Jazushy, alashtanushy ghalym Túrsyn Júrtbaydyng (surette) «Besigindi týze!..» kitabynyng jalghasy. Ótken bólimderin myna siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar:

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“Biz әli shiyki júrtpyz” dep kýiinuinde kóp men bar edi. Feodaldyq qoghamnyng rulyq tartysy talay taghdyrlardy sorlatty. El arasyna iritki salugha negizdelgen bolystyq saylau – halyqty әbden yghyr qylyp, tityqtatyp, dosty – araz, dúshpandy – jau ghyp jiberdi. Qazaqtyng eldigine, keleshegine kesirin tiygizetin indetterdi barynsha synap, jerine jete әshkerelegen “Mәdeniyetke qay kәsip juyq?”, “Qazaq ishindegi partiya neden” degen sol jurnaldaghy maqalalary, belgili-belgisiz sebeptermen úzaq uaqyt boyy basylmay keldi. “Abay” jurnalynyng songhy sany qiyn jaghdaygha, aq pen qyzyldyng almakezek auysuyna baylanysty tolyq taralmay qaldy. Búghan Múhtardyng ózi saqtandyrghan sýzek indeti qosyldy. Búl turaly Múhtardyng ózi:

– “Syrly әdebiyetke kirisudi piesa jazudan bastadym. 1918 jyldyng 19 jylgha qaraghan qysynda sýzek bolyp auyryp, oqudy tastap qyrgha shyghyp túryp edim. Sonda, eng alghashqy piesam –“El aghasy” degen 4 perdeli dramany jazdym. Jә degennen piesadan, dramadan bastaudyng ózi belden shapqan siyaqty orynsyz bastalghan qúr keude bolatyn. Búl da kóp sandyraqtyng biri, berekesiz kezder edi. Sol sorly piesam qayda ekenin osy kýnge sheyin bilmeymin. Ózimde qarasy da qalghan joq. Qys boyy elde bolyp. Jaz taghy elde boldym. Ondaghy jazghanym “Bәibishe – toqal”- dedi.

“El aghasy” sol kýiinshe joghalyp ketti. Al, “Bәibishe – toqaldyn” joly boldy. Múhtar shygharmashylyghyndaghy kóp taldanbaghan shygharmanyng biri de osy piesa. Dәl osy piesa siyaqty eleusiz qalghan maqalanyng biri Múhtardyng dosy Daniyal Kәkitayúlynyng “Qorghansyzdar” atty syn maqalasy. Múhtar turaly eng alghashqy derbes maqala bolghandyqtan ghana qúndy emes, múnda túnghysh ret kórkem shygharmanyng әleumettik astaryna toqtalady. Múhtarmen birge jastyq dәurenin qatar keshken Daniyal sol tústaghy qazaq qoghamyn jaylaghan rushyldyq dertin jәne Múhtardyng “Bәibishe – toqal” piesasynyng kótergen mәselesin bylay týsindiredi.

“Qazaqtyng sar dalasyn osynday týnergen qara búlt basqan, halqy bir udy jep alghan, bir zildi iyisti iyiskep mas bolghan syqyldy. Ol u, ol iyis ne? Ol – qúrt auruday deneni ezdirip, kózdi shelge toltyryp, adamshylyqtan shygharyp kele jatqan qazaqtyng últ joldasy, últ múrasy, әueyi sanaghan, túqym qughan sasyq partiyasy.

Qazaqtyng bar әleumetshildigi, quanysh-qayghysy, sýyi, jek kórui, tilegi, dostyghy, qastyghy, bar tirshiligi sonda. Bәri sonyng pishinine qaray belgilenedi. Búl dertpen bay-kedey, jaqsy-jaman, juan-jinishke týp-týgel bәri birdey auyrady, bәri sol dertpen sandyraqtaydy. Ózgeni bylay qoyyp búl aurudy enkeygen kempir-shalmen enbektegen balagha deyin júqtyrghan, zildi aurudyng shalyghy búlargha da tiygen.

Partiyanyng emshek sýtimen jetilgen jas balalar bolashaqta úshy-qiyry joq kóp tizbekting bir buyny bolyp qatargha qosylmaq. Bolashaqta at jalyn tartyp minisimen-aq dos-jaranyn jargha iyterip, bireuding qolymen ot kósep, bireudikine kóz sýzip, ol ýshin aldap, arbap, әli jetse zorlyq, qiyanat istep, tughan-tuysqandarymen tyshqaq laq ýshin, bir týp kóde ýshin itshe alyspaq.

