(Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyn әdebiy-ghylymiy shygharmashylyghy turaly)

Alash arystarynyng ortasynda túl­ghasy tolyq, túrmany týgel, túighynday týlep, altyn ottay jaynaghan dauylpaz ýndi órshil aqyn, jalyndy kósemsózshi, san qyrly sarabdal sanatker, saliqaly qayratker, әmbebap bilimpaz Mirjaqyp Dulatúly túr edi.

1909 jyly "Oyan, qazaq!" dep qyran­sha qanat qaghyp, súnqarsha sanqyldap, qazaq júrtyna:

Kózindi ash, oyan, qazaq, kóter basty,

Ótkizbey qaranghyda beker jasty.

Er ketti, din nasharlap, hal harab1 bop,

Qazaghym, endi jatu jaramas-ty, -

dep aiqyn oishyldyq, kóregendik, suret­kerlik tegeurinmen dabyldata úrandat­qan-dy. Búl - bir tastýiin tolgham-tolghanys Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng ólsheusiz tarihy qyzmeti, darhandyqpen daryghan aqyndyghynyng asyl sipaty.

(Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyn әdebiy-ghylymiy shygharmashylyghy turaly)

Alash arystarynyng ortasynda túl­ghasy tolyq, túrmany týgel, túighynday týlep, altyn ottay jaynaghan dauylpaz ýndi órshil aqyn, jalyndy kósemsózshi, san qyrly sarabdal sanatker, saliqaly qayratker, әmbebap bilimpaz Mirjaqyp Dulatúly túr edi.

1909 jyly "Oyan, qazaq!" dep qyran­sha qanat qaghyp, súnqarsha sanqyldap, qazaq júrtyna:

Kózindi ash, oyan, qazaq, kóter basty,

Ótkizbey qaranghyda beker jasty.

Er ketti, din nasharlap, hal harab1 bop,

Qazaghym, endi jatu jaramas-ty, -

dep aiqyn oishyldyq, kóregendik, suret­kerlik tegeurinmen dabyldata úrandat­qan-dy. Búl - bir tastýiin tolgham-tolghanys Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng ólsheusiz tarihy qyzmeti, darhandyqpen daryghan aqyndyghynyng asyl sipaty.

Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng әdebiy-ghyly­my shygharmashylyq enbegi meylin­she kemel, baytaq, telegey. San aluan laghyl syrlarymen, týiindi tújyrym­darymen, oily-oyly oralymdarymen, ruh, til, sezim, kónil baylyghymen ózge­she­lenedi. Ol "Oyan, qazaq!" (Ufa, "Sharq" baspasy, 1909; Orynbor "Ua­qyt" baspasy, 1911), "Baqytsyz Jamal" (Qa­zan, Karimovtar baspasy, 1910), "Aza­mat" (Orynbor, 1913), "Esep qúra­ly" (Orynbor, 1914, 1922), "Terme" (Oryn­­bor, 1915), "Qiraghat kitaby" (Oryn­bor, 1916, 1923), "Qazaq tilinde basylghan kitaptardyng kórsetkishteri" (Qyzylorda, 1926-1927), "Qylmystyq isterdi jýrgizu zany" (Orynbor, 1924) deytin sýbeli, sýiekti shygharmalar tudyr­dy. Alash ardaqty­synyng buyrqan­ghan oiynan, ghúlamalyq zerdesinen, dana­lyq keudesinen tolqyn­dap tughan kósem­sóz­deri, әdebiy-kórkem syndary, zertte­me­leri "Serke", "Qazaq", "Birlik tuy", "Kedey sózi", "Aqjol", "Auyl tili", "En­bek­shi qazaq", "Auyl" gazetteri men "Ay­qap", "Qyzyl Qazaqstan" jurnal­darynda jaryq kórdi.

Kemel oily kemengerding últtyq ruh, memleketshildik-eldik sana, últtyq til, mәdeniyet, órkeniyet, ghylym, oqu-aghartu, óner-bilim, últ baspasózi, jurnalistika, sayasat, túlghatanu mәselelerine qatysty shalqyghan symbatty sara oi-pikirleri tәuelsizdik túsynda da ózektiligimen, kókeykestiligimen erekshelenedi. Jәne de intellektualdyq mәdeniyeti, oilau qabi­leti, kórkemdik dýniyetanymy asa joghary sanlaq әdeby janrlardyng gýldenip kórkengine keremet ýlgili ýles qosty.

