ONYNG EKONOMIKAGhA ÁSERI BAR MA?

Keyingi kezde osy maqalanyng avtory әlemning dualidylyghy ghylymgha erteden mәlim degendi oqtyn-oqtyn estip qaluda. Iya, ol ras. Degenmen de, ómir ózgeredi, býtin bir dәuir kelesi dәuirmen almasady, sondyqtan bizding de qogham damuyna degen kóz­qarasymyz evolusiya jolymen ózgerui zandy. Dualidylyq kóp. Solardyng biri antikalyq kóne zamannan bizding dәuirge deyingi ruhanilyq pen materialdylyqtyng arasyndaghy birlik pen tartys. Ghalymdardyng ýnemi nazarynda jýrgen búl dualidylyqty jәne onyng damu satylaryn zertteu – kókeytesti mәselege ainalyp otyr.

Bizding oiymyzsha, «ruhaniy-materialdy» duali­dylyghy jәne onyng damuy Qasiyetti kitaptaghy ózgemeytin ruhany qúndylyq – shynayy ruhaniyatty ilim, al jeke túlghalardyng niyetteri men is-әreketteri, yaghny Din tútu jarghysynyng barlyq erejelerin әruaqytta oryndau, soghan sәikes ómir sýru – ózgerip túratyn qúbylys. Ruhaniyat ilimine sәikes bastapqyda adam týisiginde әluetti eki bastama oryn alady: bir jaghynan ruhany qúndylyqqa jәne ekinshi jaghynan materialdyq baylyqqa úmtylys. Qaysysy naghyz manyzdysy, qaysysy ómirding mәni bolatyny – ol adam tәrbiyesine baylanysty. Búl Garmoniyaly ne disgarmoniyaly әlemning zandy týrde payda boluyna әserin tiygizedi. Áriyne, búl jerde óz qiynshylyqtary bolady jәne de úzaq merzimge sozyluy da mýmkin.
Kóp qyrly, tamasha «Garmoniya» týsinigi adam­nyng jeke baqytyn, qoghamnyng jan-jaqty (sýiispenshilik pen bauyrlastyqtan ómirdi sýi men gummanistikke, túlghalardyng enbekqorlyghynan ekonomika­nyng túraq­ty damuyna deyin, t. b.), yaghny shynayy ruhanilylyq negizinde jasalghan aluan týrli: iygilik, qara­payymdylyq, kenpeyildilik, jaqsylyq, sana­lylyq, shynshyldyqty ózine aluan týrli qamtityn úghym. Kerisinshe, jeke azamat pen әleuettegi disgarmoniya jaghymsyzdyqqa toly, túnyp túr (sarandyq pen payyzqúmarlyqtan maskýnemdik pen beybastyqqa, elding jalpy kedeyliginen bir adamgha shaqqan tabys mólsherining jer men kóktey aiyrmashylyghyna, qúqyqtyng sheksiz búzyluynan qatal әkimshildikke, nekesizdikting basymdylyghynan etnostardyng joyyluyna deyin, t.b.). Ártýrli әleuetterde disgarmoniyanyng belgileri telegey teniz. Býkil ghalamdy, ne jeke túlghany alsaq ta Garmoniya barlyq jerde bar. Ony zertteu ruhanilyq ilimdi, әsirese, Islamdyq doktrinany, qazirgi ghylymmen, mysaly, metajýielilik taldau teoriyasymen úshtastyrudy talap etedi. Ruhany dengeyi jaghynan jeke túlghalar, әsirese, әleuetter әr aluan. Olar Jaratushyny moyyndamaytyn qaraniyetti materialisten (nóldik kórsetkishpen) din qyzmetshisine deyin bolady. Kóbisi ruhanilyghy jaghynan әrtýrli dengeydegi túlghalar. Dualidylyqtyng eki jaghy da ózgerip túrady. Qatyp qalghan materialdyq әlemning bolmaytynyn júrttyng bәri biledi. Al, kerisinshe, ruhany ómirding evolusiyasy, bizding pikirimizshe, kóp azamattargha anyq bayqalmaydy. Sondyqtan da, osyny dәleldeu qajet bolyp otyr. Kýrdeli ómirdi birqalypty emes týrde qabyldau «ruhanily-materialdy» dualidylyqtyng nege jәne qalaysha qalyptasatynyn týsinuge mýmkinshilik beredi. Ruhanilylyqtyng dengeyining kóterilui Garmoniyanyng negizin nyghaytady, al onyng tómendeui, kerisinshe, Garmoniyany әlsizdendiredi, sóitip, disgarmoniyany kýsheytedi. Álbette, ruhanilylyqty ghylymda jalpy qaraydy, al onyng shynayylyghyna kónil audara bermeydi.
Búl jerde shynayy ruhany ilimderding róline óte joghary bagha berilui kerek. Sodan keyin adamdardyng dinmen qarym-qatynasy manyzdy. Osy ruhanilylyq úghymnyng eki jaghy dualidylyqtyng qaynar kózin (geneziysin) zertteu qajet. Bizge belgilisi, monoteizmde, onyng ishinde, Islamda ruhanilylyq pen material­dylyq manyzy jaghynan teng emes. Ruhany jetiluding damuynan túratyn adam ómirining maqsaty Qasiyetti «Qúran» kitabynda, sonymen qatar basqa da Qasiyetti Kitaptarda anyqtalghan. Búl diny senimdegi túlghalardyng ruhany qajettiligine ómir maqsatynyng ústanymyn, al materialdyq baylyqtargha – osy jetistikterge jetu rólin beredi. Kez kelgen jýiening iyerarhiyasy boyynsha, maqsat oghan jetkizetin joldardan, manyzy jaghynan, biyik túrady. Ár zattyng orny bar emes pe? Búl keshendi taldaudyng aksiomasy.