Mine, osy audany ken, órisi tarylmaghan zildi auyr, jasyryn biteu jaranyng auzy jarylyp syrtqa shyqqan shirigin, ap-ayqyn bolyp kózge týsken jauyzdyghyn biz Múhtar Áuez úlynyng “Bәibishe-toqalynda” kóremiz”.

Alghash “Qorghansyzdar” dep atalghan Búl syn 1924 jyly “Sana” jurnalynyng № 2-3 sandarynda basyldy. Jurnaldyng jabyluyna baylanysty maqalanyng ekinshi bólimi jariyalanbay qalghan. Biz búl materialdy arab әrpinen krill qarpine týsirip “Qazaq әdebiyeti” gazetining 1988 jyly 2 qyrkýiektegi sanyna kóshirip bastyq. Mәsele, synnyng kesheuildep jariyalanghanynda emes, Múhtardyng shygharmasynyng maqsatyn tereng týsinuinde, óitkeni, Múhtar búl piesany jazghanda Daniyalmen aqyldasqan, alghashqy núsqasyn oghan oqyp bergen. Sebebi, búl “qayghyly haldegi” ómirlik shyndyqpen Daniyal da etene tanys edi. Biraq Daniyal sol tanys adamdardyng is-әreketining ózinen iysi qazaqqa ortaq dertti tany biledi jәne onyng әleumettik sebebin izdeydi. Ony qazaq halqynyng “qorghansyzdyghynan” kóredi.

“Bizshe búlar kez keletin, qazaq ishinde bar adamdar. Qúr bardy bylay qoyyp, búlar ekining birinde kez keletin adamdar, tipti, Beysembi, Ábdildәsi joq bolys, oyaz, әziri kiyiz tuyrlyqty qazaq joq desek ótirikshi bolmaymyz. Búlar sonday audandanyp, tamyrlanyp alghan jalpygha qas adamdar. Búlardyng qazaq ómirindegi orny, esendikterdi biyleudegi kýshi turaly aitugha da auyz tolmaydy. Búlarsyz qazaq denesine qan taramaydy, qyrdaghy qazaq tirshiligining búlar kindigi, jýregi, tamyry. Qyrdyng bar tirshiligi osylarmen baylanysty. Búlarsyz qyr jansyz, sezimsiz, oisyz ólik bolyp qalatyn syqyldy. Búlarsyz esendikter astyndaghy atyna, qoynyndaghy qatynyna ie bola almay, qor bolyp qalatyn syqyldy.

Beysembi, Ábdildәlardyng manyzy, kýshteri osynday.

Endi búlardyng sebebi ne? Soghan kelsek, búl qiyn súrau. Ongha, teriske janyluymyz mýmkin. Biraq ózimizding týsinuimizshe “mynadan” dep jauap berip kórelik.

Birinshi sebep – qorghansyzdyq.

Mәnisi mynau:

Qazaqtyng kópsheli daladaghy tirshiliginde adamnyng adamshylyghy, mal-mýlki qorghauly ma? Qorlyq kórsen, zorlyq kórseng onay esege qolyng jetip, tentekti tyighyzyp, kegindi ala alasyng ba? Qalyng qazaqtyng ishinde otyryp eshkimge qaqtyqpay, eshkimge soqtyqpay, bireuge arqa sýiep, bireumen odaqtaspay ózinmen-ózing bolyp mal maldanyp, jan jandanyp tynysh tirshilik ete alasyng ba?

Joq, joq. Onday tirshilik mýmkin emes. Kýni erteng sening malyndy, ne qyz, ne qatynyndy tartyp, ne basqa adamshylyghynda tiyetin zorlyqtar istemesine eshkim kepil emes.

Sondyqtan sen qalyng qazaqtyng ishinde otyryp, iyesiz dalada jalghyz kele jatqan adamday ózindi ózing qorghansyz sezinesin. Qorghansyzdyqty sezuding sebebi tolyq. Artynnan erteng eling bolmasa, ne sýiener, sýikener senimdi odaghyng bolmasa, ne myqty qorghanyng bolmasa, sen bir kýn de esen-sau tirshilik ete almaysyn. Qazir-aq byt-shyt qylyp talap alady. Talap almasa úrlap alady, almasa qorqytyp alady. Áyteuir, seni jem qylady. Amalsyz tús-tústan antalaghan qúzghyndardyng qúrbany bolasyn...

...Sóitip jýrip Beysembi, Ábdildәlardyng qúruly toryna týsedi. Mine, qyrdaghy qorghansyz tirshilikting bir qarap ótkendegi “súlu” suretteri”-deydi Daniyal.

