Jýz jyl ómirining seksen besin ólenmen ótkizgen Jәkeng – eki gha¬syrdyng kuәsi ghana bolghan joq. Onyng jýz jylghy ómiri, shyndap kelgende, eki ghasyrgha teng edi. Óitkeni, Jambyl tarihta siyrek kezdesetin, mýlde qarama-qarsy eki zamandy kórdi, qayshylyqqa toly, kýngeyi men kólenkesi tepe-teng jaqsylyghy men jamandyghy qatarlas eki dәuirdi bastan keshti. Ol Qazaq handyghynyng joyylghanyn, elining otarlyqqa týskenin, qazaq dalasyna Reseyding әkimshil-otarshyl basqaru jýiesin ornatqanyn, sonymen qatar, kórshi jatqan Qoqan handyghy men qyrghyz manaptarynyng qazaq auylyna ja¬saghan jaugershiligin kórdi. Búlar ghana emes – Jambyldyng kórgeni. Ol óz jerine orys kazaktary men sharua¬larynyng qonystanyp, jergilikti mal baqqan qazaq júrtynyng shóldi aimaqqa quylghanynyng kuәsi boldy. Qazaqstanda kenes ókimetining ornauy, aq pen qyzyldardyng soghysy, ata¬mandar men komissarlardyng lany, kәmpeskeleuding zorlyqpen jýzege as¬qany, eng aqyry, “halyq jaulary¬nyn” ústaluy men jazalanuy, – bәri-bәri onyng kóz aldynda ótti. Sol sebepti, Jambyldyng “Keng jatqan baytaq-úlan shejiremin, tarihtyng dombyrasyn qolyna alghan”, – dep aituy tegin emes. Osy kórgeni men bil¬geni¬ning bәrin Jәkeng óz poeziya¬syna arqau etken, ony birde jyrau bolyp, birde jyrshy retinde, birde aqyn bolyp jyrlaghan, tolghaghan, surettegen.

Jýz jyl ómirining seksen besin ólenmen ótkizgen Jәkeng – eki gha¬syrdyng kuәsi ghana bolghan joq. Onyng jýz jylghy ómiri, shyndap kelgende, eki ghasyrgha teng edi. Óitkeni, Jambyl tarihta siyrek kezdesetin, mýlde qarama-qarsy eki zamandy kórdi, qayshylyqqa toly, kýngeyi men kólenkesi tepe-teng jaqsylyghy men jamandyghy qatarlas eki dәuirdi bastan keshti. Ol Qazaq handyghynyng joyylghanyn, elining otarlyqqa týskenin, qazaq dalasyna Reseyding әkimshil-otarshyl basqaru jýiesin ornatqanyn, sonymen qatar, kórshi jatqan Qoqan handyghy men qyrghyz manaptarynyng qazaq auylyna ja¬saghan jaugershiligin kórdi. Búlar ghana emes – Jambyldyng kórgeni. Ol óz jerine orys kazaktary men sharua¬larynyng qonystanyp, jergilikti mal baqqan qazaq júrtynyng shóldi aimaqqa quylghanynyng kuәsi boldy. Qazaqstanda kenes ókimetining ornauy, aq pen qyzyldardyng soghysy, ata¬mandar men komissarlardyng lany, kәmpeskeleuding zorlyqpen jýzege as¬qany, eng aqyry, “halyq jaulary¬nyn” ústaluy men jazalanuy, – bәri-bәri onyng kóz aldynda ótti. Sol sebepti, Jambyldyng “Keng jatqan baytaq-úlan shejiremin, tarihtyng dombyrasyn qolyna alghan”, – dep aituy tegin emes. Osy kórgeni men bil¬geni¬ning bәrin Jәkeng óz poeziya¬syna arqau etken, ony birde jyrau bolyp, birde jyrshy retinde, birde aqyn bolyp jyrlaghan, tolghaghan, surettegen.
Jambyldyng maytalman aqyn bolyp qalyptasuy tek Jetisu aqyndyq mektebining auqymynda bolghan joq. Ol ózine deyin ertede ómir sýrgen ataqty jyraulardyn, ózimen qatarlas aituly aqyndar men jyrshylardyng múrasyn, kýlli halyq poeziyasyn tolyq mengergen, iygergen, óz shygharmashylyghyna ózek etken.
Ilgeride Shóje, Balta zamanda
ótken,
Aseken, Búqar jyrau armanda
ótken.
Solardyng aruaghy maghan qonyp,
El múnyn jyrmen tolghap,
nóserletken,
– deydi Jәkenning ózi Dosmagham¬bet¬pen aitysqanda. Al, “Zamana aghymy” tolghauynda:
Zamana dep tolghanghan,
El qayghysyn qolgha alghan
Abylaydyng aldynda
Sóz sóilegen boljaudan
Búqar jyrau, o da ótti.
Sherniyaz ben Shortanbay,
Dosqoja men Nysanbay,
Dulat penen Sýiinbay –
Sózderi jel qúiynday,
Ótti enirep olar da! – dep, Jam¬byl aty atalghan jyraular men aqyn¬dardy, olardyng múrasyn jaqsy bile¬tinin, sóitip óz shygharmashylyghynyng qaynar kózi – qazaq halqynyng ejel¬den kele jatqan foliklory, әdebiyeti men mәdeniyeti ekenin bildiredi.
