Eng alghash qoldanyla bastaghan qazaq qauymy ókilderining óz zerdesinen tughan túnghysh zang núsqasy – Tәuke hannyng jeti jarghysy sanalyp keledi. Dese de qazaq dalasynda túnghysh jaryq kórgen pravolyq qújat 73 baptan túratyn «Ereje» dep atalatyn zang núsqasyn Abay jazyp, Semey oblysynyng Qaramola deytin jerinde bes duan elining biyleri siezinde qabyldanyp, bekitilgenin bilsek te, terendep, dendep zerttey almay kelemiz. 

Semey guberniyasyna qarasty bes oyazdyng biy-bolystary, el biyleushi aqsaqaldary bas qosqan Qaramola jәrmenkesinde 1885 j. mamyr aiynda ótken tótenshe sezine biyl 130 jyl tolyp otyr.  Qazaq handyghynyng 550 jyldyq mereytoyna túspa-tús kelse de, Úly aqynnyng 170 jyldyq mereytoyy qarsanynda  taqyrypqa súranyp túrghan búl aituly shara turaly eshqaysysy tis jarmady. Qazaq handyghy, qazaq tarihy jayly ne bir telearnalar, basylym betteri túshymdy habar bere almady. Qazaqstan boyynsha joghary oqu oryndary men arnauly oqu oryndary Abaydyng 170 jyldyq mereytoyy qarsanynda  әrtýrli is-sharalar ótkizip jatqanymen qazaq tarihynda oiyp ornyn alatyn mereyli Qaramolada jazylghan ereje jayly jaq ashpady. 

Qazir kez kelgen oqu ordalarynda zang fakulitetteri men arnayy zang turaly ghana bilim beretin jetekshi oqu oryndary  da ýndemedi.  Qazaq tarihynda Sherbeshnay siezi, Shar sezi, Qaramola sezi siyaqty birneshe ataugha ie tarihy oqigha býgingi tәuelsiz Qazaqstanda óz baghasyn aluy zandylyq qoy. Diplom júmysy kezinde, ghylymy zertteu júmystaryn jýrgizu kezinde taqyryp taba almaytyndar búl jóninde bilmeytin de shyghar. Áytpese Sәken Ózbekov, Salyq Zimanov syndy bir-er ghalymnan keyin nazardan tys qalghan Abaydyng qayratkerlik qyzmetindegi júlyndy salasy osy «Qaramola erejesi» bolatyn.

Búl «Erejenin» 1886 jyly Qazan uniyversiytetining baspahanasynda arab әrpimen basylyp shygharylghan múqiyat týptelgen shaghyn kitapsha týrindegi bir danasyn belgili jazushy Ghabit Mýsirepov ghúmyrynyng songhy kezinde Qazaqstan Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvine tabys etken. Qújatpen birge belgili qalamger Sapar Bayjanovqa tómendegidey hat joldaydy: «Sapar, 1885 jyly Qaramolada bes duannyng siezinde qabyldanghan erejeni berip jiberdim.

1. Eskishe  biletin bireuge týgel jana alfavitpen kóshirtip alarsyng da bastyryp shyghararsyng (kóshirmesin múqiyat qarau kerek bolar)
2. Ereje әueli oryssha basylghan, Qazan uniyversiytetining arhiyvinen sol týpnúsqasyn da aldyrghanyng dúrys bolar.
3. Búl óte maghynaly nәrse ghoy, eki tilde de basylyp shyqqany ýlken enbek bolar edi. (Basqa kórshiles bauyrlarymyzda búnday zang qabyldanbaghan ghoy).

Abay aryzyn aldym. Rahmet.

Ghabit Mýsirepov. 21.11.85.

R.S. Kóshirgende tatarsha teksting ózin qazaqshalaghan dúrys bolatyn shyghar.Gh.M.»

Ótken ghasyrdyng ayaghynda Qazan qalasynda arab әrpimen basylyp shyqqan qazaq tilindegi túnghysh pravolyq qújat Qazaqstan Ortalyq arhiyvining qyzmetkerleri B.Bayghaliyev pen J.Ahmadiyevting kýshimen qazirgi qazaq әrpi men әdeby tiline iykemdey kóshirilip, 1992 jylghy Abay jurnalynyng №3 sanynda túnghysh ret jariyalandy.

1885 j. Qaramola degen jәrmenkede birneshe duan elding ol kýndegi әdeti boyynsha bas qosqan Sherbeshnay siezi bolady. Osyghan Abay da keledi. Semey oblysyna qarasty bes uezding siezine Abay by emes, Shynghys bolysynyng «Qúrmetti qazaghy» retinde shaqyrylghan. Búghan atalghan sezdi qabyldaghan Erejening sonyna jazylghan tizimdegi aty-jóni dәlel bolady. Orayy kelgende aita ketuimiz kerek, ghalym Beysenbay Bayghaliyev «Abay ómirbayany arhiv derekterinde» atty kitabynda: «Qúrmetti qazaq» - el úghymyndaghy auyldyng syily aqsaqaly, kez kelgen bedeldi adamy emes, jergilikti әkimshilik tarapynan úsynylyp, Dala gubernatory bekitetin ataq-dәreje. Búl dәreje ókimet aldynda erekshe enbegimen kózge týsken qazaqtargha ghana berilgen» - deydi. Búl uaqytta Tobyqty ishinde Abaygha jau bolyp shyqqan kisiler, ózderin ishtey niyettes, tilektes bolatyn kisilerdi basqa elderden de tauyp alghan bolady. Búryn Abaydyng ózge syrt eldegi dostary  kóp bolsa, sol dostarynyng qarsysynda jýrgen jaularynyng barlyghy da endi Tobyqty ishinde jiktelip alghanda shúrqyrasyp kelip, op-onay Abaydyng Tobyqty ishindegi jaularymen tabysyp, solardyng qarasyn kóbeytip, tabyn molaytady.

Sherbeshnaygha jiylghan toptyng ishinde osy  siyaqty Abaygha qastyq niyet oilaytyn adamdar Qaramolagha keletin jandaraldan Abaydy jazalaytyn qattylyqty kýtedi. Abay aidalar dep te ýmit qylatyndar bolady. Sonymen Jandaral kelip tobyqty ishindegi kisilerin jaghalay jýrip, әrqaysysymen tanysyp kele jatyp, Abaygha kelgende; «Partiyashyl, el býldirgish  Qúnanbaev senbisin?» deydi. Abay «men» depti. «Nege partiya qydasyn?» degende; «Jalghyz men partiya qylmaymyn, dýnie týgel partiya, jandy-jansyz maqúlyqtyng barlyghy da alys-tartyspen tirshilik etedi. Dýniyedegi tirshilik kýres, partiya tirshiligi, әueli óziniz de partiya qylasyz» deydi. «Seni el nege kóp jamandaydy?» degende; «El kóp, men jalghyzbyn, kóp әrqashan tentek, búzyq, búzyq kóppen alysqan jalghyz jamanatty bolmay túrmaydy. Qay qauymdy alsanyz da, jaqsysynan jamany kóp emes pe? Biraq, kóp eken dep jamannyng sózin maqúldau kerek pe?» depti.

Osy sózderden keyin «Abaydy ne qylar eken» dep antalasyp,  asyghyp kýtip túrghan elding barlyghynyng kózinshe jandaral Abaydy ózine tikken ýige ertip jýrip, úzaq әngimelesip otyryp qalady. Azdan son, shәy iship shyqqanda elge «siyezdi jaqsy ótkizinder, úryda aqysy ketkenderding aqysyn әperinder, siyezdi jaqsy ótkizu ýshin Abay siyaqti kisini tóbe by saylanyzdar» deydi. Sóitip, Semey gubernasiyasyna qaraytyn 5 uezding 100-den astam biy-bolystary bas qosqan tótenshe  sezde Abay tóbe by bolyp saylanady.

Búl oqigha Abaydyng bilimdiligi, jýiiriktigi arqasynda múnymen alysqan kisilerding әrqashan teng týse almay, úlyq aldyna kelgende jenilip shyghatynyny dәleldeydi.