Últynyng órkendeuine tileuqor, maqsatker Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng danqty "Oyan, qazaq!" kitabynda el men jer taghdyry, zamana, qogham qayshylyq­tary, ruhany súlulyq, oqu-aghartu mәse-le­leri turasyndaghy shamshyraqtay oi-tolghanystar shoghyrlanyp jinaqtalghan. "Oyan, qazaqtyn!" andatpasynda: "Qoy býitpelik, hәr halyqtyng kýshi hýner bolsa, hýnerge Allataghala qasynda hým­mә­timiz1 sayasynda biz qazaqtar da ortaq bolsaq kerek, sonyng ýshin músylmansha ghylym oqyp, dinimizdi tanyp, nadandar­dyng kózin qoyyp, kónilin ashyp, múnymen ahiyrettik paydamyzdy tabalyq. Ekinshi, dýniyemizde qajetti haqylary­myzdy alyp, jerimizdi, malymyzdy saqtau ýshin, basqalardan horlyq kórmes ýshin, oryssha oqyp hýnerli bolalyq" dep negizgi izgi oiyn bayqatady.

Ol "Qazaq halqynyng búrynghy hәm býgingi hali" deytin tolghauynda jalynday mazdap:

Boy tejep jýreksinu dúrys emes,

Shashylghan rizyqty jýrip tatpay, -

dep armandaydy. "Jiyrmasynshy gha­syr­­dyng jastaryna" algha arshyndy qa­dam basalyq, halyqqa qamqorlyq jasa­lyq, qazaqtyng búrynghy biylerindey "ór­nek shashalyq", "artyqtan taghylym alyp", ghibrat berelik, sóitip "qazaqty oyatalyq" dep berekeli kenes beredi.

Bas qosyp kirgizskiy intelliygent,

Bizderge halyqtyng qamyn oilau mindet.

Kulitura degen sózdi na praktiyke,

Etpeymiz ne sebepti osushestvlyati? -

dep, tastýiin tiyanaqty qúbylnamalyq oiyn mәlimdeydi.

"Hýnerin halyq faydasyna júmsap jýrgen oqyghandarymyzgha..." atty jyrynda ótkir zeyindi oi-parasat iyesi:

Qazaqty tórge sýirep bir jetkizshi,

Din, dýnie jemis bop tabystaryn, -

dep, úly dýbir sayysta "azuy alty qarys ai­daharmen" jekpe-jekte "qyran kózdi arys­­­tanynyn", "qamalgha qarsy shapqan qahar­manynyn" esesin jibermey olja­ly, "shabysynyng qayyrly" bolatynyna ýmittenedi.

Namystyng otyna kýiip-janyp, kýii­nish­ting uly zaharyn jútynyp, zaman zapy­ranyna jiyirkene túnshyghyp, torgha shyr­mal­ghan totyqústay shyryldap, qazaqtyng qasireti, mandayynyng sory, jer-suynan, ataqonysynan airyluy "Qazaqtyng jer­leri" atty óleninde aishyqty sipattalady.

Kir juyp, kindik kesken qayran jerler,

Mújyqqa, qosh aman bol, barasyng ba?

Qasiyetti babamyzdyng ziraty,

Qaldy ghoy kóshesining arasynda.

Monshagha zirattyng tasyn alyp,

Aghashyn otqa, mújyq, jaghasyng da.

Taba almay bir barghanda esh belgisin,

Kózden jas kóldey bolyp aghasyng da.

"Qazaq qazaq bolghaly meken etken" saltanatty ataqonysynnan, nu orman-toghayynnan, aidyn shalqar kólinnen, shýigindi órisinnen qapiyada airyldyn, qanatynnan qayryldyng deydi.. Aqynnyng qazaq jeri turaly oi-tolghanystary barsha shygharmashylyq múrasynda teren­dey týsedi. Kól-kósir kósemsózderining basty saryny, qúlaq kýii osy.

Qazaq halqynyng kýrdeli taghdyry, ruhany kýizelisi, ózekti órterlik yza-nalasy, naqaqtan tógilgen kóz jasy "Tarshylyq halimiz haqynda az minәjat", "Ýirengen halyqpyz ghoy kemshilikke", "Saylau haqynda", "Jesir daghualary1 haqynda" degen jyrlarynda bederlenedi.

Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng keng qúlash­ty aqyndyq serpinin, azamattyq túlghasyn, oishyldyq, syrshyldyq bolmysyn esiltip-tógiltip, jútyntyp jetkizetinin, kesek sóileytinin, ishki quatyn, ishki sarayyn, erekshe minezin tanytatyn tuyndysy - "Nasihat ghumumiya". Mirjaqyptanushy Júmaghaly Ysmaghúlovtyng kórsetuinshe, "negizgi aqyndyq kredosy, azamattyq platfor­masy bayandalghan poeziyalyq monolog­tar", "naqyl-nasihat, aqyl-parasat payymdary", "bir yrghaqta, bir ekpinmen, bir leppen shúbyrtpaly bir úiqasta bәiit ýlgisimen jazylghan deui", sóitip, kórkemdik sharttylyqtaryn naq-naghymen, taqta-taqtasymen tereng týsindi­rui oilandyrady, qyzyqtyrady.