Al Múhtar sol dertti kórkem shygharmagha arqau etip, aragha ot tastaghan keselding ómirde qalay bolatynyn júrtqa kórsetu, kózin jetkizu niyetimen piesa jazdy. “Bәibishe – toqal” – onyng ekinshi kórkem tuyndysy. Oqigha jelisin ómirde bolghan jaydan aldy. Búl – piesagha el yqylasynyng auuyna tikeley úitqy boldy.

Oqigha tónkeris qarsanynda, Múhtardyng ata mekeni Bórili qystauynyng irgesindegi syban bolysynda ótken. Bórili – shyghysynda syban, soltýstiginde – uaq, ontýstiginde – tobyqty bolystyqtarynyng arasynda. Áuez aqsaqal solardyng barlyghymen qyz alysyp, qyz berisip, sýiek-shatys bop ketken. Múhtardyng ainalasyn, tughan-tuysqandaryn jaqsy biletin professor Músatay Aqynjanov: “Piesadaghy Beysembi bizding bir aghayynnyng naghashy atasy edi. Saylau eregesinde bәibishe men toqaldyng balalary ekige jarylyp, әrqaysysy óz naghashysyna tartypty. Toqaldyng týrt-týrtimen bәibishening ýlken úly oqqa úshypty. Kelensiz jay tónkeristing qarsanynda bolypty. Múhtar izin suytpay piesa jazdy. Biraq naqty adamdardyng aty-jónin úmytyp qalyppyn. Áyteuir, Arqattyn, ordanyng syrtyndaghy oqigha ekeni anyq”,-deydi.

Uaqyt shany kómip, búrynghy qystau iyeleri temir jol boyyn saghalap, jan-jaqqa tarap ketkendikten “Bәibishe – toqaldyn” ómirlik shyndyghyn egjey-tegjeyli anyqtaudyng sәti týspedi. Aqysh Túraghúl qyzy da jas kezinde el arasynda osynday әngimening jayylyp ketkenin estipti. Biraq, naqty adamdarynyng atyn jadynan shygharyp alypty. Tek piesadaghy bolys, adam atyna sýiene otyryp, kýndestik bәsekening shynynda da ordanyng syrtynda, syban bolysynyng jerinde qandy keshke úlasqanyna kóz jetkizdik. Oghan eldi eregestirgen ru basylary Beysembi men Ábdildәning dialogtaryndaghy emeuirinder múryndyq bolady. Mysaly: “Beysembi: sening jazyghyng joq bolsa, mening de jazyghym joq. Toqaldyng balasy – tuysqanym. Tuysqandyqtan basqa jat minezdi kórse aitsyn... Týbinde jem bolsandar – sender bolarsyndar. Ábdilda-aq tauysady senderdi. (Tym-tyrys). Eske alynyp, esepke tútylmay kerey, uaqtyng kelimsekterindey jәrkening bireuine qonsy qonyp jýresinder”-deydi. Osydan myna jay angharylady. Kerey, uaq júrty – Abay auylyna kóp jiylghan. Ári oqighagha qatysy joq, beytarap aitylady. Ábdildanyng – el – jәrke, sybannyng bir tarmaghy. Sonda búl toqaldyng tórkini toboqty ruynan bop shyghady jәne Qayshanyng әkesi Baysalbay: “Abay jaryqtyq ózining el-júrtqa siymsyz bir tuysqanyna aitypty ghoy:

                             Soqaq-soqaq jortady kók bóriler,

                             Sonda da jýirik atqa bókteriler,

                             Tabynan bóten jýrgen sorly jigit,

                             Ár jerde júrt kózine jek kóriner” ”-

dep, Jiydebaydan Qyzyl molagha aghayynyna ókpelep kóship ketken Ámir Qúdayberdi úly men Maybasardyng Múhametjanyna arnaghan ólenin keltiredi. Demek, Músatay Aqynjanovtyng deregi shyndyqqa sayady. Al Ábdildәning qolyna kóship kelgen “Tólesh (Ghazizge): Sen saylaudan habar bilding be?.. Qalba bolysy saylanyp bolyp qalghan joq pa osy?” -dep súraydy. Qalba – sybangha kórshi әri aghayyn bolystyng jeri. Maly – óristes el. Búl – bәibishening tórkini. Revolusiyagha deyingi әkimshilik bólinisining rulyq negizde jýrgizilgenin eskersek, shyndyqtyng beti ashylady. Osy ýsh bolastyng japsarlasqan túsy – sybandardyng ata mekeni. Beysembining “Jәrke” dep otyrghany sybannyng ishindegi kishi ata, ózimen bir bolystaghy bedeldi by bop shyghady. Elding berekesin ketirgen Beysembi men Ábdildә jas jigitti oqqa baylap beredi.