Siezdi Semeyding general-gubernatory, general Seklinskiy basqarady. Búl jәrmenkede ótken siezde Semey qazaqtary ýshin qylmysty isterge qarsy arnayy zang erejesin qabyldaudy úigharady. Seklinskiy Abaymen jolyqqanda, Abay jalpy qazaq dalasyn orys zandarymen ghana basqarugha bolmaytynyn, búl elding ózining erekshelikteri bar ekenin, atadan balagha ghasyrlar boyy miras bolyp kele jatqan әdet-ghúrpy, zandary barlyghyn, kóp mәselelerdi qazaq ishinde osy zandar negizinde sheshuge bolatyndyghyn aitady. Búl kezde Abaydyng basyna qara búlt ýiirilip, keybir atqaminerler Abaydy osy jiynda qúrtamyz dep kelgen edi. Kerisinshe, Abaydyng patsha úlyqtarymen jolyqqannan keyin onyng zerek, tereng bilimdi adam ekenine kózderi jetip, eshqanday qiyanatqa barmaytynyn týsingennen keyin әlgi adamdar Abaydy tóbe by etip saylaydy. Abay Shar boyynda ýsh kýnning ishinde janyna birneshe adamdy ghana alyp, 100-den artyq baptan túratyn zandy jasaydy. Abay qazaqtyng búrynghy zandaryn jetik biletindigin, sonymen qosa orys zandaryn da tereng mengergenin kórsetip, osylardyng barlyghyn ýilestire otyryp, ózi ómir sýrip otyrghan dәuirdegi qazaq qoghamyna qajetti zandardy jazyp shyghady. Abay qazaq elining әdet-saltyn, jete zerttey otyryp, adam qúqyn jan-jaqty qorghaugha belsene qatysady. Osylaysha ýsh kýn, ýsh týn ishinde Qaramola siezine arnayy zang erejesi jasalyp, biyler talqysynan ótedi. Abay jazghan qazaqtyng jana zang erejesi (73 statiya) qabaldanady.  Abaymen birge Qaramolada bolghan Mýsirәlining kuәligi boyynsha Abay tizgen ereje baby jýzden asady. Shamasy kelgenshe kópshilik ýshin әdilet izdegen Abay úrlyq, qylmys pen әiel mәselesine arnap eki jana ereje aitady.

Abaydyng el biyleuding әdilettik, qúqyqtyq jýiesine say  zang normalaryn zaman talabyna say janartady.  Búl qazaq qauymynda ejelden qalyptasqan kertartpa әdet-ghúryp zandaryna da, patsha ókimetining halyqty qanaushylyqqa, zorlyq-zombylyqqa negizdelgen zanyna da úqsamaytyn, ózgeshe qújat edi. Abay qazaq qoghamynda әdilettilik pen túraqtylyqtyng belgisindey bolghan, ejelden kele jatqan biyler institutynyng adamgershilikti hәm qúqyqtyq múrasyn barynsha iygerdi. Sonau HIII ghasyrda biyler atasy atanghan Mónke biyding tәjiriybesin, «Qasym hannyng qasqa jolyn», «Esim hannyng eski jolyn», Tәuke han túsyndaghy úly biyler Tóle, Qazybek, Áytekeler dayyndaghan «Jeti jarghydan» ruhany susyndady. Múnyng bәri Abaydy by retinde erte tanyluyna yqpal etti.

Búghan deyin Respublikalyq «Abay» jurnalynyng 1992 j. №3 sanynda jariyalanghan Sapar Bayjanovtyng núsqasyn jariyalap otyrmyz.

Semey oblysynyng bes duanynyng barsha halqynyng saylanmysh adamdarynyng 1885- jyly may aiynda Shar boyynda Qaramola siezinde jazylghan EREJE»

1-BAP.  Bolystyq siezde daular ýlkendigine qaray, somasyna qaray bitiledi. Tótenshe siezderde úlyqtardyng әmiri boyynsha bir oyaz bir oyazben kezektesip bitiledi, әr oyazdyng barsha biylerimen emes.

2-BAP. Daulasqan әr eki tarap qalaghan biylerin tandap alady. Biraq, by esebin ereje boyynsha  úlyqtar shygharady. Súraymyz, әr taraptan ýsh biyden artyq bolmasa eken. By sheshimin shygharmas búryn ýshtik biymen jarasady. Eger daugerler ýshtik by bitimen bitpeymin dese hәm bitim bolmasa, sonda jogharyda aitylmysh boyynsha biyler tandap shygharady. Eki jaghynyng biyleri talasyp, júp bolsa, tómende aitylmysh ret boyynsha bitiredi. Ár oyazdyng halqy ortalarynan bir tóbe basy by shygharady. Búghan qyzmettegi hәm qyzmetsiz de qúrmetti kisiler saylanugha mýmkin. Eger biylerding bitimi talas bolsa, saylanghandar eki tóbe by shyghartyp alady, tiyisti oyaz halqynan. Eger búlardyng arasynda talas bolsa, qalghan oyazdardyng tóbe basyna jerebe salynyp, shyqqan kisi bitimderine aralasyp, sol kisining aughan jaghynyng bitimi ornyghyp, maqúl bolady. Osy ret boyynsha oyazdyq tótenshe siezderde eki jaghy teng talas bolsa, tóbe basy by bir jaghyna auyp toqtatady.

3-BAP. Jauapkerding shaqyru boyynsha kelmegendikterin starshyn men bolystar kuәlandyryp, kelmegendigining maqúl yaky emesin biyler tekseredi. Egerde kelmegen  sebebi tekseru boyynsha syiymdy bolsa, syrtynan biylik shygharylady. Bir biyding yaky siezdegi biylerding syrtynan qylghan biylikteri taghayynsyz bolmaq. Biylik kóshirmesi starshyndar yaky bolys arqyly maqúldanady. Egerde jauapker razy bolsa, biylik taghayyndy bolyp, búzylmaydy. Egerde razy bolmasa, eki júma arasynda alghash biylik aitqan biyge qaytadan aryz qylady. Sonda by jauapkerding qúzyryna qaytadan biylik aitady. Eger jauapker tekserilu boyynsha agharsa yaky bolystyq siezge tyndatsa, siez biylerining biyligin únatpasa, sonda aiypty jaghyn shyghynyn qaytarugha mindetti qylyp hәm jaza búiyrylady. Jalghan aitqany ýshin jogharyda aitylmysh ret boyynsha bolystyq siezd syrttan biylik qúrady. Razy bolmaghan tótenshe siezge biyligin synatady. Ár tótenshe siezding biyligi der uaqytynda búzylmaydy.

4-BAP. Eger dauger shaqyrylghan uaqytynda kelmese, súralmysh dauyn bos qaldyrady. Sonda jauapker aryz etse, biylerding yqtiyary boyynsha jauapkerding shyghynyn daugerden búiyryp beredi. Biraq dauger yqtiyarly dauyn qaytadan súramaqqa sol dauy biylerding tekserui boyynsha jalghan shyqsa, daudyng somasyna qaray hәm jauapkerding qadirine qaray shyghynyn tartady.

5-BAP. Bir starshyn elding ishinde dauger, jauapkerlerding barsha janjal, súrau daularyn sol starshyn elining bii bitirmekke mindetti. Biraq by ózin mynanday jaghdayda biylik aitudan bosatady: eger daulasqan jaghynan biri tuysqan jaqyny bolsa, qaysy biri ata-anasy, bir tuma agha-inisi, әkesining bir tuma agha-inisi, jiyeni, nemere balasy jәne tughan qúdasy hәm dúshpan, óshtes adamdary, qaysy birining dúshpandyqtary búryn biyge týsisip, moynyna jaza salynyp, anyqtalghan bolsa, syiymdy bolady.

Qaramolada jazylghan ereje

Eng alghash qoldanyla bastaghan qazaq qauymy ókilderining óz zerdesinen tughan túnghysh zang núsqasy – Tәuke hannyng jeti jarghysy sanalyp keledi. Dese de qazaq dalasynda túnghysh jaryq kórgen pravolyq qújat 73 baptan túratyn «Ereje» dep atalatyn zang núsqasyn Abay jazyp, Semey oblysynyng Qaramola deytin jerinde bes duan elining biyleri siezinde qabyldanyp, bekitilgenin bilsek te, terendep, dendep zerttey almay kelemiz.  Semey guberniyasyna qarasty bes oyazdyng by - bolystary, el biyleushi aqsaqaldary bas qosqan Qaramola jәrmenkesinde 1885 j. mamyr aiynda ótken tótenshe sezine biyl 130 jyl tolyp otyr.  Qazaq handyghynyng 550 jyldyq mereytoyna túspa-tús kelse de, Úly aqynnyng 170 jyldyq mereytoyy qarsanynda  taqyrypqa súranyp túrghan búl aituly shara turaly eshqaysysy tis jarmady. Qazaq handyghy, qazaq tarihy jayly ne bir telearnalar, basylym betteri túshymdy habar bere almady. Qazaqstan boyynsha joghary oqu oryndary men arnauly oqu oryndary Abaydyng 170 jyldyq mereytoyy qarsanynda  әrtýrli is-sharalar ótkizip jatqanymen qazaq tarihynda oiyp ornyn alatyn mereyli Qaramolada jazylghan ereje jayly jaq ashpady.