Negizinde, mәndi oilar, ghibratty sóilemder, ónegeli tolghamdar jetkilikti.

Mysaly:

1. Hýnerpaz qara jerge salar qayyq,

Jihannan alar taghylym qanat jayyp.

2. Bilgenning jýrgen jeri bәri jaryq

3. Mayda bol jigit bolsan, tal jibektey,

Jaqsy emes qatty bolu tikenektey.

Estilerding talay-talay mәslihatynda aqyldy kenesterin, ataly sózderin kóki­regine toqyghan, últ tәrbiyesi men kór­kemdik tәjiriybesi kelisken, kó­meyinen syr saulaghan maytalman sóz zergerining naqyldary zattylyghymen, maghynaly­ghy­men, symbattylyghymen ózgeshelenedi.

a) Qyzdyrmaly qyzyl til,

Týbine jeter - sony bil!

Faydasy joq tiynday,

Sóz baylyghy dariya Nil.

ә) Tәniri jaqqan sham-shyraq,

Su qúisang qaytip sónedi?

Namystanyp orynsyz,

Abyroyyn pende tógedi.

b) Yqylassyz keybir nadandar,

Tasqa egin sebedi.

Aqymaqqa aitqan nasihat

Dәl osymen teng edi.

"Nasihat ghumumiya" tolghauynda músyl­manshylyq, týrikshildik saryndar kórinis tapqan.

Áueli ýirenetin bir ghylymyn,

Ózinning músylmansha din ghylymyn.

Sharttaryn islamnyng kәmil bilsen,

Ahiyrettik azyq berer shyn ghylymyn.

Ári qaray aqynnyng oiyn sabaqtas­tyryp jalghastyrsaq, sharighat qaghidat­taryn paryz sanau, әndetip, maqamdap oqu, Qúrandy qúrmetteu, joghary medresede bilimge qanyghu, sonan song oryssha oqu, paydaly tildi ýirenu kerek ekendigin yjdahatpen payymdaydy. Sonda "aqyly - dariya, kózi - ótkir, kónil - sheber" kisilikti, bilikti "syryng bir, qyryng segiz" shahbaz sanatyna qosylasyng deydi. Osynau oi-pikir saryndary "Qazaq halqyna diny bir uaghyz", "Mәsjid - medrese haqynda", "Tәrtipti medrese joq búl qazaqta" deytin jyr-tolghaularynda jalghasady.

Shyntuayttap kelgende, "Oyan, qazaq!" - últtyq poeziya tarihynda biregey qúbylys retinde qabyldanugha layyq. Búl - óz zamanynyng qaytalanbas sharay­nasy, últ ruhaniyatynyng algha ústaghan tútas bir baghyt-baghdary, belomyrtqasy. Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng janashyldyghy-nyng bir qyry - ghylymy poeziyanyng (nauchnaya poeziya) ýlgisin jasaghandyghyn­da. Ghylym, tehnika, óner janalyqta­rynyn, sonymen birge, termindik atau­lardyng qoldanys tabuy, ózi aitqanday, "ghylymmen hasyl1 bolghan nәrseler". Búl orayda "hýnermenen hasyl bolghan nәrseler" deytin jyrynda teleskop, telegraf, parohod, avtomobili, tele­gramm, telefon, vozdushnyy shar, mashiy­na, elektricheskiy, grammofon sekildi termindik úghymdar berilgen.

Biz daghy ghylym bilsek etpes pe edik,

Ilgeri ozghandargha jetpes pe edik.

Din, dýniyemiz tarshylyqtan azat bolyp,

Hýnerli halyq atanyp ketpes pe edik, - dep ýmit otyn mazdatyp, qiyal pyraghyna minedi.

"Oyan, qazaqta!" týrki júrtynyng bilimpazy "Ismaghúl Gasprinskiyding aitqan sózi" deytin maqalasynda tarihy tanymyn, últtyq oi-sanasyn әigileydi.

"Sóz aqyry" deytin týiin sózinde "za­mannyng kemshiligin aitqan", "millәtke jany ashyp, ghamyn oilaghan" danyshpandar Pushkiyn, Gogoli, Ler­montov, Krylov, Turgenev, Tolstoy­larmen tendes "ghajayyp hikmәtting kiltin ashqan" sheshen-kósemder, aqyn­dar Abay, Ahmet, Ábubәkir, Qypshaqbay, Aqmolla, Núrjan, Shóje, Orynbay, Mәshhýr Jýsipterdi ataydy.