Sonymen birge Jambyl tuysqan qyrghyz elining de mәdeniyetin boyyna sinirgen. Qyrghyz jomoqshylary men manasshylary arasynda onyng dostary kóp bolghan, olarmen birge qyrghyz júrtyn kóp aralaghan, aiyldarda óleng aityp, jyr tolghaghan, kýy tartqan, aitysqa týsken. Ataqty Toqtoghúl, Múrataly, Álimqúl siyaqty óner sanylaqtarynyng Jambylgha degen yqylas-iltipaty, sonday-aq qyrghyzdyng Shәbden tәrizdi syily basshylaryna kórsetken qúrmeti kópshilikke ayan. Al, Jambyldyng “Ma¬nasty”, “Er Tóstikti” manasshy¬lardan kem jyrlamaghany taghy da belgili. Demek, Jambyldyng danghyl jyrau, talmas aitysker, maytalman aqyn bolyp ósuine qazaq pen qyrghyz halyqtarynyng mәdeny múrasy negiz bolghan. Osy túrghydan kelgende, biz Jambyldy halyq poeziyasy men iym¬pro¬vizatorlyq ónerding uniyversiy¬teti¬nen ótken deuimizge bolatyn tәrizdi. Áriyne, búl jerde Jambyldyng óz boyyna bitken úly daryndy aitpasqa bolmaydy. Ata-anasynan daryghan óner, óz tabighatyndaghy talant, halyq poeziyasy men auyz әdebiyetining dәstýri, mine, osynyng bәri qosyla kelip, úly jyrshyny dýniyege әkeldi, ony auyl aqynynan qazaq eline ghana emes, barsha әlemge әigili jyrau etti.
On bes jasynan óleng aita basta¬ghan Jambyldyng HH ghasyrgha deyingi shygharmalarynyng bas nysanasy – sol kezdegi qazaq auylynyng kýnde¬lik¬ti tirshiligi, jeke adamdardyng minez-qúlqy, bolys pen baylardyng is-әreketi... Ol shygharmalardyng deni – arnau men mysqyl ólender, aitystar. Búl tústa Jambyl shynshyl da, synshyl aqyn týrinde kórinedi. Onyng ózindik sebepteri bar edi. Jambyldyng ýlken aqyndyq ómiri HIH ghasyrdyng 70 jyldarynan bastalghan bolatyn. Búl qazaq qauymy ýshin auyr kezeng edi. 1860 jyldary Jetisu men Ontýstik Qazaqstandy jaulap alghan Resey endi qazaq elin basqarudyng jana amalyn tapqan-dy. Endi 1867-68 jylghy jana mizam negizinde Qa¬zaqstan ýlken 6 oblysqa, oblystaryn uezderge, uezder volostargha bólinip, qazaq saharasyna ishki Reseyding basqaru jýiesi otarshyldyq sipatta kóshirildi. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde qazaq eline orys memleketining burokrattyq apparaty tudyrghan kóptegen kelensiz qúbylystar men is-әreketter jayyl¬dy. Osynyng bәri eng aldymen halyq¬tyng ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan túrmys-saltyn búzdy, elding ishine iritki saldy, adamdardyng sanasy men minez-qúlqyn ózgertti. Sóitip, búryn estip-kórmegen úlyqqa jaghympazdyq, bolystyqqa talas, aghayyngha jala jabu, adamnyng ýstinen shaghym aitu, kisini aldau, ótirik aitu siyaqty jaghym¬syz qylyqtar payda boldy. Al, qazaq jerin bolys-bolysqa bólip, eldi jerge talastyru men maldan aiy¬r¬udyng saldarynan el arasynda barym¬ta etek aldy, barymtalyqty maldanghan aramtamaqtar, taghy basqa jalqaular payda boldy. Jerden, maldan aiyrylghan júrttyng túrmysy jýdep, ruhy jadap, el kýizeliske úshyrady. Bir jaghynan – otarshyl¬dyq sayasat, ekinshi jaghynan – qoqan men qyrghyzdyng jaulyghy, ýshinshi jaghynan – orys sheneunikterine arqa sýiegen bay-bolystardyng is-әreketi eldi azdyryp-tozdyra bastady. Osynday jaghdaydyng kuәgeri bolghan Jambyl shyndyqty aityp, el basshy¬lary men iygi jaqsylarynyng jaghymsyz qylyqtaryn synaydy. Sol kezde ómir sýrgen Dulat, Sýiinbay, Múrat, Shortan¬bay siyaqty kóptegen aqyndar da óz zamanynyng bolmysyn surettep, onyng jaraly problemalaryn ashyq aityp, ashy dauyspen jyrlady. Tek olar ghana emes, sonymen qatar jazba әdebiyetining ókilderi de dәuir sipaty men adamyn beynelep, realistik shygharmalar tudyrdy. Sondyq¬tan sol bir kezdi әngime etken auyz әde¬biyetining de, jazba әdebiyetining de taqy¬ryp¬tyq әri iydeyalyq úqsastyghy, jaqyn¬dyghy bar, olardyng mysqyldap, әjuala¬ghany da birynghay. Mysaly, Shaltabay bolystyng minez-qúlqyn Jambyl by¬laysha jyrlaydy:
Salqyn kelip ton-teris,
Syrtqa syzdap qaraysyn.