Kәzir kez kelgen oqu ordalarynda zang fakulitetteri men arnayy zang turaly ghana bilim beretin jetekshi oqu oryndary  da ýndemedi.  Qazaq tarihynda Sherbeshnay siezi, Shar sezi, Qaramola sezi siyaqty birneshe ataugha ie tarihy oqigha býgingi tәuelsiz Qazaqstanda óz baghasyn aluy zandylyq qoy. Diplom júmysy kezinde, ghylymy zertteu júmystaryn jýrgizu kezinde taqyryp taba almaytyndar búl jóninde bilmeytin de shyghar. Áytpese Sәken Ózbekov, Salyq Zimanov syndy bir-er ghalymnan keyin nazardan tys qalghan Abaydyng qayratkerlik qyzmetindegi júlyndy salasy osy «Qaramola erejesi» bolatyn.

Búl «Erejenin» 1886 jyly Qazan uniyversiytetining baspahanasynda arab әrpimen basylyp shygharylghan múqiyat týptelgen shaghyn kitapsha týrindegi bir danasyn belgili jazushy Ghabit Mýsirepov ghúmyrynyng songhy kezinde Qazaqstan Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvine tabys etken. Qújatpen birge belgili qalamger Sapar Bayjanovqa tómendegidey hat joldaydy: «Sapar, 1885 jyly Qaramolada bes duannyng siezinde qabyldanghan erejeni berip jiberdim.

1. Eskishe  biletin bireuge týgel jana alfavitpen kóshirtip alarsyng da bastyryp shyghararsyng (kóshirmesin múqiyat qarau kerek bolar)
2. Ereje әueli oryssha basylghan, Qazan uniyversiytetining arhiyvinen sol týpnúsqasyn da aldyrghanyng dúrys bolar.
3. Búl óte maghynaly nәrse ghoy, eki tilde de basylyp shyqqany ýlken enbek bolar edi. (Basqa kórshiles bauyrlarymyzda búnday zang qabyldanbaghan ghoy).

Abay aryzyn aldym. Rahmet.

Ghabit Mýsirepov. 21.11.85.

R.S. Kóshirgende tatarsha teksting ózin qazaqshalaghan dúrys bolatyn shyghar.Gh.M.

Ótken ghasyrdyng ayaghynda Qazan qalasynda arab әrpimen basylyp shyqqan qazaq tilindegi túnghysh pravolyq qújat Qazaqstan Ortalyq arhiyvining qyzmetkerleri B.Bayghaliyev pen J.Ahmadiyevting kýshimen qazirgi qazaq әrpi men әdeby tiline iykemdey kóshirilip, 1992 jylghy Abay jurnalynyng №3 sanynda túnghysh ret jariyalandy.

1885 j. Qaramola degen jәrmenkede birneshe duan elding ol kýndegi әdeti boyynsha bas qosqan Sherbeshnay siezi bolady. Osyghan Abay da keledi. Semey oblysyna qarasty bes uezding siezine Abay by emes, Shynghys bolysynyng «Qúrmetti qazaghy» retinde shaqyrylghan. Búghan atalghan sezdi qabyldaghan Erejening sonyna jazylghan tizimdegi aty-jóni dәlel bolady. Orayy kelgende aita ketuimiz kerek, ghalym Beysenbay Bayghaliyev «Abay ómirbayany arhiv derekterinde» atty kitabynda: «Qúrmetti qazaq» - el úghymyndaghy auyldyng syily aqsaqaly, kez kelgen bedeldi adamy emes, jergilikti әkimshilik tarapynan úsynylyp, Dala gubernatory bekitetin ataq-dәreje. Búl dәreje ókimet aldynda erekshe enbegimen kózge týsken qazaqtargha ghana berilgen» - deydi. Búl uaqytta Tobyqty ishinde Abaygha jau bolyp shyqqan kisiler, ózderin ishtey niyettes, tilektes bolatyn kisilerdi basqa elderden de tauyp alghan bolady. Búryn Abaydyng ózge syrt eldegi dostary  kóp bolsa, sol dostarynyng qarsysynda jýrgen jaularynyng barlyghy da endi Tobyqty ishinde jiktelip alghanda shúrqyrasyp kelip, op-onay Abaydyng Tobyqty ishindegi jaularymen tabysyp, solardyng qarasyn kóbeytip, tabyn molaytady.

Sherbeshnaygha jiylghan toptyng ishinde osy  siyaqty Abaygha qastyq niyet oilaytyn adamdar Qaramolagha keletin jandaraldan Abaydy jazalaytyn qattylyqty kýtedi. Abay aidalar dep te ýmit qylatyndar bolady. Sonymen Jandaral kelip tobyqty ishindegi kisilerin jaghalay jýrip, әrqaysysymen tanysyp kele jatyp, Abaygha kelgende; «Partiyashyl, el býldirgish  Qúnanbaev senbisin?» deydi. Abay «men» depti. «Nege partiya qydasyn?» degende; «Jalghyz men partiya qylmaymyn, dýnie týgel partiya, jandy-jansyz maqúlyqtyng barlyghy da alys-tartyspen tirshilik etedi. Dýniyedegi tirshilik kýres, partiya tirshiligi, әueli óziniz de partiya qylasyz» deydi. «Seni el nege kóp jamandaydy?» degende; «El kóp, men jalghyzbyn, kóp әrqashan tentek, búzyq, búzyq kóppen alysqan jalghyz jamanatty bolmay túrmaydy. Qay qauymdy alsanyz da, jaqsysynan jamany kóp emes pe? Biraq, kóp eken dep jamannyng sózin maqúldau kerek pe?» depti.

Osy sózderden keyin «Abaydy ne qylar eken» dep antalasyp,  asyghyp kýtip túrghan elding barlyghynyng kózinshe jandaral Abaydy ózine tikken ýige ertip jýrip, úzaq әngimelesip otyryp qalady. Azdan son, shәy iship shyqqanda elge «siyezdi jaqsy ótkizinder, úryda aqysy ketkenderding aqysyn әperinder, siyezdi jaqsy ótkizu ýshin Abay siyaqti kisini tóbe by saylanyzdar» deydi. Sóitip, Semey gubernasiyasyna qaraytyn 5 uezding 100-den astam biy-bolystary bas qosqan tótenshe  sezde Abay tóbe by bolyp saylanady.

Búl oqigha Abaydyng bilimdiligi, jýiiriktigi arqasynda múnymen alysqan kisilerding әrqashan teng týse almay, úlyq aldyna kelgende jenilip shyghatynyny dәleldeydi.

Siezdi Semeyding general-gubernatory, general Seklinskiy basqarady. Búl jәrmenkede ótken siezde Semey qazaqtary ýshin qylmysty isterge qarsy arnayy zang erejesin qabyldaudy úigharady. Seklinskiy Abaymen jolyqqanda, Abay jalpy qazaq dalasyn orys zandarymen ghana basqarugha bolmaytynyn, búl elding ózining erekshelikteri bar ekenin, atadan balagha ghasyrlar boyy miras bolyp kele jatqan әdet-ghúrpy, zandary barlyghyn, kóp mәselelerdi qazaq ishinde osy zandar negizinde sheshuge bolatyndyghyn aitady. Búl kezde Abaydyng basyna qara búlt ýiirilip, keybir atqaminerler Abaydy osy jiynda qúrtamyz dep kelgen edi. Kerisinshe, Abaydyng patsha úlyqtarymen jolyqqannan keyin onyng zerek, tereng bilimdi adam ekenine kózderi jetip, eshqanday qiyanatqa barmaytynyn týsingennen keyin әlgi adamdar Abaydy tóbe by etip saylaydy. Abay Shar boyynda ýsh kýnning ishinde janyna birneshe adamdy ghana alyp, 100-den artyq baptan túratyn zandy jasaydy. Abay qazaqtyng búrynghy zandaryn jetik biletindigin, sonymen qosa orys zandaryn da tereng mengergenin kórsetip, osylardyng barlyghyn ýilestire otyryp, ózi ómir sýrip otyrghan dәuirdegi qazaq qoghamyna qajetti zandardy jazyp shyghady. Abay qazaq elining әdet-saltyn, jete zerttey otyryp, adam qúqyn jan-jaqty qorghaugha belsene qatysady. Osylaysha ýsh kýn, ýsh týn ishinde Qaramola siezine arnayy zang erejesi jasalyp, biyler talqysynan ótedi. Abay jazghan qazaqtyng jana zang erejesi (73 statiya) qabaldanady.  Abaymen birge Qaramolada bolghan Mýsirәlining kuәligi boyynsha Abay tizgen ereje baby jýzden asady. Shamasy kelgenshe kópshilik ýshin әdilet izdegen Abay úrlyq, qylmys pen әiel mәselesine arnap eki jana ereje aitady.