Ilimdi-bilimdi Mirjaqyp Dulatúly últ tarihy men taghdyryndaghy týbirli mәselelerding mәnisin, tenizdey tereng syryn týp-tamyrynan qozghap-tolghap, sebep-saldaryn týbegeyli taldap-saralap sóileytindigi tanday qaqtyrady. Onyng sayasiy-әleumettik kózqarasy, tarihy jәne diniy-týrkilik dýniyetanymy "Oyan, qazaqta!" janartauday kýrkirep, sahara júrtyn kóshken tauday janghyrtsa, al "Azamat", "Terme" jinaqtarynda liy­riy­­ka­lyq poeziyanyng әsem ýlgileri bar eken. Jalyn atqan shandoz aqynnyng kórkemdik sheberligi, sóz saptau mәde­niye­ti, oishyl­dyq pen syrshyldyq kóri­nis­teri "Aytys" (Lermontovtan), "Taza bú­laq", "Gýl" (Pushkinnen), "Shaghym", "Súlu qyzgha", "Tagh­dyrdan súra, qas­kýnem" (Abu Firastan) tәrizdi ólen­derin­de jarqyn týrde shynayy surettelgen.

"Myng dildә bilimdining jalghyz sózi", dep ózi kestelep bergenindey, "Shaghym" ólenining bastamasyna jiti ýnileyik:

Men bitken oipang jerge alasa aghash,

Emespin jemisi kóp tamasha aghash.

Qalghansha jarty janqam men seniki, -

Paydalan sharuana jarasa, Alash!

Búl - balausa balghyn qasiyetke ie ýzdik lebiz. Asyl oidyng tóresi, zamanauy tilekting sәulesi. Kózi jana ashylghan búlaqtyng keypin elestetkendey. Jalqy tughan Mirjaqyptyng emes, Alash júrty­nyng mәngilik oi-múratynyng aighaghynday, boytúmarynday, dúgha-duaday qasiyetti, kiyeli sózindey ótkir qabyldanady. Terendigi men beyneliligi ýilesken "Aytys" óleni allegoriyalyq mazmúny­men erekshelense, "Taza búlaq" jyry ta­ghylymdyq, ósiyettik, ghibrattyq sipatta órnektelse, "Gýl" simvolikalyq-metaforalyq mәnerliligimen ózgeshe­lenedi. Biregey jyr mәtinderining ishki semantikalyq jәne kórkemdik-beynelik qyrlary meylinshe ólsheusiz.

Ghalamdyq dengeyge epostan epopeyagha sharyqtap damyghan qazaq últtyq prozasynyng ghajayyp jemisi úly suret­ker M.O.Áuezovting "Abay joly" roman-epopeyasy desek, qazaq romaniys­tikasy­nyng tarihy M.Dulatúlynyng "Baqytsyz Jamal" (1910) romanynan bastau alady. "Sóz basynda" "Maqsaty romannyng - halyq týzetpek" deydi de, Jamal arudyng taghdyryn jәne onyng kórgen jәbir-japasyn bilsin, sharighatta jazylghan "Qor etip әiel halqyn ayama­syn" degen qaghidany múqiyat eskersin, әdilettilikke jýginsin degen oilardy ditteydi.

"Baqytsyz Jamal" romanynda qazaq túrmysy, әleumettik jayy, otarlau saya­satyn jýrgizushilerdin, әperbaqandardyng әreketteri, bolys, bi, krestiyanskiy nachali­­niyk, strajniyk, poshtabaylardyng beynesi, tóre kýtuding mashaqattary, bolys saylau nanymdy suretteledi. Toqeterin aitqanda, "Baqytsyz Jamal" romanynyng kórkemdik sapasy, ishki qúrylymy, polifoniyalyq sipaty kónil audararlyq. IYdeya, keyipker, harakter, kompozisiya, stili, bayandau, suretteu tәsilderi jóninen ret-retimen kórsetil­gen, tabighilyqpen bayandalghan. Ómir, uaqyt shyndyghyn shynayy týsinui, adam­dardyng psihologiyasyn, minez-qyryn, qimyl-әreketin, kózqarasyn, sóileu mәnerin sheberlikpen somdaydy. Teginde, jazu mәdeniyeti men ónerining shyny - roman. Sondyqtan da ol osy­nau jana­shyl­dyghymen, izasharlyghymen qymbat!

Jazushynyng "Balqiya" atty tórt per­deli dramalyq shygharmasynda (1922) әiel tendigi, qyz taghdyry, qalynmal, ana tilimizde oqityn últ mektepteri mәselesi sóz bolady. Dramanyng kórkem­dik shart­tylyqtary saqtalghan. Keyip­kerler sózi naqty. Oqighanyng damuynda tabiy­ghilyq bar. Komediya, deklamasiya deytin ter­mindik úghymdardy pay­dalanghan.