Ruhanilyq pen materialdyq bastamalardyng ózara tartys dialektikasy, әsirese qazirgi kezde, kýrdeli jәne qúbylmaly. Ruhany qúndylyq pen materialdy baylyq dengeyining qúbylmalylyghynyng әdistemelik jәne tәjriybelik mәni zor, materialdyq baylyq sheksiz emes uaqytsha osy ómirding qyzyqtyrushysy, al ruhany qúndylyq ol sheksiz mәngilik, sondyqtan ony, yaghny damu ýderisin eskermeuge bolmaydy. «Garmoniya-disgarmoniya» dualidylyghy – barlyq dýniyenin, onyng ishinde ruhanilyq pen materialdylyqtyng ózgeruining tuyndysy, ruhanilyqtyng materialdyqtan nemese, materialdyqtyng ruhanilyqtan basymdylyghyn anyqtaudyng nәtiyjesi.

Ruhany negizde, adamdardyng sana-seziminde, sodan keyin ekonomikada (sana túrmysty anyqtaydy) әleumettik-ekonomikalyq Garmoniya jәne onyng zan­dary qalyptasady, sondyqtan jeke túlghalardyng sana-sezimderining shynayy ruhanigha jәne ónegelilikke qaray ózgerui óte joghary dәrejeli. Sanany Garmoniyalau – jeke túlghalardyng ekonomikalyq isterining bastamasy.    Búl әr elding ekonomikasynyng damu dengeyine jәne halqynyng túrmysyna, demografiya men demo­kra­tiyalyq jaghdayyna tәueldi emes. Garmoniyaly ekonomikanyng maqsaty – halyqtyng barlyq oryndy materialdyq qajettiligin qamtamasyz etu. Ekono­mikalyq jýiede ruhaniy-ónegeliligi, parasaty jәne mәdeniyeti joghary qyzmetkerler kóp bolghan sayyn, búl maqsat oidaghyday oryndalyp otyrady. Natiyjesinde qoghamdaghy jәne onyng ekonomikasyndaghy Garmoniyanyng qalyptasuy jedeldetiledi.
Disgarmoniya adamnyng jan dýniyesi kemelden­be­gen­dikten (parasattylyghy joghary bolsa da) tuady. Nәtiyjesinde adam ateist nemese agnost bolyp qalady. Jәne de keybir kezde dindarlar Dintútujarghysynan auytqyp, teris qylyqtar jasauy mýmkin. Osy dindarlar tәubasyna kelip, Jaratushydan keshirim súrap, Garmoniya әlemine qaytyp keledi.
«Garmoniya-disgarmoniya» dualidylyghy «Ruhanily-materialdy» dualidylyqpen basqa sebeppen de qa­byspaydy. Áleumettik Garmoniya ózining negizi – ruhaniy­lyqpen (demoetika) qatar qoghamnyng basqada óristerin (demografiya, demokratiya, demoekonomika) qamtidy. Sondyqtan, ózining mazmúny jaghynan ruhanilylyqtan әldeqayda ken, óitkeni Garmoniya materialdylyqty da qamtidy. Qarama-qayshylyqtardyng tartysy jәne túlghalar­dyng damuynyng natiyjesinde bastapqy «Ruhanily-materialdy» dualidylyq «Garmoniya-disgarmoniya» duali­dylyghyna jii auysyp otyrady. Sondyqtan da ekinshi úghym qúramy jaghynan kýrdelileu. Búny bilip jýrgenimiz abzal. Halyqqa keng taralghan «iygilik» pen «zúlymdyq» sózderi «Garmoniya» jәne «disgarmoniya» úghymyna tolyq sәikes kelmeydi. Sebebi shynayy senushi adamnyng iygiligi Garmoniyagha jatady, óitkeni ol ony Jaratushygha qúlshylyq etu ýshin jasaydy. Al, ateister men poliyteisterding jasaghan isteri Garmoniyagha jatpaydy, sebebi olardyng ruhany negizi joq, jaqsylyqty olar ózderi ýshin nemese basqalar ýshin ghana jasaydy. Birinshi jaghdaydaghy iygilikti is naghyz baqyt kózi, óte qúndy, sebebi ol Jaratushynyng razylyghyna jetkizetin tura jol ghoy. Oryndylyq, bir qalyptylyq, әdilettilik, adaldy­lyq jәne ashyqtylyq, adamnyng mindeti men qúqyghyn qúrmetteu, әlemdik sýiispenshilik, azamattardyng ózara senimdiligi jәne taghy basqa ruhaniy-ónegelilik qúndylyqtar Garmoniyagha degen әleumettik evolusiya­nyng mәnin, manyzyn qúraydy. Garmoniyagha jol ashylghan jerde kedergiler joyylady, qoghamnyng barlyq qorlary adamnyng iygiligi jәne qorshaghan ortany saqtau ýshin erekshe tiyimdilikpen júmsalady. Ysyrap, maqsatsyz shyghyn siyaqty teris is-әreketke tosqauyl qoyylady.
Bizding órkeniyetimizde bir asa manyzdy jayttyng bolyp jatqanyn, osyghan baylanysty qazirgi ómirge basqa kózqaraspen qarau kerek ekenin, menimshe, kóptegen adamdar qatty sezinude. Osy bir jana sezim, aldymyzda bolashaq ózgeristerding bolu mýmkindigi adamdardyng kóniline jana ýmit tudyrady.

Barlyghymyzgha anyq, kez kelgen qogham material­dyq baylyqpen, yryqsyz sezimmen, qalaumenen qú­ryla salmaydy. Adamzattyng ghúlamalary kópten beri jana dәuirding kelgenin aityp keledi. Jana dәuirding qaghidatty týrde jana adamgershilik ústanymy bolady, al ony iske qosu ýshin kompiuterlik programmadaghy siyaqty qúpiya belgisi (paroli) bolady, ol paroli «din» sózi bolyp sanalady.

Tarih ýiretkendey, Jalghyz Jaratushygha senushi­lik­ting joqtyghy, baylyqqa boyúsynu, jaramsyz niyetter, qúmarlyqqa salynu, zinaqorlyq t.b. jaysyz kórinister qaterli saldargha aparady. Búl jerde Jaratushygha senbegen Ad jәne Samud, Soddom jәne Gomoro siyaqty bay halyqtardyn, faraondardyn, taghy basqalardyng (búl jerde qalghan kóptegen mysaldardy aitpay-aq qoyayyn). joyylyp ketkeninen taghylym alu qajet. Osy halyqtardyng taghdyry bizding zamanymyzda qaytalanbaytynyna kim kepil bere alady? Qoghamda ruhaniy-ónegelilikting irgetasy joq jaghdayda joghary ekonomikalyq damu – uaqytsha aldamshy, eng bastysy ol túiyqqa, әri qúrdymgha aparatyn aldamshy jol. Osydan saq boluymyzdy tarih aityp túr emes pe? «Oyan qazaq!» demey-aq qoyayyn. Degenmen de, oilanayyqshy, aghayyn!