Senen basqa joq bolys, –
Dep ózindi sanaysyn...
“Shargha” týser shaghynda
Qara ter bop shabyldyn.

Elge sózing jetkenshe:
“Jamaghat!” – dep, jalyndyn.
Qol biylikke jetken son,
Salghyrttyqqa salyndyn...
Búl joldar Abaydyng “Kýlembaygha” bergen myna minezdemesin eske týsirmey me:
Bolys boldym, minekiy,
Bar malymdy shyghyndap.
Týiede qom, atta jal
Qalmady elge tyghyndap.
Sýitse daghy elimdi
Ústay almadym myghymdap.
Kýshtilerim sóz aitsa,
Bas iyzeymin shybyndap,
Álsizding sózin salghyrtsyp,
Shala úghamyn qyryndap...
Bolystyqqa talasqan adamnyng saylaugha deyin qanday әreket istegenin, al saylanyp alghannan keyin ózgerip ketkenin Abay da, Jambyl da ashyq aityp, bolys bolghan adamnyng ekijýzdi minezi men qylyghyn mineydi, onyng ekisózdiligin synaydy. Bolystyn, jalpy sol shaqtaghy el jaqsylarynyng tirshiligi men minez-qúlqynyng múnday boluy, әriyne, otarlyqqa týskendikting saldary edi. Olar qaladan kelgen sheneunikterding aldynda qúrday jorghalap, al auyldastaryna kisimsip, bәlsinip jýrudi ózine kýnkóristing tәsili etip alghan. Múny Jambyl bylay dep әngimeleydi:
Ýisin, Nayman sanlaghy,
Óstepkege jiyldyn...
Elde jýrgen egeyler
Qalada qúr ýiildin.
Úlyq kórseng úilyghyp,
Jeldi kýngi qamystay,
Japyrylyp iyildin...
Al, Abay mynanday suret beredi:
Mәz bolady bolysyn
Arqagha úlyq qaqqangha.
Sheltireytip orysyn
Shendi shekpen japqangha...
Mine, otar elding “iygi jaqsy” dep jýr¬genderining syiqy osy. Olar orys sheneu¬nigine jaghynyp, úlyqtan qorqyp jýrgen әlsiz, bishara jandar. Oyaz aldyndaghy olardyng ayanyshty hali Abaydy da, Jambyldy da múnaytady, yzalandyrady. Aqyndar bolystardyng múnday mýshkil¬digine “bek qorlanady”, “kýiinedi”, “namystanady”.
Osy shynshyldyq, әri synshyldyq qasiyetin Jambyl aqyndarmen aitysqan shaqta da saqtap, turashyldyghymen kórinedi. Jambyldy naghyz aqyn retinde elge tanytqan, onyng esimin býkil Jeti¬sugha, Qyrghyzstangha, Syr boyyna taratqan onyng sol tústaghy dýldýl aqyndarmen ai¬tystary. Aqyndarmen aitys Jambyldyng improvizatorlyq ónerin shyndady, aqyndyq sheberligin arttyrdy, azamattyq óresin ósirdi jәne onyng taqyryp ayasyn keneytti. Ýlken aitysqa týskenge sheyin auyl aqyny retinde ghana kórinip, kóbinese toy-tomalaqtarda óleng aityp nemese naqty bir oqighagha qatysty, yaky bolmasa belgili bir adamgha arnap óleng shygharyp jýrgen Jambyl endi aqyndyqtyng jana sýrleuine týsedi, sóitip, sapalyq ósuding jolyna bet búrady. Onyng aitystarynda qyz ben jigitting qayym aitysy da, týre aitys ta, sýre aitys ta kezdesedi. Osynyng qay-qaysysynda bolsa da Jambyl ózining naghyz kórkem de kesteli sózding sheberi ekenin kórsetedi.
Basqa aqyndargha qaraghanda Jambyl aitysty ózgeshe baghalaghan, ony tek qana kýnkóristing qúraly dep eseptemegen, son¬dyqtan ol rulyq qauymnan góri jeke bay¬lar¬dy joghary kórip, olardy maqtap, so¬largha jalbaqtaghan aqyndargha bar ashuyn tókken, olardyng madaqtaghan baylaryna el ardaqtaghan adamdardy, әsirese batyr¬lardy qarsy qoyghan. Osynyng arqasynda Jambyl aitysqa mýlde jana sipat berdi, tyng taqyryp engizdi, sony lep әkeldi, aitystyng ruhyn, mәn-mazmúnyn bayytty. Sóitip, ol eldikti, erlikti, elin, jerin qorghaghandardy dәriptedi desek, Jәkeng Qúlmambetke bylay deydi:
Eshnәrse qansha aitqanmen
ete almaysyn,
Búltaryp men túrghanda
kete almaysyn.