Abaydyng el biyleuding әdilettik, qúqyqtyq jýiesine say  zang normalaryn zaman talabyna say janartady.  Búl qazaq qauymynda ejelden qalyptasqan kertartpa әdet-ghúryp zandaryna da, patsha ókimetining halyqty qanaushylyqqa, zorlyq-zombylyqqa negizdelgen zanyna da úqsamaytyn, ózgeshe qújat edi. Abay qazaq qoghamynda әdilettilik pen túraqtylyqtyng belgisindey bolghan, ejelden kele jatqan biyler institutynyng adamgershilikti hәm qúqyqtyq múrasyn barynsha iygerdi. Sonau HIII ghasyrda biyler atasy atanghan Mónke biyding tәjiriybesin, «Qasym hannyng qasqa jolyn», «Esim hannyng eski jolyn», Tәuke han túsyndaghy úly biyler Tóle, Qazybek, Áytekeler dayyndaghan «Jeti jarghydan» ruhany susyndady. Múnyng bәri Abaydy by retinde erte tanyluyna yqpal etti.

Búghan deyin Respublikalyq «Abay» jurnalynyng 1992 j. №3 sanynda jariyalanghan Sapar Bayjanovtyng núsqasyn jariyalap otyrmyz.

Semey oblysynyng bes duanynyng barsha halqynyng saylanmysh adamdarynyng 1885- jyly may aiynda Shar boyynda Qaramola siezinde jazylghan EREJE»

1-BAP.  Bolystyq siezde daular ýlkendigine qaray, somasyna qaray bitiledi. Tótenshe siezderde úlyqtardyng әmiri boyynsha bir oyaz bir oyazben kezektesip bitiledi, әr oyazdyng barsha biylerimen emes.

2-BAP. Daulasqan әr eki tarap qalaghan biylerin tandap alady. Biraq, by esebin ereje boyynsha  úlyqtar shygharady. Súraymyz, әr taraptan ýsh biyden artyq bolmasa eken. By sheshimin shygharmas búryn ýshtik biymen jarasady. Eger daugerler ýshtik by bitimen bitpeymin dese hәm bitim bolmasa, sonda jogharyda aitylmysh boyynsha biyler tandap shygharady. Eki jaghynyng biyleri talasyp, júp bolsa, tómende aitylmysh ret boyynsha bitiredi. Ár oyazdyng halqy ortalarynan bir tóbe basy by shygharady. Búghan qyzmettegi hәm qyzmetsiz de qúrmetti kisiler saylanugha mýmkin. Eger biylerding bitimi talas bolsa, saylanghandar eki tóbe by shyghartyp alady, tiyisti oyaz halqynan. Eger búlardyng arasynda talas bolsa, qalghan oyazdardyng tóbe basyna jerebe salynyp, shyqqan kisi bitimderine aralasyp, sol kisining aughan jaghynyng bitimi ornyghyp, maqúl bolady. Osy ret boyynsha oyazdyq tótenshe siezderde eki jaghy teng talas bolsa, tóbe basy by bir jaghyna auyp toqtatady.

3-BAP. Jauapkerding shaqyru boyynsha kelmegendikterin starshyn men bolystar kuәlandyryp, kelmegendigining maqúl yaky emesin biyler tekseredi. Egerde kelmegen  sebebi tekseru boyynsha syiymdy bolsa, syrtynan biylik shygharylady. Bir biyding yaky siezdegi biylerding syrtynan qylghan biylikteri taghayynsyz bolmaq. Biylik kóshirmesi starshyndar yaky bolys arqyly maqúldanady. Egerde jauapker razy bolsa, biylik taghayyndy bolyp, búzylmaydy. Egerde razy bolmasa, eki júma arasynda alghash biylik aitqan biyge qaytadan aryz qylady. Sonda by jauapkerding qúzyryna qaytadan biylik aitady. Eger jauapker tekserilu boyynsha agharsa yaky bolystyq siezge tyndatsa, siez biylerining biyligin únatpasa, sonda aiypty jaghyn shyghynyn qaytarugha mindetti qylyp hәm jaza búiyrylady. Jalghan aitqany ýshin jogharyda aitylmysh ret boyynsha bolystyq siezd syrttan biylik qúrady. Razy bolmaghan tótenshe siezge biyligin synatady. Ár tótenshe siezding biyligi der uaqytynda búzylmaydy.

4-BAP. Eger dauger shaqyrylghan uaqytynda kelmese, súralmysh dauyn bos qaldyrady. Sonda jauapker aryz etse, biylerding yqtiyary boyynsha jauapkerding shyghynyn daugerden búiyryp beredi. Biraq dauger yqtiyarly dauyn qaytadan súramaqqa sol dauy biylerding tekserui boyynsha jalghan shyqsa, daudyng somasyna qaray hәm jauapkerding qadirine qaray shyghynyn tartady.

5-BAP. Bir starshyn elding ishinde dauger, jauapkerlerding barsha janjal, súrau daularyn sol starshyn elining bii bitirmekke mindetti. Biraq by ózin mynanday jaghdayda biylik aitudan bosatady: eger daulasqan jaghynan biri tuysqan jaqyny bolsa, qaysy biri ata-anasy, bir tuma agha-inisi, әkesining bir tuma agha-inisi, jiyeni, nemere balasy jәne tughan qúdasy hәm dúshpan, óshtes adamdary, qaysy birining dúshpandyqtary búryn biyge týsisip, moynyna jaza salynyp, anyqtalghan bolsa, syiymdy bolady.

6-BAP. Ár starshyn, bolys, oyaz aralarynda bolatyn barsha daulardy dauger bolysqa aitugha tiyisti. Sonda bolys dauger, jauapkerdi aldyna shaqyryp, jauapkerge ereje boyynsha yqtiyar beredi. Bir bolys elden razy bolmaghan eki biyin shygharmaqqa onan qalghan biylerden dauger birin tyndap, biylikke týsip, sol by biylik aitady. Bolystyq siezde biylerding barlyghy týgel bolyp biylik aitady. Biylik shygharugha mýmkin emes bolghan jaghdayda tótenshe siezding by sany úlyq yqtiyarynda bolady hәm biylik shygharylmaydy.

7- BAP. Bereke bitim hәm salauat bitim qylugha mýmkin, salauat daudyng uaqytyna qaray bolady. Bereke bitim hәm salauat siezderde jasalghanday bolsa, kelesi uaqytta qaytadan sóz qozghau mýmkin emes.  Ámme dauger men jauapker bóten oyazdiki bolsa, ekeuining arasynda uaghda qylugha mýmkin elge baryp bitpekke, biraq búl uaghdany qyzmet iyeleri kuәlandyruy kerek.

8-BAP. Biyding biylikterin bolystar ornyna keltiruge mindetti bolghan sebepten, siezd bitken song biylikting kóshirmelerin tiyisti bolysqa maghlúm qylady. Egerde dauger jauapkerlerding yqtiyary boyynsha, eki el arasynda kesim maldaryn oilastyrugha uaghda qylsa, sol uaghda siezd basymen birge sheshiledi.

9-BAP. Bir by hәm siezd bii biylikterin aighaq kuәligine qaray bitiredi. Eger biyler aighaq kuәligin maqúl kórmese, onda olardy shaqyrmay-aq isterdi kýmәngha salady. Yaghny by kuәni shaqyryp, tiyisti jauabyn alsa, onda daudy kýmәngha salugha mýmkin emes. Kuәlardy shaqyrudan búryn kuәlikten anyqtau kerek. Kuә bolugha jaramaydy: aqylynan adasqandar, 18 jasqa tolmaghandar, әr jastaghy әielder, jaqyn-tughandar, qúdalar hәm óshpes dúshpan kisiler. Kuәlardyng syiymdy, syiymsyzyn biyler shaqyrtpay, búryn aiyruy kerek. Dúshpandyq túrghydan bos aitylghan sóz qabyl alynbaydy. Júrtqa belgili dúshpandyq maqúl kórinui mýmkin, onan artyq aiyrugha bolmaydy. Daulasushylardyng kuәlary bir bolys bolsa, olardyng kuәligi syiymdy, syiymsyzyn by tekseredi.