Dәuirimizding auysyp jatqany, adamdardyng qúndy­lyqtarynyng ózgerui, ruhaniyattyng qayta janaruy jó­ninde osy maqalanyng avtory biraz jyldar boyy aityp ta, jazyp ta keledi. Qazirgi tanda kóptegen adamdar ózining bolashaghyn, ómirining jol kórsetkishin Islammen baylanystyrady. Búl ýderiste shynayy ruhanilyq pen әdeptilikting róli kóterilip jatqanyna qóz júmyp otyra beruimizge bolmaydy. Din men ghylymnyng ara­syndaghy qazirgi qashyqtyqty jonggha talpynuymyz kerek. Mine, osy arqyly ghylymnyng jana zandaryn, tújyrymdaryn, janalyqtaryn ashugha bolady. Sodan keyin ghylymnyng osynday natiyjelerin iydeologiyada, sayasatta, tәrbiyede, bilimde, ekonomikada sanaly týrde paydalanugha bolady. Diny ilimdi (Islam doktrinasy) ghylymmen biriktiruding arqasynda avtor dualidylyq әlemdi janasha kóruge mýmkinshilik aldy jәne de Garmoniya әlemi men disgarmoniya әlemining zandaryn, әleumettik ekonomikanyng pardigmasyn ashty ( D+ 3D). Búl ghylymy janalyqtar әr elding Garmoniyagha baghytynyng bar ekenin de, joq ekenin de anyqtap beruge mýmkindik tudyryp berdi. Garmoniya baghyty – elding baqyty, al onyng joqtyghy elding qúrdymgha ketui.

Ruhany jәne ghylymy ilimning payymdauynsha, adamnyng barlyq oy órisi jeke túlghanyng sanaly niyeti retinde qalyptasady. Qazirgi teoriya ýzdiksiz qaytalanyp jatqan daghdarystardyng týpki sebebin ashpauda. Búl rette tek daghdarystyng saldarlaryna erekshe mәn berip, onyng eng birinshi týp núsqasy – ruhaniy-ónegelilik daghdarysty nazardan tys qaldyruda. Aurudyng tek syrtqy belgilerin (simptomdaryn) ghana emdep, onyng týpki sebebin anyqtap joymasa, adam mýldem jazylyp ketpeydi ghoy.
Qazirgi klassikalyq ekonomika ýlgisi, ókinishke oray, qalypty arnasynan tayghan әlem tәrtibine jana týrtki bolugha dәrmensizdik tanytyp otyr. Aleksandriyalyq mayak siyaqty, shynayy ruhaniy-ónegelilikke negizdelgen әleumettik-ekonomikalyq Garmoniya ilimi osynday kemshilikti joy ýshin bizge jol siltep sәulesin shashyp túrghanday. Basqa oryndy balama sózsiz joq.

Jogharyda aitylghanday qoghamdaghy eng joghary dәrejeli Garmoniya, búl әleumettik evolusiyanyng jýieli týrde jaqyndauy tiyis arman-múrat (iydeal). Ol qoghamgha dúrystalghan jol kórsetkish (kompas) siyaqty tura baghyt beredi, ýlken strategiyalyq qaterlerge jol bergizbeydi, keybir memleketterdegidey qúrdymgha ketuden saqtap qalady.
Jii qaytalanyp jatqan ekonomikalyq daghda­rystar, әleumettik jәne sayasy shiyelenister tipti bolyp jatqan tabighy kataklizmalar osy maqsatqa jetuding birden-bir qajet ekenin dәleldeydi. Bas­qasyn aitpaghanda, tek qana, qazirgi bolyp jatqan memeleketaralyq valutalyq qayshylyqtar kәsip­kerlikti, әsirese, orta jәne kishi kәsipkerlikti oisyratyp, teris әserin tiygizip jatyr.