Qazaq әdeby tilining baylyghy, negizgi sózdik qory, komediya, deklamasiya deytin termindik atau-úghymdar dúrys payda­lanylghan. Qazaqtyng bayyrghy tilinde amandasudyng "Armanyz" deytin týri bar. Ahmetjan múghalim Qúltasqa osylaysha til qatady. Sonymen qatar, osy úghymdy tereng týsindiru ýshin Qobylandynyng "Jetip keldim arma dep, aldymda kisi bar ma dep" degen ólenin mysalgha kel­tiredi. Sonday-aq múghalimning Qasymnyn: "Jer-suymyzdyng jaqsysyn alyp jatyr, ózimizdi tau-tasqa quyp jatyr", degen pikirinde әleumettik maghyna, zamanauy ashy shyndyq bar.

Búl últtyq dramaturgiyanyng qalyp­tasu, damu tarihyndaghy etek-jeni jinaqy, kerim kórkemdik mýlik.

Sóz zergerining "Aqyl men yrys", "Eki qyzdyng múny", "Qymbat tay", "Qyzyl qashar", "Kәken, Sәken", "Chiy­taiy, pisai", "Ýsh qúlaq", "Quanyshty kýn", "Tik baqaylar", "Sol qyzdyng atyn úmyttym", "Ishik qayyrly bolsyn" degen әngimelerinde qazaq qyzynyng bas bostandyghy, patshalyq apparat ókil­derining qazaq júrtyna jasaghan óktemdigi, pәleketi, alayaqtyghy, aramdyghy, raqym­syzdyghy, bir sózben qayyrghanda, qazaq auylynyng tynys-tirshiligi sonshalyqty nanymdy әri tartymdy suretteledi.

Ádebiyetting damuy, kemeldenui, baytaq óriske shyghuy, ruhany kenistigining keneyip kórkeyi - audarmashylyq ónerge de qatysty. Adamzat tarihyndaghy asyl oilar qazynasynan susyndau - últ ruhaniyatynyng órkendeuine jol ashu degen sóz. Endeshe, orys kórkem oiynyng kóshbastary A.S.Pushkinning myna bir ólenin audarma tarihy men teoriyasynyng jetik bilimdary, maytalman tәrjimashy Júmaghaly Ysmaghúlovtyng pikirine jýgine otyryp, bayandalyq. Úly aqynnyng "Vsegda tak budet, kak byvalo" degen bir shumaq ólenindegi "Uchenyh mnogo - umnyh malo, znakomyh tima - a druga net" deytin lebizin: "Ghalym kóp, aqyldy az bayqasanyz, Dosyng joq, tanysyng kóp sanaghanda", dep әri múntazday kelisti, әri maghynaly ghyp keremet jatyq jetkizgen.

Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng suretkerlik qoltanbasy, aqyndyq shabyty, kórkem­dik oilau jýiesi sýisindiredi. "Súlu qyzgha" degen ólenindegi "Mayysqan altyn aidar erkesisin, Oyanghan úiqysy­nan tabighattyn" deytin syr men suretke túnghan lebizi qanday! Sonday-aq "Ya, Alla", "Alashqa", "Elim-ay" atty ólenderi aqynnyng asyl maq­satyn, azamattyq túlghasyn, músylman­dyq kózqarasyn әigileydi.

Asyly, M.Dulatúlynyng poeziyalyq múrasy irgeli, derbes el bolugha, ózge­ler­men teng bolugha, "ghylym shәrbәtinen" yjdahatpen qorektenip, minsiz men­geruge, óner-bilim, aqyl-parasat biyigi­ne qyransha úmtylugha, "azudy qayrap, barmaqty shay­­nap" jýrgen kýnder ótti, endi "ghy­lym­dy izder, alysty kózder" uaqyt jetti, "ha­lyqty tura jolgha bas­talyq ta" degendi tәptishtep úghyndy­rady. Alash qayratker­lerining shoghyryn­daghy asqar tauday tiregi M.Dulatúly úlan baytaq kósemsózderinde otarlyq ezgining qamy­tyn kiygen qazaq halqynyng kórgen qor­lyghy, jer-suynyn, orman-toghayynyng kelimsekterding iyeligine kóshkeni, tas­bauyrlardyng tasshoqpary­nan zarlap-bozdaghany, el ishinde jala­qorlyq­tyn, para­qorlyqtyng órshigeni, mansap­qor­lyq­tyn, opasyzdyqtyng beleng alghany, tili­mizdin, dilimizdin, dinimizding nashar­laghany, mýshkil kýige týskeni, saghymday qúbylyp, sabynday búzylghan zamannyng keypi qandy qyzdyrarlyq, jandy tolqytar­lyq, әleumetti úiytar­lyq, oi-sanany silkindirerlik quatpen jazylghan. Búl rette "Bizding maqsaty­myz", "Apat tóngeli túr", "Gosudar­stven­­naya Duma hәm qazaq", "Jer mәse­lesi", "Jer audaru", "Qazaq jay­ly", "Zemstvo ne nәrse?", "Orynbor, sentyabri 14", "Bizding ister", "Alashqa", "Qaytsek júrt bolamyz?" jәne t.s.s. jaz­balarynda qazaq taghdyry tereng payym­dalghan. Mәselen, "sheneu­nikter, uryad­nikter kedey qazaqtardy úryp-soghyp, mal-mýlkin tartyp alyp, oiyna ne kelse sony istedi" ("Bizding maqsaty­myz", 1907). Jәne de dinimizge, әdet-ghúr­pymyzgha, diny kitaptarymyzgha jasaghan qiyanatyn tizbeleydi.