10-BAP. Egerde kórsetken kuәgha kisini tolymdy kórmese, sonda kuәgha aighaq ornyna kóruge mýmkin, eger jauapker adam aighaqtyng sózin qabyl kórmese, aighaq sózining rastyghyna dau somasyna qaray el ara týsip, bir kisi jan berse kerek. Qazaqsha aighaq jazasy degen dau ayaghy kýmәnmen toqtalady. Kýmәn ótpese jauapker kýiedi, kýmәn ótse aghardy. Jauapker adam aighaq ótirik aitqany ýshin ýstinen aryz beruine bolady.

11-BAP. Qazaq rәsiminde sýiinshi alugha bolady; biraq, sýiinshi alghan kisi kuәlikke jaramaydy, aighaq bolugha mýmkin.

12-BAP. Kýmәnshi rastyghyn teksermekke hәm kýmәnshining ótpek jerining alys, juyqtyghyna qaray kýmәnning qúnyn biyler kesedi.

13-BAP. Kýmәnning sany – er qúnyna tórt kisi, әiel qúnyn eki kisi ózge daulardyng hәmmasyna bir kisi. Kýmәnge dau sommasyna qaray el týsedi. Bir týiege eki elu basydan, bir qaranyng dauyna bir elu basydan kýmәn ústalady. Qansha qara bolsa, sonsha elu basynan ústalady. Dau sommasy qansha kóp bolsa da, bir bolys elden kýmәn aspas kýmәnshini dauger tandaydy. Kýmәnge salatyn bir elubasy yaky bir bolys elin jauapker kórsetedi.

14-BAP. Kýmәn jauapkerding elining bolystyq moldasynyng aldynda qúranmen kesim aitylady.

15- BAP. Kýmәn etilgen uaqytta daugerding kóz boluy mindetti emes, biraq molda daugerding kelmegendegisin kitapqa jazyp qoysa kerek.

16-BAP. Kýmәnning uaqyty sol uaghdaly kýnning kýn batuyna deyin.

17- BAP. Kýmәngha ústalmaydy: molda, el biyleushiler, biyler, qajylar, 18- jasqa jetpegender, alpys ýshten asqandar. Tóre qazaq ýshin jәne qazaq tóre ýshin kýmәngha jaramaydy.

18-BAP. Jauapkerding yqtiyarynda: kýmәngha óz elin ústata ma yaky rulas elin ústata ma?

19-BAP. Kýmәnshini kýmәnnen shygharugha bolady, eger dúshpandyghy halyqqa maghlúm bolyp, biymen birge kýtilgen bolsa.

20-BAP. Ár kýmәn bolystyn, mollanyng qúzyrynda bolady. Moldanyng qataldyghy, zúlymdyghy bolsa júrt tekseredi.

21-BAP. Jalghan kýmәn etken kisige aiyp salynady – týie bastatqan bir toghyz.

22-BAP. Kýmәn etpese, qansha nәrse, qansha mal búiyrady, kýmәngha kim ústalghan – barlyghyn tolyq etip, biyliginde anyq etip jazugha by mindetti.

23- BAP. Kýmәnning qúnyn úzartugha syiymdy sebebi bolsa, bolsy yaky óz elining bir biyining kuәlandyruy boyynsha mýmkin bolady.

24-BAP. Kýmәnshi, janshy, tóreshi bolyp daugerding yqtiyary boyynsha biylik aitady. Múnyng biyligin jauapker búza almaydy. Búl biylik kóshirmening syrtyna jazylady.

25-BAP. Qún, jesir daulary jiyrma jyldan arghylary salauyt. Ózge daular on jyldan arghylary salauat. Biylik aitqan kýnge deyingi tórt jylgha sozylghan daulardyng anyqtalghan maldardyng tolyq basy qaytady.Shyghynymen odan arghy ýsh jylghy daulardyng  anyqtalghan moldanyng ýsh bóligining eki bóligi tiyedi. Qalghan ýsh jyldaghy daulardyng anyqtalghan malynan ýsh bóligining bir bóligi tiyedi. 75 jyl hәm odan arghy bolghan daulardyng barlyghy salauat. Osy siyaqty bolyp qúnnyng maly da alynady. Jiyrma jyldyq qún maly ýshke bólinedi – bir bóligi biylik aitqan kýnge juyq jeti jyldaghy daugha, ekinshi bóligi odan arghy jeti jyldaghy daugha, ýshinshi bóligi qalghan alty jylgha.

26-BAP. Oilanyp jýrip óltirilgen erding qúny jýz týie bolady. Múnyng 25-i taylaq, 25-i qúnan atan, 25-i dónen atan, 25-i besti atan jәne oilanbay basqa sebeppen óltirilse, oghan 50 týie qún. Múnyng 25-i qúnan, 25-i besti atan.

Áyelding qúny - er qúnynyng jartysy. Qatelikpen oqystan óltirilgen kisige qún joq. Jәne eri әielin óltirse, oghan qún joq.

27- BAP. Barymtashygha hәm úrygha ólse qún joq.

28-BAP. Adam mýshesi mertikse, ýkimi sharighat boyynsha aitylady. Sharighat aiyruynyng qateligi bolmasyn dep súraymyz. Búl sózdi aiyrmaqqa tapsyrylsa eken, Semeydegi Ahmed Ualy Múnasif úlyna hәm Óskemen moldasy Myrzaghaly Ghabbas úlyna. Olardyng aiyryp bergen sharighaty osy erejege tirkelip jazylsa eken.

 

29- BAP. Balighatqa tolmaghan qyzdy zorlasa, aiypqa layyqty qalyng malynyng ýsh bóligining bir bóligin beredi. Balighatqa tolghan qyzdy zorlasa, at shapannan týie bastatqan toghyzgha deyin aiyp beredi. Kýieudegi әieldi zorlaghangha bir toghyzdan ýsh toghyzgha deyin. Oinas qylghan erkek, әielge ekeuine de dýre soghylsyn, aiyp joq. Múnday ister tekseriledi; eger әielding kýieui yaky әielding ózi, yaky tuysqany, yaky әke-sheshesi aryzdansa, osy baptyng basynda jazylghan eki daudy siezd biyleri bitiredi.

30-BAP. Kýieui bar әieldi bireu alyp qashsa yaky ózi qashsa, oinasymen birge onday әiel óz elining siezd biylerine tura qaytarylady. Biyler әiel men kýieuin jarastyrady. Eger kýieui әielding ózin alsa. Al alyp qashushy jigitten bir toghyzdan ýsh toghyzgham deyin aiyp salynady. Eger kýieui әielin almaymyn dese, әiel oinasynda qalady, biraq alyp qashushy әielding kýieui tólegen tolyq qalyng malyn qaytaryp beredi. Áyel mórden qúr qalady. Egerde bireu bireuding aittyrghan jesirin alyp qashsa, alyp qashushy qyz әkesәne tolyq qalyng malyn beredi: elu jyrtys sot aqysymen. Egerde әkesi jasau beruge yqtiyar bolmasa, qyz jasausyz qalady, jәne qyz әkesә búrynghy kýieuinen alghan qalyng malyn qaytaryp, ýstine bir toghyzdan ýsh toghyzgha deyin aiyp beredi.  

31-BAP. Egerde bireu әke-sheshesin renjitse, әke-sheshesining yqtiyary boyynsha qazaq ghúrpyna qaray jaza berilsin, eger moldany yaky qúrmetti kisilerdi renjitse, at-shapanyn, atan bastatqan toghyzgha sheyin aiyp beredi. Taghy bireu bireudi qol júmsap renjitse, bir toghyzdan ýsh toghyzgha deyin aiyp beredi; eger aiyp alushy kesilgen aiypty almaymyn dese, bir aigha abaqtygha otyrghyzady.

32-BAP. Úrys, tóbeles shygharghandar biylerding biyligi boyynsha at, shapannan ýsh toghyzgha deyin súraushynyng paydasyna aiyp tóleydi. Biraq, úrys, tóbelesting basshysy ózge joldastarynan góri aiypty artyghyraq tóleydi. Búzyqtyq shygharghan adamdar bolystyng prigovory men yaky ereje boyynsha biylerding biyligine aqshamen yaky katalashkamen abaqtymen jazalanady.

