Kenesarynyng túlghalyq beynesi men biyleushilik tanymyn jәne sayasy ahualdy keninen sipattap, otandyq tarihtyng betterinen oryn aluyna birden-bir sebepker bolghan Mәshhýr-Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng (1858-1931) "Qara mes" dep atalatyn enbegi ekeni aqiqat. Onda birneshe jeke adamdar: handar, batyrlar, biyler, t.b. tarihyn bir hronologiyalyq-shejirelik jýie retimen bayanday otyryp, el tarihyn jan-jaqty tanytugha úmtylady. Biz ýshin Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng "Mes" dep atalyp ketken 30 tomdyq jinaghy ishinen Qazaqstan tarihy turaly jazylghan qoljazbalary qúndy bolmaq. Mәshhýr-Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng óz qoljazbasynyng kópshiligi Qazaqstan Ghylymy akademiyasynyng Ghylymy kitaphanasynyng siyrek kezdesetin qoryndaghy №1170, 1177 papkalarda saqtauly. Al Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng «Qazaq týbi» dep atalatyn tarihy múrasynyng týp núsqalary men kóshirmeleri ýsh jerde saqtauly:
- Qazaqstan Respublikasy Últtyq Ghylym Akademiyasyndaghy Ortalyq ghylymy kitaphana qoljazba qoryndaghy (OGhKQQ), №1170(a), №1170(b), №1171, №1176, №1177, №1178, №1645 papkalarda. Kóshirmeleri: №228, №334, №378 , №657, №664, №829, №1173, №1174, №1327, №1623, №1661 papkalarda;
- M. O. Áuezov atyndaghy Ádebiyet jәne óner instituty (ÁÓI) qoryndaghy, №131, №334, №479 , №599 papkalarda;
- Q.P.Jýsipovtar әulettik múraghatynda (KPJÁM) saqtauly túr.
Sonymen birge « Qazaq týbi» enbegining taghy bir núsqalary:

Kenesarynyng túlghalyq beynesi men biyleushilik tanymyn jәne sayasy ahualdy keninen sipattap, otandyq tarihtyng betterinen oryn aluyna birden-bir sebepker bolghan Mәshhýr-Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng (1858-1931) "Qara mes" dep atalatyn enbegi ekeni aqiqat. Onda birneshe jeke adamdar: handar, batyrlar, biyler, t.b. tarihyn bir hronologiyalyq-shejirelik jýie retimen bayanday otyryp, el tarihyn jan-jaqty tanytugha úmtylady. Biz ýshin Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng "Mes" dep atalyp ketken 30 tomdyq jinaghy ishinen Qazaqstan tarihy turaly jazylghan qoljazbalary qúndy bolmaq. Mәshhýr-Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng óz qoljazbasynyng kópshiligi Qazaqstan Ghylymy akademiyasynyng Ghylymy kitaphanasynyng siyrek kezdesetin qoryndaghy №1170, 1177 papkalarda saqtauly. Al Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng «Qazaq týbi» dep atalatyn tarihy múrasynyng týp núsqalary men kóshirmeleri ýsh jerde saqtauly:
- Qazaqstan Respublikasy Últtyq Ghylym Akademiyasyndaghy Ortalyq ghylymy kitaphana qoljazba qoryndaghy (OGhKQQ), №1170(a), №1170(b), №1171, №1176, №1177, №1178, №1645 papkalarda. Kóshirmeleri: №228, №334, №378 , №657, №664, №829, №1173, №1174, №1327, №1623, №1661 papkalarda;
- M. O. Áuezov atyndaghy Ádebiyet jәne óner instituty (ÁÓI) qoryndaghy, №131, №334, №479 , №599 papkalarda;
- Q.P.Jýsipovtar әulettik múraghatynda (KPJÁM) saqtauly túr.
Sonymen birge « Qazaq týbi» enbegining taghy bir núsqalary:
- Resey Federasiyasy Sankt-Peterburg qalasyndaghy Shyghystanu institutynyng qoljazba qorynda;
- Tatarstan Respublikasy Qazan qalasynyng Ortalyq múraghatynda;
- Tatar jazushysy Naky IYsәnbetting jeke әulettik múraghatynda t.t. saqtaluly túr.