Adamdyqty ait, erlikti ait,
batyrlyqty ait,
El birligin saqtaghan tatulyqty ait.
Qarynbayday sarandar tolyp jatyr,
Ony maqtap әure bolmay, jónine qayt!

Jambyldy aitysqa múnday iydeya men ruh engizuge әkelgen – sol dәuirding bolmysy men Jambyldyng jyrshylyq óneri. Osy bir shaq turaly Jәkeng “Mening ómirim” degen tolghau-esteliginde bylay deydi:
“El jýdegen ýstine jýdey berdi, el menen jyr súraghanda, kepken botanyng túlybyna emirengen mayaday, batyrlardy jyrla deytin boldy. Men de júrttyng tilegine sәikes “Ótegen batyr”, “Sauryq batyr”, “Súranshy batyr”, “Kórúghly batyr”, “Alatay-Japarqúldyn” jyrla¬ryn aitatyn boldym. El esitkende yny¬ranyp jylaytyn, auru kórgendey bola¬tyn. Osynday eldi jaryqqa shygharatyn batyrlar da tuar-au әli desetin”.
Otarlyqta ezilgen halyqtyn, jadap-jýdegen elding qam kónilin Jәkeng jyrshy bolyp ta kóterip jýrgen. Osylay el tileui men qalauy boyynsha el namysyn jyrtqan, eldi qorghaghan batyrlar jayynda jyrlaghan Jambyl olardy ózining aitystarynda da madaqtap otyrady. Qarasay, Sauryq, Súranshy siyaqty tughan jerin qorghauda erlik kórsetip, anyzgha ainalyp, júrttyng maqtanyshy bolghan batyrlardyng jyrda әngimelenbeytin keybir qasiyetterin Jәkeng aitystarynda aityp, olardyng qaharmandyq beynesin bederley týsedi. Mәselen, Sarbaspen aitysqanda Jambyl Súranshyny bylay sipattaydy.
Súranshyday batyrdyn
Jan jýrmegen sheninen.
Almastan soqqan aq qylysh
Esh ketpegen belinen.
Ashulanghan kisige
Qabaghy jaman týksiygen.
Dosy qatty sýisingen.
Dúshpany jaman kýiingen.
Súranshyny kórgende
Auzyn eshkim ashpaghan,
Ayaghyn qadam baspaghan.
Qarsy kelgen kisini
Sýiretip jerge tastaghan.
Sabyrlyqpen is qylyp
Kóldeneng jatqan myltyqtan
Jan saughalap qashpaghan.
Búl kәdimgi epikalyq batyrdyng minez¬demesi, biraq odan aiyrmashylyghy da bar. Onyng ashulanghan sәtindegi týri batyrlyq epostan basqasha, sonday-aq múnda Súranshynyng minezi әdettegi jyr¬dan ózgesheleu sipattalady, onyng dosqa degen yqylasy, iltipaty qanshalyqty jyly, jaydary bolsa, dúshpangha degen qatynasy sonshalyqty qatal. “Súranshy batyr” dastanynda:
Meyirimdi tughan Súranshy
Elin sýigen jasynan,
Jetim menen jesirdi
Atyna artyp kóshirgen,
Eregisken jaularyn
Su qúighanday óshirgen,
– dep sipattalady.
Jalpy, Jambyl batyrlar turaly jyrlaghanda jay jyrshy bolyp qana kórinbeydi. Onyng aqyn ekeni múnda da aiqyn kórinip túrady. Jәkeng jyrlaghan “Ótegen batyr”, “Súranshy batyr”, “Kórúghly” dastandarynda ejelgi epostyq dәstýrding kóp belgilerimen birge biraz óz¬geshelikter bar. Ásirese, onday aiyrma¬shy¬lyq qaharmandardyng kýiingen sәtte¬rin berude, sonday-aq eposta mýlde joq tabighat suretterin beyneleude jәne eski batyrlar jyryna tәn keybir bayyrghy motivterdi týrlendirude kórinis beredi. Búl túrghydan kelgende, Jambyldyng jyr¬shylyq óneri arnayy qarastyrudy talap etedi. Óitkeni, Jәkeng – asqan sheber jyr¬shy, ol kisi jyrdy aitudyng ózin shyghar¬mashylyq dep týsinedi, yaghny Jәkeng belgili eposty jyrlaghan shaqta da iym¬provizasiya jasap otyrady. Búghan Jәkeng jyrlaghan “Ótegen batyrdyn” eki nús¬qasyn salystyru arqyly kóz jetkizuge bolady. Bir sujetke qúrylghan eki shy¬ghar¬ma bolyp shyqqan. Demek, Jambyl siyaq¬ty klassik jyrshylar eposty qúr jattap alyp aitpaydy, olar sujetti, oqighalar men adamdardy jadynda saqtaydy da, jyrlau barysynda óz erkinshe improviy¬zasiya jasaydy, al improvizasiya prosesi – shygharmashylyq prosess, onyng ózindik zandylyghy, әdis-tәsilderi bar. Jәkeng osynyng bәrin tolyq mengergen әri iyger¬gen, sóitip, ol improvizatorlyq ónerding biyik shynyna jetken.