33-BAP. Qyzmet uaqytynda starshinalardyng tilin almasa, biylerding hýkimi boyynsha bes tenge aiyp yaky jeti kýn abaqtygha otyrghyzyp jazalanady. Bolys starshinalardyng yqtiyary boyynsha jaldaghan shabarmannyng tilin almasa jogharyda aitylmysh jazagha kiriptar bolady. Eger bolys starshyndarynyng yqtiyarynsyz jaldaghan shabarmannyng tilin almasa, til almaghannyng jazasy bolystyng óz hýkiminde bolady. Egerde bireu bolystyng tilin almaghan bolsa, oyazdyng yqtiyary boyynsha bir bolys elding siezine yaky oyazdyng tótenshe siezining tekseruine beredi. Hýkim aitqan uaqytta bir biyge, yaky siezd biylerine dórekilik etkenge haraqat әlgi aitylmysh boyynshsha siezd bii arqyly jaza beriledi.

34-BAP. Sugha ketip bara jatqandargha, órt uaqytynda, boran hәm suyqta sol siyaqty týrli sebepterde bolysyp, kómek etpegender bas toghyzben aiyptalady.

35-BAP. Mal ónimin toqtatpaq ýshin jasalghan hýkimder boyynsha jahat qylmaghandargha bolystyng ýkimi boyynsha 3 tenge aiyp jaza bolady. Kórshi elinde mal ólimi bolghan uaqytta jahat etpegenderge jaza kóbeyedi, jeti kýnnen bir aigha deyin abaqty búiyrylady. Aryq búzghandargha, kópir qúdyq búzghandargha, ózge bireuding óz enbegimen jasaghan ibarlaryn búzghandargha shyghynnan basqa aiyp búiyrylady. At, shapan yaky aqsha boyynsha 15 tenge.

 

36- BAP. Qazaq arasyndaghy úrlyq ýshin úrlaghan malyn qaytaryp, aiyp beredi, moynyna qosaq, artyna tirkeu, Qandy at, biylik atymen moynyna qosaq, artyna tirkeu mal baghasymen birdey bolady. Jýirik jorghanyki orta atpen birdey bolady. Mal iyesine tiyisti; hәm úrynyng astyndaghy qandy aty әr úrydan alynyp beriledi, biylik at úry basy sayyn alynyp, biylik aitqan biylerge beriledi.

37-BAP. Mal tólengennen basqa úrylargha jaza búiyrylady. Bir aigha deyin abaqty, alpys shybyqqa deyin dýre. Biyler búl jazany hýkim aitqanda búiyrmaqqa mindetti. Nemere yaky jiyen bolsa, naghashysynan, ataaghasynan mal alyp qashsa, oghan jaza joq. Jәne alyp qashqan maly qaytarylmaydy. Ekinshi mәrte alyp qashsa, by arqyly naghashysy, ata, aghasynyng súrauy boyynsha jaza beriledi. Búl ýkim әiel jaghynan jiyenge nemese nemerege tiyisti.

38-BAP. Jylqy qúiryghyn keskender bir at shapannan bir týiege deyin aiyptalady.

39- BAP. Úrlyqqa jahat etken adamdar úrymen birdey jaza tartady. Biraq, dúre, abaqty serik bolghan uaqytty kisilerge búiyrugha kóbinese tiyisti.

40- BAP. Jiyrma jylqydan artyq barymta qylghan kisilerden úry basy bir qandy at, bir biylik attan uә hәm ýsh t oghyz aiyp barshasynan alynady. Jiyrma jylqydan kem bolsa, jogharyda aitylmysh 37- bapta maghlúmdýr. Jylqy basyna bólek.

41-BAP. Qazaq rәsimi boyynsha kýieuden әieldi aiyrugha bolady. Kýieui belgisiz bolsa yaky astynyng jazylmas auruy bolsa. Múnday nauqastary bolmasa, kýieuining yqtiyary boyynsha shyghady. Qalyndyq pen kýieuin aiyrugha mýmkin bolady. Kýieu qyzdan jiyrma bes jasy ýlken bolsa, yaky bir mýshesi kem bolsa yaghny qyz kýieuden toghyz jasy ýlken bolsa taghy da kýieu kede         y bolyp qalyngha mal bere almasa yaky tóze almastay úry bolsa, taghy da senimsiz jamandyghy halyqqa әshkere bolyp, óz basynan yqtiyary ketken bolsa. Qazaq rәsiminshe eri әieldi hәm qalyndyq pen kýieuden aiyrugha basqa sebep joq.

42-BAP. Barsha jesir turasyndaghy daular nekelilerding arasynda kýieuining elinde bitisedi. Nekesi qiylmaghandardyng arasyndaghy qyzdyng elinde bitisedi. Osy joghary eki sebepte siez biyleri bitim aitady. Qazaq rәsimi boyynsha anyq neke molda aldynda qiylghan dúrys bolady. Volostnoy upraviyteliding qolyndaghy kitaptan kesilip berilgen kvitansiya әieli kýieuine tiyisti ekendigine kuәlikke jaramaydy.

43-BAP. Eger kýieui qalyng malyn tólep bitirmey túryp qalyndyghyn alyp qashsa, qalghan malyn berip hәm qayyn atasyna kelip kenshilik súraugha tiyisti. Eger kýieui qalyng malyn tólep bitirgennen keyin qalyndyghyn alyp qashsa hәm әke-sheshesi qyzyn sebepsiz bermey, kóp qstap túrghan bolsa, alyp qashqan kýieu aiypsyz hәm jasau súraugha rúqsat. Eger qyzdyng әke-sheshesi toy jabdyghymen úzatuyn layyqty jaqsy qylyp jóneltemin dep keshiktirgen sebebi bolsa, kýieu aiypty bolady, qayyn atasyn úyatty qylghan sebepti. Árdayym múnday jesir daular ziyan kórgen jaghynan aryz boyynsha týsedi.

44- BAP. Úzatqan qyz barghan jerinde bala tappay ólse, tórkinine mingen at, er-túrmany, artqan bir týie sәukelesimen qaytarady.

45- BAP. Eger qalyndyghy ólip qalyp, baldyzy jezdesine barmaymyn dese, alghan qalyng malyn qyz әkesi kýieuine qaytaryp beredi.

46- BAP. Kýieui ólgen jesir әieli sýise, kýieuining bir tuysqan bauyryna yaky aghayynyna tiyedi, egerde sýimese yqtiyary ózinde.

47- BAP. Egerde kýieu qúdalyqty búzsa: qyz әkesi búzsa, kýieuden alghan qalyng malyn qaytaryp beredi Hәm daulasqan qalyng maldyng ghúrpyna qaray aiyp beredi. Batasy qyryq jeti baytal yaky artyq bolsa, bas toghyzdan ýsh toghyz aiyp beredi. On jeti bolsa, bir at shapan beredi. Egerde kýieuining әkesi yaky ózi qúdalyqty búzsa, bergen qalyng malynan ýsh toghyzdy qaldyryp, qalghan malyn alady. Egerde qalyng maly qyryq jeti bolsa, otyz jeti bolsa – eki toghyz, jiyrma jeti bolsa – bir toghyz, on jeti bolsa – bir at, shapan.

48-BAP. Barsha qarsy qúda turasyndaghy daulardy biyler bitirse kerek jәne kelesi uaqytta qarsy qúda bolynbasyn. Yaghny búl ereje maghlúm etilgennen keyin egerde qúda bolsa, molda nekesin qimasyn.

49-BAP. Qúdalyq uaghdasy bekitiledi – qúda týsip, qúiryq bauyr jegen kýnnen keyin.

50-BAP. Eger kýieui ólgen әiel balasy joq bolsa da, bar bolsa da kýieuge tiymey otyrsa kýieuinen qalghan barsha malgha ie bolyp, biylep túrady. Egerde kýieui ólgen әiel kýieuge tiyemin, shyghamyn dese, barlyq kýieuinen qalghan malynan balasy bolsa segizden birin, balasy bolsa altydan birin alady. Kiygen kiyim tósek ornynan basqa qalghan erkek balalary, qalghan barsha malymen әkesining balalaryna beriledi. Olar óz arasynan birine ie qylyp balany malymen saqtatady. Sol ie bolghan kisi qaghazben esep beruge mindetti emes. Egerde malyn orynsyz shashty degen dau sóz bolsa, sonda by arqyly barsha tughandarynyng kórsetui boyynsha tekseriledi. Qyz bala qalsa, әr uaqytta anasyna tiyisti, anasy kýieuge berip, qalyng malyn ózi alady. Qyz kýieuge tiyekesh, ýlken atasynyng bauyrlaryna yaghny qalghan maldy saqtap túrushygha tórkindep baryp әkesining qalghan malynan layyqty ese alady. Egerde әiel kýieuge tiymey, ólgen kýieuining malyna ie bolyp, búzyq túrsa yaky malyn shashsa ólgen kýieuining tuysqanynyng bireui ie bolyp syrtynan qarap túrady. Ol ie bolghan kisi әieldi ie qalghan maldy auylfyna yaky ýiine kirgizip almaydy. Lekin búl әielding auylynda basqaryp túrady. Túl әiel kýieuge tiyse ekinshi qalyng mal alynbaydy. Egerde jesir qalghan ýsh qatyny bolsa, sonda segizden birin bәrine birdey bólip beredi. Eger ýsh әielding biri kýieuge tiyemin dese tósek oryn, kiygen kiyiminen basqa jiyrma tórtten birin alady. Egerde eki jesir әielding biri bolsa, on altydan birin alady.