Syban dalasy qazirgi Ayakóz – Semey aralyghyndaghy temir joldyng batys qaptalyndaghy qyrattan bastalady. “Bәibishe – toqaldyn” kýndestigi sol qyrattyng qoynauynda tútanyp, arty órtke úlasqan.

Jazyqsyz jandargha jany kýigen Múhtar piesasy arqyly qatygezdikting betin әshkereley otyryp, әleumettik tendikti nazardan tys qaldyrsa: “elding eldikke mahabbaty oyanbaydy. Endi nashardy órge tartyp, tendikke alyp, әdilet kózben qarap, esesin ózine tapsyrudy” úsynady. Búryn Múhtardyng qalamyna ilikpegen tyng tújyrym. Osy maqsat jetelep otyryp qogham qayratkeri dәrejesine kóterdi.

Múny Daniyal Kәkitay úly da dәl angharyp:

“Qayghaly hal jazushynyng úsynuy boyynsha – “Bәibishe – toqal” atanady. Biraq biz atqa qanaghattanbaymyz. Bizding teksergeli otyrghan әserimizdegi qayghyly hal – jalghyz bәibishe – toqaldan ghana shyghyp otyrghan joq. Onyng negizinde odan da zoryraq mәseleler jatyr. Ol mәselening ne ekenin jogharyda qysqasha aityp óttik. Keyin de aitamyz. Al qazir aitqaly otyrghanymyz: Múhtar Áuez úly ózining qayyghly halyna tap basyp at qoya almaghan. Biraq onyng ornyna qayghyly halyndaghy surettep, basyn ashyp otyrghan mәseleleri, atymen ghana baylanysty bolghan mәseleden góri kýshtirek, terenirek, negizdirek demekpiz.

Qazaq tirshiliginde “bәibishe – toqaldyq” degen nәrsening zor oryn alatyny ras. Ýi-ishi, qala berse tughan tuysqan ortasyndaghy talas-tartystyng asqyndap shiyelenisip ketip otyruyna onyng zor sebebi tiyedi. Qazaq tirshiligindegi tolyp jatqan jauyzdyqtyng negizgi sebeptermen baylanyssyz jeke bәibishe – toqaldyqtyng ózinen ghana tauyp otyratyn kesirlerdi alghan kýnde de osal qayghyly hal shyqpaydy, múnyng әriyne bizding senimimiz kýshti, biraq onday qayghyly hal qanday әserli bolsa da qazaq tirshiligindegi, tolyp jatqan jauyzdyqtardyng qyshuly týiinin sheship, audanyn tereng týrde surettey alady dep esh uaqyt aita almaymyz. Qalayda bәibishe – toqaldyqpen qazaq ómirindegi jauyzdyqtardyng týpki sebepterin týsindirip bolmaydy. Ol tek juan týbirden jaralghan bir jinishke bútaq qana. Sondyqtan eger Múhtar Áuez úlynyng “Bәibishe – toqal” atanatyn qayghyly haly jalghyz atymen ghana baylanysty bolyp, sonyng ghana sebepterin negiz qylyp, qayghyly halin surettegen bolsa, biz ony qanday jaqsy jazylghan bolsa da, qanday әserli bolsa da “Bәibishe – toqaldyn” dәl osy kýngi týrine esh uaqyt tenemes edik. Kýshti, tereng eken esh uaqyt aitpas edik.

Qazir biz ony aita alamyz, sebebi, Múhtardyng әserinde qazaqtyng tirshiligi meylinshe teren, audandy týrde surettelgen”,- dep tújyrym jasaydy.

“Bәibishe – toqaldyn” sol tústa ýlken tabysqa ie boluynyng basty sebebi – alasapyrandy shaqta aptyqpay, “aqyryn jýrip anyq basyp”, zamananyng aghysyn adaspay boljap, halqyna paydaly, keleshegin kógertetin joldy qolyna bilim shyraghyn ústay jýrip dúrys tabuy edi.

Ghúmyrgha azyq bolatyn tarihy betbúrystargha, buyrqanystargha toly bir jyly, yaghny 1918 jyly osylay ótti. Múhtar ýshin de búl merzimning qadiri erekshe edi.

(jalghasy bar)

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