Qoghamnyng dualidylyghy jeke túlghalardyng ekono­mikalyq is-әreketine, әleumettik Garmoniyanyng qalyp­tasuyna, onyng zandaryna óte qatty әser etedi.
Jogharydaghy aitylghan eki әlemning adamdarynyng múqtajdyqtarynyng kóbeyip, ósu zandylyqtary bar. 2014 jyly bizding institutta búryn-sondy әlem­ning ghylymyna belgisiz «Áleumettik – ekonomika Garmo­niyasynyng Zany» janalyghy ashyldy. Ol zannyng maghynasy mynada: jeke túlghanyn, әleuetting ruhany qa­jettilikteri oryndy materialdyq jәne materialdyq emes qajettilikterinen dominantty, basym týrde ósedi. Búl zang negizgi zang bolyp tabylady.

Áleumettik-ekonomikalyq Garmoniyanyng damuy ór­keniyetaralyq jәne memleketaralyq qarym-qaty­nas­tarda әriptestikti, qaqtyghystardy boldyrmaudy, sayasy qauipsizdikti nyghaytudy qamtidy. Qazaqstan Preziydentining jaqynda jariyalaghan bes reformalary bizding aityp otyrghan Garmoniyany damytugha dәl keledi.
Álemettik-ekonomikalyq Garmoniyanyng qalyp­ta­suy barlyq jaghdayda birqalyptylyq, oryndylyq, adaldyq, әdilettilik, ashyqtyq siyaqty týbegeyli qaghiy­dalargha negizdeledi. Garmoniya mәseleri jaqynda AQSh ta shyqqan «Harmony of Economy and Society The Paradigm of «D+3D», Laws and Problems» atty kitabymyzda tolyq bayandalady.
Jogharyda aitylghanday, qazirgi dәuirimizding erekshe­ligi týrli qarjy-ekonomikalyq, jalpy órkeniyettik daghda­rystardyn, iri tabighy kataklizmalardyng jәne kóptegen soghys qaqtyghystarynyng shekten tys shiye­lenisterding jiyi, әri qatarynan bolyp jatqa­nynynda. Olardyng odan ary jalghasa berui memleketterge, әlem órkeniyetine óte zor qauip tudyrady. Derekterge sýiensek, tek 1971 jyldan beri ghalamdyq ekonomikada 500-dey qarjylyq daghdarystar (bankterding kýireui, memeleketterding defolti, devalivasiya­lar, qor jәne ipoteka naryqtarynyng kýizelisi) bolypty. Múnday jaghdaylar tarihta búryn bolyp kórmegen. Olardyng qaynar kózi kóp túlghalardyng azghyndauynda, yaghny ruhaniy-ónegelilikke boyúsynbauynda. Keybir kәsipqoylardyng pikirlerindey emes, disgarmoniyagha beyimdelip qana qoymay, qayta onyng týpki sebebimen kýresu kajet. Mәsele ruhanisyzdyqty, әdepsizdikti barynsha tyi. Janúyalarda, mektepterde, joghary oqu oryndarynda tәrbie júmysynyng ózegi bolugha tiyis. Al, tәrbiyesiz bilim eldi qanaty synghan qústay úzaqqa aparmaydy. Óiitkeni, disgarmoniya azayyp, әlsirey beredi. Osyghan zor mәn beruimiz kerek. Ashyghyn aitsaq, shyndyqty moyyndaytyn kezeng tudy.
Pessimizm, sary uayymgha salynbay, optimizm túrghy­synan aitsaq, Garmoniya, bizding oiymyzsha, әri qaray adam­dardyng sana seziminde olardyng ekonomikalyq ómirinde damy beredi. Zamanymyzda, yaghny HHI ghasyrda bastalyp ketken ýderis osynday. Barsha adamzattyng ýmiti: «Garmoniya әlemdi saqtaydy!».

Oraz BAYMÚRATOV,
QR ÚGhA akademiygi, Qarjy-bank menedjmenti
ghylymy zertteu institutynyng diyrektory

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