51-BAP. Soyys qonaghasy qazaq rәsiminde bar. Bermegen kisi bir at, shapannan bir týiege deyin aiypty bolady. Lekinde búlardyng ishinen shygharylady. Hәm trakti jol ýstinde, jәrmenke qasynda, qayyq auzynda hәm siez mekeninde, qala qasynda túrushylar.

52-BAP. Eki tamyr aiyrylyssa, biylerding tekserui boyynsha artyghyn alysar. Bir-birinen aiyp joq.

53-BAP. Qyzmettegi adamdardyng ýstinen jala qylghandart biylerding biyligi boyynsha jiyrma segiz kýnge deyin abaqtygha kiriptar bolady.  Jauapkerding shyghyny shyqsa, anyghyn qaytaryp beredi. Múnday jalalardy toqtatargha bir sebep kórsetemiz. Sonday jalghan aryzdar әsirese saylau uaqytynda kóp bolady. Onyng haqynda súraymyz úlyqtarda múnday aryz túrghysynda isteytin anyqtamany jasatqansha bolystyng yaky tótenshe siezding biylerine teksermekke berilse eken.

54-BAP. Bireuding jerin jegen daulardy biyler jeri pәlensheniki degen elubasylardyng kuәligine qaray tekseredi. Teksergen uaqytta jerdi biyler ózderi kóredi yaky senimdi kisining kuәligi boyynsha jegen jerining somasyna qaray biylik aitady. Shyghynyn qaytaryp, ýstine hәm aiyp salady.

55- BAP. Qonghan auylda qonaqtyng aty joghalsa auyl kýimeydi, senbese at iyesi auyldan sharighat alady.

56-BAP. Toghyz degen aiyptyng malgha shyqqan sanfy mynau:

Birinshi – bas toghyz týie bastatqan.

1-týie

2-qúlyn

2-biye

2-qúnan

2-tay

Ekinshi – orta toghyz, yaghny at bastatqan toghyz.

1-juan at

2-tay

2-tayynsha

4-boydaq qoy

Ýshinshi – ayaq toghyz.

1-dónen ógiz

2-tayynsha

3-boydaq qoy

3-toqty, toqal toghyz bolmaydy.

57-BAP. Mal basyn búlaysha baghalaymyz.

Manday týie – 3 at jәne 30 qoy.

Orta týie – 3-besti

Dónen atan – 2-besti, 1-tay

Qúnan atan – 2- besti

Taylaq – qúlyndy bie 12-qoylyq

Bota -1-besti

Bәige at – orta bir týieden bes bes týiege deyin

Jorgha at – qúlyndy biyeden tórt týiege sheyin

Jaqsy at – qúlyndy biyeden bir týiege sheyin

Ayghyr – qúlyndy biyeden eki bestige sheyin

Bie qúlyndysy – 10 qoy

Bie qúlynsyzy – 10 toqty

At – 9 qoy

Besti – jetiden segiz qoygha sheyin

Dónen – 5 qoydan 6 qoygha sheyin

Qúnan  - 4 qoydan 5 qoygha sheyin

Tay  - 3 qoydan 4 qoygha sheyin

Qúlyn – 2 qoygha sheyin

Atan ógiz – 12 qoy

Besti hәm dónen ógiz – 4 qoydan 8 qoygha sheyin

Tayynsha – 2 qoy

58-BAP. Ýi, kilet búzyp, qastyq niyetimen istese, úrlaghan nәrsesinen basqa bir toghyzdan ýsh toghyzgha deyin aiyp beredi. Qora, kilet búzbaghan úrlyqqa at shapan aiyp beredi. Ol az, onan ýlken aiyp úrlaghan somasyna qaray.

59-BAP. Biylerding biyligi boyynsha kesilgen qalyp qalybynsha alyp beriledi. Egerde jauapker yqtiyarymen búiyrylghan maldy bermese yaky shaqyruyna kelmese, sonda mal alyp berushi auyldastarynan kuә aldyryp, sol kuәlardan mal alushy bir qalys kisini tandap alyp osy jogharyda aitylmysh bagha boyynsha alyp beretin maldy baghalaydy. Egerde mal berushi kisi bermeymin dep qarsylyq qylsa, baylap qoyyp alyp beruge de bolady. Biylik boyynsha mal alyp beruge eshbir qazaq rәsiminshe ýlgi joq.

60-BAP. Úrlyq ýshin kesilgen mal alynyp beriledi,  úrynyng ózinen hәm oghan serik bolghan joldasynan. Úrynyng serik joldasy bolady at berip attandarghan, birge úrlyqqa baryp eptesken, úrlaghan jylqyny jasyrghan, istegen úrlyqty bile túryp jasyrghandar. Búl kisileding maly joq bolsa, mal tóleuine mindetti. Úrlanghan atty bile túryp satyp alghandar, egerde satyp alushylar úrymen bir bolysta bolsa, odan sol mal alynyp beriledi. Sol úrlyqty qylghan uaqytta túrghan auyl iyesining sonyng da maly joq bolsa, mal alushy dauger bóten oyazdiki bolsa, sonda qyzmette túrushy adamdar hәm júrty tóleydi. Starshyn eli kýiedi. Mal alushy bóten bolystiki bolyp, bir duandas bolsa, elubasy halqy kýiedi.Dauger bir bolystiki bolyp, ózge starshyndiki bolsa da, mal alushy men mal berushi bir starshyndiki bolsa on basy halqy kýiedi. Búl qylghan yntymaghymyz úrlyqty tyimaq ýshin hәm mal iyesining iyesining maly týgel tiyip, rizalyqqa jetpek ýshin jasadyq. Yaghny shyghyn ornyna kesilmish aiyptardy almaq haqynda taghy da yntymaghymyzdy jasadyq. Ýsh jylgha shaq uaqyt qoyyp, yaghny úrlyq tiylghansha qyzmettegi qyzmettegi adamdardy mal tóleuden shygharmaghan sebemimiz, sol halyqtyng ishindegi jamaghat adamy bolghan húqynda halyqtyng mal tóleytin rayy bolady. Jogharghy aitylmysh adamdardyng maly joq bolghan uaqytta, eger biyler maly joqtyghyna kózderi jetip aiyrghan bolsa, júrtqa týsetin múnyng haqyndaghy maldy biyler tekserip biledi. Múnan basqa yntymaq qylamyz eldegi barsha úrylardy hәm senimsiz adamdardy týgendep, senimdi adamdargha kepilge bermekke keybireulerge kepilge almaymyn deui mýmkin emes, kepilge beruge tiyisti. Basshy kisilerge, auyl aqsaqaldaryna hәm onyng ishinen qyzmet iyelerine shygharmaymyz. Sol kepil kisiler auyl iyelerimen júrtqa tartqyzbay túryp, әueli ózderi kýise kerek. Úry ýshin kepildikke túrghan adamdargha biylik berilmesin. Mal alushygha úrynyng qystauyndaghy artyq jeri tóleuge alyp beriledi. Ua, hәm biylerge mindetti biylik aitqan uaqytta úrygha japat qylghan bay adamdargha dýre men abaqty búiyrmaqqa: ýsh mәrtebe úrlyghy moynyna qoyylyp, tyiylmaghandardy júrt ýkim jasap, óz arasynan mýlde aidatsa kerek. Eger ýkim bermeymin degen adam bolsa, sol úry ýshin mindetti. Úrygha týsken barlyú maldy tartsa kerek.

61-BAP. Sotta jesir turasynan hәm basqa daular boyynsha jogharghy aitylmysh rәuishshe mal alyp beruge bolmaydy.Árkim ózi ýshin – ózi kýiedi. Maly joq degen sóz alynbasyn. Biraq, qún turasyndaghy daularda mal tartadyóltirisip serik bolghandar.