Kemeline kelgen improvizatorlyq óner men boyyna tua bitken ghajayyp daryn, ózi jinaqtaghan zor ómirlik әri aqyn¬dyq tәjiriybe Jambyldy HH ghasyrda úly jyrau biyigine kóterdi. Ejelgi danyshpan jyraularsha Jambyl búl tústa memlekettik mәni bar mәselelerdi kóterip, qogham ómiri men el mýddesin jyrlaydy, zamana jayly tolghaydy. Sol ghasyrdyng 20 jyldarynan bastap, Jәkeng ózining búrynghy tirshiligi men kenes kezindegi ómiri jóninde, halyqtyng basynan ótken nebir qiyn-qystau kezender jayynda kóptegen tolghau aityp, óleng shygharady. Qart jyrau kóbinese ertedegi bolmysty surettep, kóne tariyhqa kóz jýgirtip, sol uaqyttaghy dalany sipattaydy, óz dәuirining asqarynan dana abyzsha zamana aghymyn sholady, mezgil men ómir turaly oilanady, solargha minezdeme beredi. Qazaq halqynyng sonau Shynghys han túsynan bastap talanghanyn aitady. Reseyge otar bolyp, ezilgen shaghyn beyneleydi, ony “súm zaman”, “súr zaman” dep atap, “búldyr kýn, qúrghyr kýn” dep sipattaydy. Resey imperiyasyna, orys patshasyna bodan bolghan elding hal-jaghdayyn Jәkeng óte dәl, әri naqtylap, detalidap әngimeleydi.
Jambyldyng ótken dәuir men keyingi zaman turaly tolghaulary – naghyz jyrau¬lyq poeziyanyng ozyq ýlgileri. Olardyng auqymy ken, oiy bay, tili shúrayly. 1930-1940 jyldar aralyghyndaghy Jambyl tolghaulary kóp jaghdayda kontrastqa qúrylghan, sondyqtan olarda, negizinen, bir-birine qarsy qoyylghan eki oppoziy¬siyalyq beyne basym bolyp keledi. Biri – “súr zaman”, “súm zaman”, sary sahara, qu dala, óli nemese ólige jaqyn dýniye. Osyghan sәikes ol zamannyng adamdary da – kóbinese zalymdar, momyndy zar jy¬lat¬qan әkimder, kedeydi qan qaqsatyp, qiy¬na¬ghan bolystar, qazaqty janshyghan zor¬lyq¬shyl orys patshasy, Qoqan datqasy bolyp suretteledi. “Biri kýlip, myny jy¬lap jýrgen” búl qoghamdaghy eng bishara adam kedey. Jarlylardyng qatarynda aqyn¬nyng ózi de bar, biraq ol ózin qor¬ghan¬syz sezinbeydi. Jambyl Jaratushy¬nyng ózine darytqan ónerine, ólenine, jyryna senedi, uytty sózine arqa sýiey¬di, sol arqyly aibat shegedi, aibar kórsetedi “Sózim – jalyn, dombyram – nayza”, – deydi Jәken. Sol sebepti de ol tipti kenes ókimetining belsendilerinen qaymyqpay, betterine 1921 jyly bylay dep aityp salady:
Janym barda keudemde,
Senderden kem bolmaymyn.
Dýrildetip jer-jerde
Ólen-jyrdy tolghaymyn.
Dombyragha qol soghyp,
Iyghymdy qomdaymyn.
Tek kezdesip qalmandar
Ynghayyna sondaydyn.
Búrynghy zaman men keyingi dәuirdi qarsy qoya aitqanda Jәkeng óz dәuirin “núr zaman”, “altyn zaman” dep atap, kolhoz ben óndiris enbekkerlerin baqytty adamdar etip beyneleydi.
Kenestik Qazaqstandy shalqy jyrlap, “Asan qayghy, Jiyrenshe arman etken ólgenshe “Jerúiyq atty jer – osy”, – deydi Jambyl, óitkeni, ómirde bolyp jat¬qan ózgeristerdi, elding jarqyn bola¬shaqqa sengenin, soghan jetemiz dep úmtyla enbek etkenin, sonyng arqasynda qazaqtyng týgeldey otyryqshylyqqa kóshkenin, auyl¬darda mektepter, klubtar, kitaphana¬lar salynghanyn, óndiris mekemelerining óskenin kózimen kórdi. Sonymen birge Jambyldyng óz túrmysy da ózgerip, ózining ruhy da kóterilip, aqyndyq shabyty qayta týlegen edi. Mәselen, “Taghy bitti jana kýsh” atty óleninde aqyn osyny ashyq aitady. Ol poeziyada ejelden kele jatqan tabighatqa, taugha, qúsqa, angha qarata sóileu әdisin paydalanyp, ózining sózin Maytóbege arnay otyryp, búrynghy patshalyq Reseyding otaryna týsken zamandaghy Maytóbenin, әri ózining hal-jaghdayyn әserley, boyauyn aishyqtay suretteydi, taumen múndasady, sodan song dereu kenes túsyndaghy Maytóbeni, onyng bauyryndaghy berekeli tirshilikti, ózining ózgergen ómirin masattana jyrlaydy.