Jer men elding tarihyna jetik, bola­shaqty boljaghysh, kórgish M.Dulat­úlynyng "Jer mәselesi" (1911) deytin kósem­sózin­degi myna bir pikirding jany bar: "Qazaq jerining alaby keng bolsa da, paydagha ja­rar­lyghy az. Jalghyz Balqash kóli men Bet­paqtyng shól dalasy elu myng sharshy sha­qyrym oryn alyp jatyr. Búlardan basqa da taular, tastar, shólder, sorlar az ba?". Bir ghasyr búryn aitylghan osynau úly uayym әli kýngishe kókeykesti.

"Qazaq jas bala mysalynda. Jas balagha qaraushy, biyleushi qanday kerek bolsa, qazaqtyng da sonday biyleushisi, kózdeushileri dayar túrady. Bir kisining tizgini bireude bolyp, erki bolmau qanday kemshilik bolsa, bir taypa júrttyng óz erki ózinde bolmauy onan myng ese jaman", - dep tolghanady ("Zemstvo ne nәrse?", 1913 jyl). Patshalyq apparat­tyng ókilderi - oyaz, krestiyanskiy nachaliniyk, pristav sekildi tóreler qa­zaqty emin-erkin biylep-tósteydi, dәulet-sәuletinen aiyryp, qútyn qashyrady. Asharshylyq apaty, daghdarys, jantýr­shigerlik jәitter "Alash­qa" (1918), "El kýizeldi" (1921) maqala­laryn­da әserli bayandalady. "Yrghyz ýiezi­ning qazaqtary saryshúnaq tyshqandy jep jatyr. Kýzdigýni ólgen maldardyng ólekse­sin qar astynan qazyp alyp jatyr" dep súmdyq oqighalardy kýnirenip aitady ("El kýizeldi", 1921 jyl). Arqanyng jalpaq dala­syndaghy bes oblys (Aqmola, Semey, Torghay, Oral, Bókeylik) kóreshekti kórip, berekesi ketkenin tóbe qúiqasy shymyrlap otyryp jazady.

"Ruly eling qan jútyp túrghanda, sen may jútpa!" dep qyransha sanqyldap, úran tastaydy.

Últynyng esengin, kórkengin, baqytty keleshegin kesek, berekeli is-әreket­terimen, beyneli, tegeurindi ses sózimen, ruhany qúlshynystarymen, tenizdey tolqyghan tolghanystarymen ansaghan últ sanatkeri Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng abaqty ishinde, sot, tergeu isinde: "Osylardyng bәrin kórip, bilip, sezinip ósken bayghús basym ózimning taqyl-túqyl bilimimdi osynau qorlanghan, namysy taptalghan, mýsәpir bolghan halqyma baghyshtap, qol úshymdy beru perzenttik paryzym dep sanadym" degende (1929), artyqsha qayt­pas qaysarlyq, ózindik berik ústanym, ruhany kemeldilik, arystandyq minez bar.

"Ibrahim ibn Qúnanbaev" (1908), "Abay" (1914) atty maqalalarynda aqyn­nyng qazaq әdebiyetindegi ornyn, yaghny "Qa­zaq әdebiyetining atasy hәki­minde", "Ádebiyetimizding negizine qalan­ghan birinshi kirpishi - Abay sózi", "Qa­ranghy zamanda shyraq jaqqan bas­shymyz", "Birinshi aqynymyz" ekenin, sonymen birge, aqyn­dyq daralyghyn, intellektualdyq darhan jaratylysyn qadap aitady. Abay poetiy­kasy oy órisinin, parasat-payymynyng kendigi men kemeldigi naqty týiindelgen "Adam­zattyng bәrin sýy bauyrym dep" de­gen Abaydyng gumanizmi jayynda: "Adam­­shy­lyq oi-qiyaly óte taza, últ­jandy, elin-jerin sýigen kisi edi" - degeni tyng tújyrym retinde qabyldaugha bolady. HH ghasyr basynda M.Dulat­úly­nyng keltirgen әdebiy-mәdeny oi-tol­gham­dary Abaydyng shygharmashylyq ómirbaya­nyn zerdeleude belgili bir ról atqarady.