Ásirese, Mәshhýr-Jýsip Kópeyúlynyng Kenesary Qasymúlyna qatysty jinaqtaghan derekteri QR ÚGhA Ortalyq ghylymy kitaphanasy qoljazba qoryndaghy № 1170 «A» papkasynda:
- «Kenesarynyng óleni» (129-136-b.). Basy: «Aytamyn, ait degennen, au, jarandar!» Sony: «Din-músylman byt-shyt bop, jaman býlgen!» Qara: Radlov V.V. (282-286-b.);
- «Kenesary jyry» (136-137-b.). Basy: «Qystyng bir altauy ótken song (136-137 b.). Sony: «Habar berdi Rahpan!». Qara: Radlov V.V. (286-287-b.) t.b. derekter saqtalghan.
Sonymen birge № 1176 papkada:
- «Kenesary joryghy sony» (86-90-b.). Basy: «Búl qyrghyzdardyng Kenesarygha qarsylasyp jatqandyghy: 1846 jyly patsha ýkimeti Ayagózden Kenesarymen soghysugha Nuhalov degen jasauyldy qosyn qylyp shygharghan.» Sony: «As-susyz ýsh kýn soghysyp, aty da, adamy da boldyryp, tityghy qúryp, qolgha týsken;
- «Kenesary kezindegi Qoqan hany men Úly jýz baylanysy» (90-92-b.). Basy: «Ýisin: otyz úldy Bayzaq Qoqangha qaraghanda, Qoqannyng hany Mәdelihan...» Sony: «Alataudyng bir ózeni: «Qyzylsusamyr»- dep atalatyn derekter saqtalghan.
1837-1847 jyldar aralyghyndaghy últ-azattyq kóterilis Mәshhýr-Jýsipting «Qazaq týbi» núsqalarynda Kenesary zamany retinde qarastyrylady. Mәselen: « Qazaq týbi» núsqasynyng № 1170 "b" (795-849-better), № 1176 (78(73)-93(87)-better), № 1177 (190(238)-193(240), 261-263-better) papkalarynda jinaqtalghan qúndy maghlúmattar da sonyng aighaghy bolmaq. Sondyqtan bolar E. Bekmahanov /1/ pen D.IY.Dulatova /2/, Galuzo P.G. /3/ Kenesary kóterilisin, qazaqtardyng tәuelsizdik jolyndaghy kýresining bastamasy retinde qarastyrylady. Al Kenesarytanudyng negizin qalaghan Mәshhýr-Jýsip bolsa, atalmysh últ-azattyq kóterilisting aqtandaqtary E.Q. Jýsipovtyng oqu qúralynda jan-jaqty qarastyrylghan /4/.
Saryarqanyng tarihyn sipattay kele Mәshhýr-Jýsip: «Bizding búl Saryarqadaghy qazaqqa «qazaq bizge baghyn, qara» dep, «aq patshadan jarlyq alyp shyqtym» - dep, Iban Symanysh degen bólkebay keldi. Sonda onymenen talas Qytaydan da elshi keldi, «qazaq saghan qaramaydy, maghan qaraydy» dep. Ol ekeuinen patshagha qazaqtyng óz ishinen tóreden Kenesary, Nauryzbay shyghyp, kelip aitty:
Baghynba qazaq orysqa,
Baghynsang qazaq orysqa.
Osy bastan amandas,
Saryarqa degen qonysqa.
Bereke keter asynnan,
Biylik keter basynnan.
Ingennen ingen kýiersin,
Kýidirushi tabylyp.
Kórshiles jaqyn qasynnan,
Qyzyghyp túrsyng bayqamay.
Kýigennen zarlap aittym-ay,
Kórinisi orystyn,
Tekemetting bozynday.
Oilaghany jamandyq,
Jaradan aqqan irindey,
Abaqty degen ýii bar,
Qazuly dayar kórindey.
Qyzyl qaryn jas bala,
Obalyna qalarsyn
Keyingi ýrim-bútaqtan,
Qarghys bir nәlet alarsyn,
Ap keteyin bir jaqqa,
Sonymnan ershi erinbey!