Sóz orayy kelgende aita ketu kerek, qazir Jambyldy ómirdi birjaqty suret¬tedi, kenes ókimetining jaqsy jaghyn ghana jyrlap, onyng kemshilikterin aitpady dep kinәlau әdildik bolmas edi. Oghan birneshe sebep bar. Eng aldymen aitatyn nәrse, Jambyl bolmysty birjaqty surettegen joq, búghan onyng kenes ókimetine deyingi jәne kenes ókimetining alghashqy jyl¬daryn¬daghy shygharmalary dәlel. Ekinshi – bolisheviktik partiya bar biylikti qolyna alghan song býkil mәdeniyetti, әdebiyet pen ónerdi ózining resmy iydeologiyasynyng qúralyna, tipti onyng bir bólshegine ainaldyrdy, sóitip kórkem óner men әdebiyetti týgelimen partiyagha, onyng kósemderine, memleketke baghynyshty etti, olargha qyzmet etkizdi. Múnday sayasatty partiya men ókimet әdebiyet pen óner qayratkerlerine arnap, aluan týrli shygharmashylyq odaqtar qúru arqyly jýzege asyrdy. Ol odaqtar, týptep kel¬gen¬de, memleket pen partiyanyng bir qú¬ramy¬na ainalyp, olardyng resmy iydeo¬lo¬giyasyn barynsha dәriptep, jýzege asyryp baqty. Partiyanyng әrbir sezi men plenumdarynyng sheshimderin el sanasyna siniru ýshin odaqtardyng mýsheleri par¬tiyanyng shtattaghy funksioner-qyzmetkeri siyaqty el ishine shyghyp, nasihattap jýrdi. Jazushylar men aqyndar tipti ózderin “partiyanyng soldatymyz” dep atap, partiyagha, memleketke, resmy iydeo¬lo¬giyagha qyzmet etudi ózderine ýlken senim, zor qúrmet dep bildi. Múnday jaghday, sóz joq, bolisheviktik partiyanyng әdebiyet pen ónerden tek tapshyldyqty talap etui men kórkem óner qayrat¬ker¬lerin, ziyaly qauymdy qatang iydeolo¬giya¬lyq qyspaqqa aluynyng saldary edi. Onyng ýstine partiya men memleketting resmy iydeologiyasynyng bas kómekshisi—aqparat qúraldarynyng bolisheviktik ýgit-nasihat júmysy da óz nysanasyna dóp tiyip jatty.
Bir ghana taptyq-partiyalyq iydeologiya men bir ghana markstik-lenindik metodo¬lo¬giya ornyqqan qoghamda jeke adamnyng ózindik kózqarasy, dýniyetanymy bolma¬dy, pluralizm degen týsinik ómirden ghay¬yp boldy. Mine, osynyng bәri birige ke¬lip, әdebiyet pen óner adamdaryn, ziya¬ly¬lardy ótirik-shyny aralas etip, par¬tiyany, kenes ókimetin, kósemderdi jappay madaqtaugha mәjbýr etti. Solardyng ishinde Jambyl da boldy. Ózi hat tanymaytyn әri jasy 90-nan asqan qart aqyn, bir jaghynan, ómirde bolyp jatqan ózgeris¬ter¬di kórip, eski men janany salys¬tyryp, dýniyening ózgeretinine ýmittengen, ekinshi jaghynan, bolisheviktik ýgit-nasihatqa da sengen; ýshinshi jaghynan, resmy oryndar men Jazushylar odaghy¬nyng aqyndy, daryny men danqyn pay¬dalanu ýshin onyng jeke basyna, ýi-ishine jasaghan qamqorlyqty ókimet pen par¬tiyanyng ónerge, әdebiyetke degen qamqory, iltipaty dep qabyldaghan, soghan ilanghan. Sóitip, Jәken, sol kezdegi milliondaghan qarapayym adamdar tәrizdi, kenes ókimeti men bolishevikter partiyasyna sengen, olardyng ýgit-nasihatyna nanghan, iydeologiyasy men sayasatyn tolyq maqúldaghan. Óte kýshti әri pәrmendi jýrgizilgen iydeologiyalyq júmystyng nәtiyjesinde adamdar ózin memlekettik isti basqarugha tikeley qatysym bar, sondyqtan men jeke basymnan góri qogham mýddesin joghary qoyyp, memleketke, partiyagha adal enbek etuim kerek dep eseptegen. Osynday illuziyagha sengen qayratkerlerding biri – Jambyl.