62-BAP. Qazynagha hәm dauger adamgha kesilgen aiyp, ózge kisiden kýidirip alynbaydy. Kesken adamnyng maly joq bolsa, aiyp ornyna abaqty búiyrylady.

63-BAP. Jalghyz biyding bolystyq hәm tótenshe siezderining kórsetilmish kopiә kesiletin kitapting ýlgisin bek únatamyz.

64-BAP. Kýmәnning etui bolystyq moldanyng tekseruinde. Moldanyng zúlymdyghy halyqtyng tekseruine tiyisti. Kýmәnshәnәi uaqytty kýninde kýmәn etkendigi jazargha bizge kórsetilgen kitapting ýlgisin únatamyz. Sol kitapti molda alyp jýrmey ýiinde saqtasa eken. Qalay dauger kóshirmeni alghannan song moldagha baryp, kitabyna tirketse kerek. Eger dauger osylaysha etpese, ilgeri uaqytta kýmin ótpedi dep aryz aitugha tiyisti emes. Kýmәnshә uaqytty molda ýiinde bar bolsa da, joq bolsa da, kelgenin mәlim etip, kitapqa jazdyrsa kerek. Yaghny molda kýmәnning aitylmysh uaqytty kýninde lәkin qadirinshe ýiinde otyrsa kerek. Molda kýmәnning etkendigin yaky etpegendigin kóshirmening syrtyna jazumen kuәlandyryp túrsyn. Osy baptaghy aitylghandardy tolyq istemeu ýshin biyler biyliginde kýminshining atyn, jónin hәm uaqytty kýnin anyqtap jazugha mindetti.

65-BAP. Mýmkin bolsa metricheskiy kinәgalar bolystyq moldanyng qolynda jýrse eken. Biraq, kinaganyng jazyluy kórsetilmish ýlgimen músylmansha jazylsa eken. Egerde úlyqtar búrynghyday metricheskiy kinәgany tilmashqa jazdyrugha tiyisti kórse, sonda bolystyq moldany biz mindetti qylamyz, qiylghan nekeni kesilmish kinәgadan kvitansiyanyng syrtyna jazyp kuәlandyrmaqqa lәkin jalghyz tilmashtyng kinagagha tirkegeni neke bolmaydy. Áyel men erkek arasynda moldamen qiylsa neke tahiyq bolady.

66-BAP. Egerde bir ýlgili kinәgarlar berilse, sonda jalghan kóshirme beruge orny kelmes, osydan búryn berilmish kóshirmeler biyding móri yaky qoly qoyylsa syiymdy bolady, Eki biyding móri basylghan kóshirmelerde bolys yaky siez bastyghynyng jazylmysh kuәligi bolmasa, siez – biyining kóshirmesi dep senuge mýmkin emes.

67- BAP. Eger dauger biyge tura aryz aitsa, by jauapkerdi shaqyrtyp, kerek qylsa sonda auylnay starshina aitylmysh jauapkerdi jetkizip bersin. Eger biyliginde hәm kóshirmesinde kesilgen maldardy anyqtapjazugha mindetti. Kýmәn etpese de.

68-BAP. Úrlyq haqynda kesilmish biylik attan basqa ózge daulardan qiylghan biylik ýshin onnan birin alady. Biyler kesilgen ózderine tiyis biylik haqysyn óz qoldarymen alsa, zorlyq hýkiminde bolady. Biylik qylghan jerinde haqysy alyp berilsin. Ár siezde biyler bir qalys kisini biylik qaqysyn jiyp alyp by basyna birdey bólip beredi.

69-BAP. Siezde shaqyrylghan barsha barsha qyzmet iyelerining ústaghan shyghyndary júrt ýstinen salynady. Sol shyghyndardy el arasynda starshyn siishy bolady. Kimde-kim tiyisti týsken shyghynyn bermese, biylerding tekseruine beriledi.

70-BAP. Qazaqtyng óz arasynda bolynmysh daulargha orystan yaky noghaydan uәkilding alyp kirispesin.  Dәbernay bolargha mýmkin ózimen oyazdas qazaq adamgha.

71-BAP. Biylerding biylik bitimin ornyna keltirmek uaghda kýni kóshirmeni bolsyqa yaky starshinagha maghlúm etken kýnnen esepteledi. Jalghyz biyding biyligin ornyna keltirmekke starshyn mindetti. Siez biylerinikin bolys mindetti. Bir biyding biylerin ornyna keltirmek uaghdasy ýsh kýnnen jeti kýnge sheyin. Siez biyleriniki jeti kýnnen jiyrma kýnge sheyin. Tótenshe siezding biyligin jiyrma kýnge sheyin.

72-BAP. Egerde jetim qyz әke-sheshesining tiri kezinde uaqytynda qúda bolyp atastyrghan bolsa, bireuge әke-sheshesi ólgennen keyin qúdalyghyn búzghan bolsa, alghan kýieui qalyng malyn aiybymen qaytarady. Egerde qyz búrynghy atastyrghan kýieuine tiyse, sonda eshkim tiyisti әkesinen qalghan jasauyn hәm mirasyn almaqqa toqtau qylmasyn.

73-BAP. Osy erejedegi aitylmysh barsha sózder kәzirgi siezge mindetti. Bólek postonavleniyedegi jazylmysh sózderden basqasy, eshbir toqtatpayynsha bitirmekke mindetti.

Búl ereje maghlúm etilgen son, barsha biylerge, siezderge, bolystargha, starshyndargha janadan ereje jasalghangha sheyin, osy erejeler jasalmay túryp jasalghan kóshirmeler 67-shi bapta aitylghan rәuish boyynsha syiymdy bolady. Lekin onyng ýshin osy 73 bapty erejeni bizder jasadyq. Qazaq rәsiminshe taza kónilimiz hәm әdiletimizben ua hәm rastyghyna sendiremiz. Pavlodar oblysynyng bii Jýsip Bәtishúly, by Isa Berdәliúly, by Moldabay Sәrsenúly, by Múqatay Keldibekúly, by Saniyaz Babayúly, by Smaghúl Shoqparúly qoldaryn qoydy.

By Serghazy Taysaryúly, by Jalaliddin Ramazanqly mórlerin basty.

Qarqaraly oyazynyng bii Hakim Qúdaymendeúly, biy  Abay Mayqyúly, by Bókesh Sybanúly, by Eleubay Qashqynbayúly, by Biylebay Túmanbayúly, Abraly bolysynyng kandidaty Shәkirúly mórlerin basty. 

By Ospan Ataqozyúly, by Baymúhamed Aldabergenúly qoldaryn qoydy.

By Isa Shontyúly tanbasyn basty.  

Semipolat oyazynyng qúrmetti qazaqtary Ibragim Qúnanbayúly, Qúdaybergen Tastanbekúly, Ibragim Nýrkenúly,biyler Bektoghay Botbayúly, Isa Sútjanúly, Aytqazy Beysembayúly, by Júmahan Jarqynbayúly qoldaryn qoydy.

By Sýiindik Shaqabayqly, by Áljan Nazarqly mórlerin basty. Óskemen oyazynyng bolysy horunja Silәm Áljanúly, qúrmetti qazaq Qúrmanghaly Jaqypúly,  by Jankódey Qotayoghly,by Erejep Noqayúly qoldaryn qoydy. Bolys Isa Kónbasúly, bolys Qabanbay Qoshqarúly, by Ýsen Qalabayúly mórlarin basty. Qúrmetti qazaq Qalmatay Esenqojaúly tanbasyn basty. By Qaumen Amanúly qolyn qoydy. Zaysan duanynyng balasy Bókesh Shayanbayúly bolys Biyleushi Bosqynbayúly, by Júmaqan Qisyqúly, by Qoqash Esenkeldiúly qoldaryn qoydy. Bolys Aqshal Qojabergenúly, bolys Tәrkimbay Jaqsybayúly, by Jaysanbay Elemisúly, by Batbaqbay Tәleuliúly, by Qayranbay Qúlyndúly mórlerin basty. Siez bastyghy Óskemen oyazy Maevskiy qolyn qoydy. Semey oyazynyng lauazymyn ada qylushy Kazansev Zaysan pristavynyng pomeshiygi Narbut, Qarqaraly oyazynyng starshiy pomoshniygining lauazymyn ada qylushy Atbaqin qoldaryn qoydy, hәm voennyy gubernator Shiklinskiy qolyn qoydy.

Almahan Múhametqaliqyzy, Astana qalasy, Ziyatkerlik Tehnologiyalar akademiyasy, «Abaytanu» ghylymiy-zertteu ortalyghy

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