M.Dulatúly kósemsózderining taqy­ryptyq auqymy, oilau órisi, qiyal kenis­­tigi meylinshe ken. Búlargha terendik pen shynayylyq, tarihilyq pen derek­tilik tәn әri sóz qoldanu sheberligin ait­sanyz­­shy. Óri-qyry birdey bilim-ghylym­men múzday qarulanghan tabany jalpaq tarlan­boz til, mәdeniyet, ghylym, órke­niyet sa­baq­­tary jayynda "Til mәselesi", "Din jәne ghylym", "Ghylym tónkerisi", "Qazaq tilining múny", "Sana qayda?", "Ajaldan qút­qarghan qyzyl til", "Esperanto tili", "Sifr jazuy", "Qazaq teatrynyng jyl­dyq toyy", "Mәdeniyet tónkerisining min­­­det­teri men oqytushy", "Ay astynda eshnәrse basqarylmay túrmaq emes" (Nich­to ne novo pod lunoy), "Qazaq jay­ly" atty ghy­lymiy-publisistikalyq ma­qa­lala­rynda aluan-aluan oilar órbitedi. Áleu­metke oy tastaydy, júmyldyrady, úm­tyldyrady. Áleumet isin ózining mindeti sanaydy, ýlgi-ónege, órnek shashady.

Kenes zamanynyng ózinde "qazaq tili memlekettik til bolsyn degen zang shyq­ty" deydi 1926 jyly jariyalanghan "Qazaq tilining múny" maqalasynda. So­lay bolsa da últ tilining kósegesi kóger­megen-di. Qay­ghy-sher kernegen et jýregi ezilip: "Men za­manymda qanday edim? Men aqyn, sheshen, tilmar babalaryn­nyng búlbúlday sayraghan tili edim. Mól­dir suday taza edim. Jargha soqqan tol­qyn­day ekpindi edim. Men narkeskendey ótkir edim. Endi qan­daymyn? Kirlenip baramyn, bylghanyp baramyn. Jasydym, múqaldym. Men ne kórmedim?" Mineki, osy ýderis tipti te­ren­dep, HHI ghasyrdyng qaqpasyn óler­men­dikpen aiqara ashty. Sap tyiylar kýni bar ma eken dep alasúrasyn.

Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng kórsetuin­she, "ghylym men óner adam ýshin shyqqan", sol sebepti basqa júrttarmen ýzengi qaghystyru, iyq tenestiru bilim, ónermen iske asady. IYә, "óz isimizdi ózimiz istemey, ózgege sengendik" úpayy­myzdy týgeldey almauymyzdyng basty kiltipany. "Tirshilik - bәseke, jarys. Dýnie - bәige ýlestirushi" degen týiindi tújyrymy tereng oigha shomdyrady.

Jazu erejesi, tәrtibi, mәdeniyeti, til tazalyghy, bayandap oqytudyng mәnisi, dybys jýiesi, emle turasyndaghy ónikti, órkendi oi-tolghamdary zeyin audarmay qoymaydy.

"Erteden shapsa keshke ozghan, yldidan shapsa tóske ozghan" oiy úshqyr, tili út­qyr, qabyldauy ótkir M.Dulatúly "Ekin­shi fevrali" (1913 jyldyng 2 aqpany - "Qa­zaq" gazetining 1-shi nómiri shyqqan kýn), "Ayqap" jurnaly, "Gazeta "shóp je­mes", "Últ mәtbúghaty", "Baspa­sózimiz ne kýide?", "Baspasóz ýmesi", "Baspasóz qate­siz bolsyn!", "Gazet tili ondy bolsyn" deytin jariyalanym­darynda últ baspasózi men jurnalistiy­ka­synyng eng bir ózekti mәselelerin airyqsha әngimeleydi.

Darhan darynnyng taghy bir qyry - tarihshyldyghy. "Tarih - týzu jóndi ýiretushi", "týzushilikting kitaby, tirshilikting jolbasshysy", "halyq ózining shejiresin imany dәrejesinde úghyp biluge tiyis" deytin danalyq meruertteri Alash sanatkerining tarihiy-ghylymy tany­myn tanytady. Onyng "Qazaqtyng tariy­hy", "Qazaq-qyrghyzdyng ata tegi turaly" zert­teulerindegi ghylymiy-teoriyalyq oi­lary, tarihiy-mәdeny derekteri bir­sypyra beymәlim jaylardyng syryn úqtyratynday, "aqyl qanaghattanarlyq" dәrejede saralanghan. Mysaly, "Alash" úghymynyng tórkinine ýnilui qyzyqty.

