Sәken Bozaev. Jasandylyghy men jalghandyghy joq shan-tozansyz әlem
«Adam - júmbaqtar әlemi. Kimde -kim sol júmbaqtar әlemi qúpiyasyn sheshkisi kelip uaqyt júmsasa, ómirin bosqa ótkizbegeni». / F.Dostaevskiy/. Bala tәrbiyesi sol júmbaqtar әlemine jatatyn ómir filosofiyasy. Qogham men sayasat ózgerip, әr kezeng óz talaptaryn úsynghanymen, adamzattyng úrpaq tәrbiyeleu ústanymdary óz arnasyn joghaltpaq emes.
Qazirgi kezende adamnan adam jasau kerek pe, әlde maman jasau kerek pe degen problema ózinen - ózi súranyp túrghany belgili.. Balalardy qalyptasyp qalghan oryndaushylyq pen tútynushylyqqa beyimdeu baghdarymyzgha ózgeris engizu uaqyt talaby. Balalar әlemining tabighy zandaryn eskere otyryp, әleumettik ortanyng jana sipatyna sәikestirilgen tәrbie beru amaldaryn janartudy ómirding ózi úsynyp otyr. Tәrbie mәdeniyeti men balalar әleminin bolmysyn týsingen, bala fiziologiyasy men psihologiyasyn, dene, aqyl-oy damuy mýmkindikterin ashu amaldaryn mengergen ata-analar júrtshylyghy men kәsiby tәrbiyeshilerge súranys tuyndauda.
«Adam - júmbaqtar әlemi. Kimde -kim sol júmbaqtar әlemi qúpiyasyn sheshkisi kelip uaqyt júmsasa, ómirin bosqa ótkizbegeni». / F.Dostaevskiy/. Bala tәrbiyesi sol júmbaqtar әlemine jatatyn ómir filosofiyasy. Qogham men sayasat ózgerip, әr kezeng óz talaptaryn úsynghanymen, adamzattyng úrpaq tәrbiyeleu ústanymdary óz arnasyn joghaltpaq emes.
Qazirgi kezende adamnan adam jasau kerek pe, әlde maman jasau kerek pe degen problema ózinen - ózi súranyp túrghany belgili.. Balalardy qalyptasyp qalghan oryndaushylyq pen tútynushylyqqa beyimdeu baghdarymyzgha ózgeris engizu uaqyt talaby. Balalar әlemining tabighy zandaryn eskere otyryp, әleumettik ortanyng jana sipatyna sәikestirilgen tәrbie beru amaldaryn janartudy ómirding ózi úsynyp otyr. Tәrbie mәdeniyeti men balalar әleminin bolmysyn týsingen, bala fiziologiyasy men psihologiyasyn, dene, aqyl-oy damuy mýmkindikterin ashu amaldaryn mengergen ata-analar júrtshylyghy men kәsiby tәrbiyeshilerge súranys tuyndauda.
Tәrbiyening basty ústanymy - dayyn sheshimderdi oryndau daghdylaryn qalyptastyru emes, óz aqylymen ómir sýre biluge ýiretu. Bala da eresekter úsynghan talaptar ishinen ózine qajettini, ózine týsiniktini qabyldaytynyn aqyl iyesi . Balalar әlemi - pedagogika ghylymyndaghy basty mәsele. Pedagogika klassikteri dәleldegenindey, balalyq degenimiz - ony ómirge dayyndau kezeni ghana emes, sol ómirding ózi. Balalardyng óz tabighaty, óz ortasy bar. Olar óz dәuiri men uaqytqa úqsas bolyp ósude.. Sondyqtan da tәrbiyening әrkimning qalauyna kóne bermeytin obiektivti prosess retinde kórinetin jaqtary eskerilui kerek.. Tirshilik iyelerining ózin-ózi retke keltirip otyratyn tabighy jýiesin búzugha kóne bermeytinin eshkim de joqqa shyghara almaghan. Balardyng da kóp jaghdayda óz әlemin ózgertuge jasalaghn әreketterge qarsylyq jasauy tabighy qylyq. Balalardyng shalys әreketteri ata-anagha, mektepke, qoghamdyq erejelerge qarsylyq emes. Auytqu, shalys basu - balanyng bolmysy ekenin, al qoghamdyq erejelerden auytqushylyq sebepteri - tәrbie amaldary men yqpal etu aimaghy arsenaldarymyzdyng jetimsizdigi dep týsinilgeni dúrys.