Halyqqa qyzmet etu, elding qamyn oilau, Otandy qorghau, qajet bolsa janyn pida etu – iydealdyng isi, ejelden kele jatqan arman. Osy iydeya Jambyldyng HIH ghasyrdaghy aitystary men dastandarynda madaqtalghan bolatyn, oghan Úly Otan soghysy kezinde kýlli shygharmashylyghyn arnaydy. Aqynnyng tek soghys uaqytyn¬daghy shygharmalary ghana emes, kenes túsyndaghy poeziyasy, negizinen, er el ýshin ómir sýrui kerek, adam qoghamgha qyz¬met etuge tiyis, yaghny qogham men memleket mýddesi jeke bastyng maqsatynan joghary boluy qajet degen iydeyagha sayady. Búl zandy edi. Sebebi, bar biylikti qolyna alghan bolishevikter partiyasynyng basty prinsiypi osy boldy da, iydeologiyany, onyng bir salasyna ainalghan әdebiyet pen ónerdi, qoghamdyq ghylymdy soghan qyzmet etkizdi, sol arqyly adam sanasyna әser etip, búqara halyqty osy túrghyda oilaugha beyimdedi.
Jambyldy, onyng shygharmashylyghyn janasha taldap, jana túrghyda baghalau ýshin osy aitylghandardy týgel eskermeske bolmaydy. HH ghasyrdaghy qazaq poeziya¬synda jalpy memlekettik mәni bar mә¬selelerge “әleumettik talap” (“sosiali¬nyy zakaz”) týrinde bolsa da jedel әri zor jyraulyq quatpen alghash tolghaghan jәne sol arqyly ózin de, qazaq júrtyn da barsha jahangha jariya etken – Jam¬byl. Ol bayyrghy úly jyraulardyng dәs¬tý¬rin qayta týletip, bizding dәuirimizge jana sapada, sony mazmúngha bayytyp jetkizdi. Asan Qayghy, Shalkiyiz, Jiyembet, Ýmbetey, Búqar siyaqty Jambyl da jalpy memlekettik mәseleler jayynda tolghau¬laryn qalyng júrtshylyq aldynda, mem¬leket basshysyna, partiya kósemderining ózine qarata jyrlady. Kremlide ótetin KSRO Jogharghy Kenes sessiyasynda qazaqtan Jambyldan basqa birde-bir aqyn jyrlaghan emes. Jambyldyng Kavkazda, Gruziya jazushylary odaghynyng plenu¬myn¬da, Mәskeude KSRO jazushylary men óner, memleket qayratkerleri aldynda, sonday-aq Qazaqstandaghy kóptegen saltanatty jiyndarda ólen-jyrlarmen tolghaghany da әr aqynnyng mandayyna jazylmaghan. Otan soghysy jyldarynda Ukrainany, Mәskeudi, Kavkazdy, Voronej¬di, Leningradty qorghaushylargha arnap, olardyng ruhyn kótere, erlikke shaqyra jyr tógu de jyraular ýlgisi. Múnyng bәri jyraulyqtyng syrtqy, kózge úratyn belgileri, al onyng ishki, ruhany erekshelikteri Jәkenning poeziyasynda taghy da aiqyn kórinedi. Jambyl, ejelgi jyraularsha, zamana turaly tolghap, dәuirge sipattama beredi, ótip jatqan oqigha-qúbylystargha óz baghasyn beredi. Sonymen qatar, Jәkeng tolghaularynda jyraugha tәn naqyldyq, aforizmdik sipat bar, oishyldyqtyng abyzdyq núsqalary kezdesedi, sóz ónerinin, júrt aldynda aitylghan tolghaudyng erekshe qúdiretine degen qúrmet te bayqalady... Mәselen, myna bir shumaqtargha kónil bóleyik:
Jerding shelin sel juar,
Elding kegin er juar.
Dauyl túrsa búlt quar,
Jerdegi jaudy júrt quar...
Nemese:
Jaudan kýtu jaqsylyq –
Zaryqqannyng saldary.
Baydan kýtu jaqsylyq –
Taryqqanyng saldary.
Múnday jyraulyq ýlgide aityl¬ghan naqyl sózder Jambyl poeziya¬syn¬da aitarlyqtay kóp. Olar aqyn¬nyng әrtýrli shygharmalarynda qúm¬daghy shashyrap jatqan altyn týiirler tәrizdi jyltyrap kórinedi, kóre-tere bilgen kisige zor qazyna, taghylymy mol ruhany baylyq. Ózining qúrylymy men oilylyghy jaghynan búl shumaqtar kәdimgi Asan Qayghynyn, Búqardyng tolghaularyna úqsas. Múnda ghasyrlar boyy jinaqtalghan ómirlik tәjiriybeni qorytyp, sonyng negizinde aitylghan oilar eskirmeytin qanatty sózge, maqalgha ainalyp ketken. Jambyldyng osy tektes tolghaularynyng basty ta¬qyryby – adam, qogham, ómir, zaman, al mazmúny – solardyng sipaty, sipattau tәsilderi – әr aluan teneu, metafora, antiyteza, shendestiru, minezdeu. Múnday naqylgha ainalyp ketken tolghaularda Jәkeng ómirden týigeni men toqyghany kóp dana retinde kórinip, mәni-maghynasy biyik te tereng mәselelerdi qamtidy. Atap aitar bolsaq, mynaday: kemel túlgha men tobyr (“Tamam qargha jiylsa, bir súnqargha jetpeydi”), adamnyng bas bostandyghy (“Dýniyening kendigi – jýrgeninde basyng bos”), imandylyq pen qayyrymdylyq (“Qylghan qayyr bolmasa, Ne әketesing ómirden”), adamnyng túraqsyzdyghy (“Jan qysylsa, belgili, Taba almaysyng jaqyn dos”), ómirding ótkinshiligi (“Oy-hoy, dýnie seruen, Adam – bir kóshken keruen”), zamannyng qatygezdigi (“Qaytip janyng ashymas, Netken zaman qatybas?”) t.t. Jәkenning búl tújyrymdary, bir jaghynan, ejelgi jyraular sózin eske týsirse, ekinshi jaghynan, ózining zamandasy, qúrdasy úly Abaydyng keybir oilarymen ýndes. Múny biz eki aqynnyng zaman men adam turaly aitqan myna bir sózderinen bayqauymyzgha da bolady. Jambyl bylay deydi:
Zaman, zaman – degende,
Zamangha qoja – adam ghoy!