Sonday-aq "Haziret Súltan", "Han Abylay", "Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәliy­han", "Abay", "Ismaghúl bek Gaspriyn­skiy", "Grigoriy Nikolaevich Pota­niyn", "Ábubәkir Ahmetjanúly Divaev", "Narimanúly Nariman", "Ahmet Baytursunovich Baytursunov" siyaqty tarihiy-ghylymy sipattaghy múralarynda shejirelik, mәdeniy-tarihy derekter, mәlimetter mol qamtylghan.

Halyq qyzmetkeri Mirjaqyp Dulat­úly: "Zaman talas-tartysqa ainaldy. Qara kýnin qayghyrmay qamsyz jatqan qazaq bolmasa, úshqan qús, jýgirgen annyng bәri de tirshilik jabdyghynda. Jaghalaspay, jarmaspay eshkim qatardan oryn bermeydi. Basqalarmen tizelesuge, tartysugha, ja­rysugha oqu-bilim kerek", - dep móldirete jazady "Oqushylargha jәrdem" oy tolgha­ghynda. "Jaqsylyqqa bastaytyn jaryq júl­dyz - oqu". "Qazaqqa oryssha, músyl­man­sha oqudyng ekeui de kerek. Birine artyqshylyq, biri­ne kemshilik beru qate" degen salmaqty, ardaqty pikiri dәuirnamalyq mәseleni aiqyn, tolyq týsinuge kómektesedi.

Eldi sәulelendiru, jan-jaqty ruhany tazalyqqa qol jetkizu, imany orta, dú­rys­tyqty qalyptastyru, izgilik-adamger­shilik qúndylyqtardy órkendetu, bilimdi-bilikti, kisilikti, iltipatty úrpaq tәrbiye­leu - M.Dulatúlynyng negizgi mú­ra­ty, asyl maqsaty. "Qazaqtyng qariya­larynyng aityp ketken sózine qaraghanda, - dep jazady, - tirshilikting qyzyghy adamzatqa jaqsylyq qylumenen bolyp kórinedi" ("Adamgha tirshilik ne ýshin kerek?").

Halyq isi, el iygiligi, últ taghdyry ýshin jaralghan "paydaly adamdargha" bergen anyqtamasy mynaday: "Aq jýrek taza bolsa. Júrtty iә satyp, iә aldap ketpeytin bolsa. Halyq ýshin erinbey qyzmet eterlik, eki talay jerde janyn qiyarlyq er jýrekti bolsa. Sayasat isine jetik bolsa. Bilimdi, sheshen, kósem, oqyghan bolsa. Halyqtyng qalpyna, saltyna, túrmysyna jete tanys bolsa" ("Uchrediytelinoe sobraniye").

Sayypqyrandyq bolmys, túighyndyq, súnqarlyq minez, úiymdastyrushylyq ónegesi kelisti kemel túlgha el ishindegi, adam boyyndaghy, qarym-qatynastaghy berekesizdikti, ishmerezdikti, jatypatar­lyqty, qúbaqandyqty, aryzqoylyqty, úrlyq-qarlyqty óltire sheneydi ("Jer audaru"). "Bireuding kórineu jauyzdyghyn ait­paudyng ózi jauyzdyq. Bireuding úrly­ghyn bile túryp aitpasan, sen ózing úry­syn. Bir júrttyng tútynyp kele jatqan qalpy-salty teris bolsa, ony kórsetu - sol júrttyng óz paydasy. ...Ziyandy adam­dardyng kóbengi arqyly júrt azady degen kózben qarau kerek" ("Bizding ister").

Mirjaqyp Dulatúlynyng taudan ýlken, tastay berik qayyrly, kemel isteri, irilikti, izgilikti, kósemdikti tany-tatyn múzjarghysh pikirleri memlekettik túrghydan oilaudan tuyndaydy. Son­dyqtan da onyng oi-pikirler jýiesi memleketting eng basty, eng negizgi qúramdas bólikteri 1) territoriyagha, 2) últtyq tilge, 3) últ tәuelsizdigine, 4) dinge, 5) qorghanys qabiletine qatysty.

Jinaqtap aitqanda, últ ruhaniyaty tarihynda Mirjaqyp Dulatúly qúbylysy airyqsha atalugha, sheksiz qúrmetke layyq. Ol aqyn, prozashy, dramashy, tarihshy, әdebiyet pen teatr synshysy, kósemsózshi, jurnalist, mәdeniyettanushy, aghartushy, әleumet­tanushy retinde oi-parasat kenistiginde jarqyn júldyzday jarqyray týspekshi.

Serik NEGIMOV, L.N.Gumiylev atyndaghy Euraziya últtyq uniyversiytetining professory, filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory.

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