Árbir bala - ózinshe erekshe әlem. Bala janynyng ishki tetikterine ýnilip, kiltin taba bilu - eresekterding estiyarlyghyna baylanysty. Bala - kәri adamzattyng jana tuyndysy , jana taghdyry retinde agha úrpaqtyng jinaqtaghan qúndylyqtarmen azyqtanady. Áytse de sol ústanymdardy qaytalap qoymay, qoghamdyq damu progresi úsynghan ósip jetiludin jana qaynar kózderin ashyp, bala boyyna siniretindey jaghday jasaluy qajet. Balalar da eresekter siyaqty bireulerding óktemdigi men baghynyshty etuine qarsylyq bildirui tabighy nәrse. Balanyng jan jýikesin júlqylamay, saghyn syndyrmay ómir sýre biluge baulyghan jón. Ómir sýre bilu de óner tektes. Ol óner adam boyyna tua bitpeydi, ýirenu kerek.,Ýlgimiz - mynau, úlaghat tútarymyz - osy degizetin ónege kerek. Óz taghdyryna ózi jauap bere alatyn erik-jigerli túlgha qalyptasu ýshin әr balanyng tabighy tilegi qanaghattandyrylyp, tәrbiyedegi qoghamdyq mýdde men jeke mýddeler tabighy úshtasyp jatsa qúba-qúp..
Balanyng jan dýniyesi erkindikti qalaydy. Ol erkindik - dýniyeni ózinshe týsinu, qatelesu ony ózi týzey bilu erkindigi. Óz tanymy men sezimin batyl aita alu, óz betinshe sheshim qabylday alatyn ózindik meni bolu erkindigi. Balalar - әlemi tirshilik shan-tozandary qonbaghan kirshiksiz әlem. Ol әlem jasandylyq pen jalghandyqsyz aqiqatty ansaydy. Balanyng jan-dýniyesi ne bolsa sony jazugha bolatyn qaghazdyng taza beti emes. Ashy ishekti arshyghanday etip iriktep alynghan úlaghat tútar izgilik, ar-úyat, borysh pen paryz, adaldyq pen әdildik kózin izdeu, tabu siltemeleri jazylugha tiyis.
Tәrbiyemiz minsiz emestigin moyyndamasqa bolmaydy. Ruhani, moraldyq túrghydaghy jaghymsyz kórinister nashar tәrbiyening saldary. Onyng ýstine kesirli yqpaldardan qorghay almay otyrghanymyz taghy bar.. Tәrbie otbasynan tamyr jayady da bútalary, gýlderi, jemisi sodan ósip ónedi, mektepte jalghasyn tabady. Mektepte eresekter men balalar tendigi qalyptasqan orta jasalsa jaqsy.. Balalardyng qyzyghushylyghy, biluge qúlshynysy, әr nәrsege әuestigi ,aynalysqysy keletin isteri ata-ana qalauy men mektep programmalary shenberimen shektelmeydi. Mektep - eki submәdeniyet shekarasyndaghy aralas túrghyndargha arnalghan mekeme. Onyng qalyptasqan dәstýrli basqaru jýiesinde yntymaqtastyqtan góri balalardy mәjbýrleu basym. Múghalimder men oqushylardyng sheshushi mәselelerde teng qúqyghy men ózara tendik qarym-qatynasqa negizdelgen jaghdayda ghana tәrbie әdilettilik sipat alady. Ótken ghasyrdyng 70-shi jyldary tәrbiyening әdilettilik ústanymy iydeyasyn Garvard uniyversiyteti professory, psiholog-ghalym Lourens Koliberg kóterdi. Amerikanyng Bostan qalasyndaghy Klaster Skule mektebinde onyng basshylyghymen jýrgizilgen júmys tәjiriybesin órkeniyetti elderding kóptegen mektepteri jalghastyruda.. Olar tәrbiyening әdilettilik ústanymdarynan basqa jebeushisi de, jol bastaushysy da joq degen tújyrym jasap otyr.. Ádilettilik ornatudyng adamdar tapqan jalghyz joly - demokratiya. Mektepti demokratiyalandyru - tәrbie qúraly dep qarastyrylady.. Ol sayasy oiyn emes, pedagogikanyng jana formasy dep tanylyp otyr.
Óser elding úl-qyzyna aumaly-tókpeli uaqyttyng asyly men jasyghyn ajyrata biler ýlgi men úlaghat kerek. Shattana jýrip shaldyghatyn, sharshay jýrip shattanatyn talghamshyl zamannyng talabyna say tәrbie kerek. Talgham men talaptyng arasyn alshaqtatyp almasaq jaqsy. Kósh jýre týzeler dep ózimizdi - ózimiz júbatqanymyz bos belbeulilik. Ata júrtymyz kóshke qamdanghanda jolda týzeler dep tәuekelge bel bumay, tas týiin shyqqan. Bala boyyndaghy tabighat darytqan tazalyqty saqtap, óz taghdyrynyng әmirshisi ózi bolarlyq yntasyn oyata bilsek, mәngi bala kýiinde qala beretindey qaramay, ómir danalyghy búlaq kózin kórsete bilsek ýlken jetistik sol bolmaq.
Sәken Bozaev Zeynetker ústaz, Atyrau oblysy, Qúlsary qalasy
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