Narazy bolsang zamangha,
Bar kinәni soghan qoy!
Abay jazady:
Árkimdi zaman sýiremek,
Zamandy qay jan biylemek?
Zamangha jaman kýilemek,
Zamana ony iylemek.
Qazaq әdebiyetining eki ýlken salasy – auyz әdebiyeti men jazba әdebiyetining úly eki ókili bir oidy eki tәsilmen, eki ýlgide aityp otyr. Jambyl – bayyrghy abyz-jyraushylarsha da, Abay – oishyl filosoftarsha. Ekeuining de aityp otyrghany – adam zaman aghymyna jýre bermeuge tiyis, ózining jaghymsyz is-әreketin zamangha jappauy kerek, әr hareketine ózi jauap bere biluge mindetti. Onday bolmaghan jaghdayda adam ózin adam retinde sezine almaydy, ony zaman iylep tastaydy. Nashar adam uaqytqa beyimdelip, býgin istegen kelensiz qylyghyn erteng mezgil solay boldy dep, zamangha kinә taghyp jýredi. Al, naghyz adam, kemel túlgha zamangha kýilemeydi, onyng qojasy bolady, ony ózi biyleydi. Adam osynday bolu kerek degen oidy aitady aqyndar. Sóitip, olar adam jәne zaman, túlgha jәne tobyr degen mәselege óz túrghylarynan kelip, ekeui de adam óz taghdyrynyng iyesi, óz isine ózi jauapty degen tújyrym jasaydy. Ras, túlgha, kemel adam turaly olardyng týsinik payymy úqsas bolghanymen, birdey emes. Abay tolymdy adam dep, ol turaly ózining jýieli konsepsiyasyn jasasa, Jambyl naghyz adam dep el ýshin eniregen halyqtyq iydealdy esepteydi jәne ony jyraularsha sipattaydy:
Asqaqtaghan adamda toba bolmas,
El qorghaghan adamda mola bolmas.
Elden tuyp, er bolsan, elge qara,
Shirik quray auylgha qora bolmas!
Jambyl shygharmashylyghynda onyng óner turaly, aqyndyq shabyt jayynda, poeziyanyng maqsat-mindeti jóninde aitqan tolghau-ólenderi – jeke bir sala. Ol jyrlarynda Jәkeng óleng qanday boluy kerek, aqyn neni tolghaugha tiyis, qalay jyrlaugha mindetti ekenin órnektep, sәnin keltire, beyneli týrde bayandaydy. Birde jyraularsha tókpelep tolghansa, endi birde aqyndarsha aishyqtap aitady. Óner turaly birde arnayy óleng shygharsa, birde jyr-dastandarynda tolghaydy. Sonyng bәrinde sóz qadirin biletin júrt pen aqyndyq tudy joghary ústaghan, talanty men shabytyn halyqty jyrlaugha arnaghan dýldýl sóz zergerlerining bir-birine baylanysty ekenin eskertip otyrady:
Aqyn degen – bir búlaq,
Kómiler kózin ashpasa.
Kózin ashar kópshilik
Sýisine tyndap, qoshtasa.
Altyn sóz de – as bolmas
Eleusiz jerge tastasa.
Poeziyanyng qúdiretin talay ret óz kózimen kórgen Jambyl bylay deydi:
Jyryndy, dosyng bolsa, kýldirip ait,
Jau bolsa, jau tiygendey býldirip ait!
Jyr degen – bireuge oq, bireuge – bal,
Dәl tiygen oq berendey júldyryp ait!
Jýz jyl ómirining seksen besin ólenmen ótkizgen Jәkeng aitysqanda da, arnau jyrlarynda da, dastan¬darynda da osy túrghydan ainyghan emes, sol sebepti de ol el yqylasyna bólendi, jana zamanda janasha týrlendi. Jambyl poeziyasy ómir¬shendigining de, aqyn esimining el jadynan óshpeytindigining de syry osynda. Jambyl – kóp ghasyrdan beri jasap, damyp kele jatqan qazaq auyz әdebiyetining eng biyik shoqtyghy. Ony HH ghasyrdyng jyrauy dep aituy¬myzdyng da sebebi osy, ol bizge osysymen qymbat.

Avtory: Seyit QASQABASOV.