi: ol qoghamdyq sanany silkip, Qazaqstannyng Tәuelsizdikke jetu jolyn jaqyndtty.

Almatyda osy tarihy sәtti este qaldyru maqsatynda memorialdy oryndar ashyldy. 2006 jyly Jeltoqsan men Sәtpaev kóshelerining qiylysynda Jeltoqsan qúrbandaryna arnalghan «Tәuelsizdik tany» eskertkishi boy kóterdi. Býginde búl oqigha jastardyng otanshyldyq ruhy men azamattyq ústanymynyn, últtyq sananyng jәne tәuelsiz memlekettilikting bastauy retinde úlyqtalady.

Týiin: Biyl elimizding ordasy — Astana qalasynda 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan oqighasy men onyng batyrlaryna arnalghan monumentting ashyluy óte oryndy әri tarihy әdildikti aishyqtaytyn qadam bolar edi.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq ghylymiy-zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty

Abai.kz