Sonda sol zamandaghy qazaqtyng jaqsylary kenesti de Kenesary, Nauryzbaydyng sózin qostamady jәne qytay elshisine de sóilespedi. Jerimizge tiymesen, baladan soldat almasang saghan qaraymyz dep, ghәdәlәtshilik bar dep, aq patshany óz yqtiyarlarymen qarap baghyndy. Terige jazdyryp uaghda hat aldy.» /5/,-dep Kenesary men Nauryzbaydyng óz qara basy ýshin emes, últ bolashaghy ýshin ter tókkenin sipattaydy.
«Kenesary joryghy» degen birinshi núsqasynda Mәshhýr-Jýsip: «Nauryzbay tórening minezi auyl arasynda әnsheyin jýrgende, perishtedey eken. Jaugha shapqanda, suyqtyghy albastyday kórinedi eken...» /6/,-dep Nauryzbaydyng túlghalyq beynesine ong baghasyn bere otyryp, «Kenesary joryghyna qatysty ýshinshi derek» degen núsqasynda: «Kenesary hannyng jyly qoyan edi. Segiz jyl hanlyq daghuasyn qyldy» /7/,-dep Kenesarynyng dәuirin Abylay hann biyligining jalghasy retinde qarastyrady.
Nysanbay jyraudyng Kenesary túsyndaghy jәne odan keyingi halyq tirshiligin sipattap salystyra aitqan jyry Mәshhýr-Jýsipting «Kenesary-Nauryzbay» dastannynyng ekinshi núsqasynda kezdesedi. Onda jyrau:
Kene hannyng túsynda
Qart bauraday jaradyq.
Jaughan qarday boradyq.
«Abylay-lap!»-at qoyyp,
Dúshpannyng aldyn oradyq.
Kene han jazym bolghan son,
Bet-betimen taradyq.
Kóringenge qorghalyp,
Kisi auzyna qaradyq.
Ózimiz shapqan Sozaqtan
Bir shaqta aqyl súradyq.
Bastan audy baghymyz.
IYesiz qaldy taghymyz /8/,-dep oryndy bagha beredi. Al Kenesarydan keyingi otarlau sayasaty turaly N. Abuev: «50-60-h gody XIX v. byly godamy aktivnoy voenno-kazachi¬ey kolonizasiy Kazahskoy stepi. Nachalasi ona srazu je posle podavleniya vosstaniya pod rukovodstvom Kenesary Kasymova y presledovala seli osvoiti bogatstva kraya», - dep jazady. Al N. Konshin «Posle smerty Kenesary Kasymova ego skopiyshe chastiu rasseyalosi, chastiu bejalo v Turkestan vmeste s synoviyamy Kenesary. Soedinyayasi s kipchakami, ony neskoliko raz pytalisi otomstiti karakirgizam za smerti otsa y pokoriti yusunonsev, no uspeha ne iymeli. Sibirskie kirgizy y torgovsy takje ne malo terpely ot synovey Kenesary y jivshih s nimy synovey ego brata Sarjana. Tak, v 1850 g. shayka pod predvodiytelistvom Djafara Kekesarina proizvodila barantu v Akmolinskom okruge; v sleduishem 1851 godu tot je Djafar y ego bratiya Omar y Ospan opyati vtorglisi v russkie predely, no shayka ih skoro byla razbita y sam Djafar popalsya v plen. V 1856 g. kokandskie kirgizy s synoviyany Kenesary y Sarjana ograbily karavany petropavovskih kupsov y ugnaly u akmolinskih kirgiz 15 t. golov skota. Vyslannyy dlya presledovaniya ih otryad shg.-kap. Solovsova s sultanom Nuraly Abulhairovym y batyrom Erdenom Sandybaevy podvergsya na r. Chu napadenii kokandskogo otryada s Ahmetom Kenesarimym, prichem Solovsov byl ubiyt. V 1860 g. skryvavshiyesya v Kokande Hanhoja y Baymendy Sarjanovy opyati vtorglisi v zapadno-sibirskie okruga dlya baranty. Poslednee iymeiysheesya u menya svedenie o byvshih spodvijnikah Kenesary otnositsya k 1871 godu, kogda v Sarysuyskom uezde byl arestovan sultan Koshkarbay Sarjanov.
Vzyatyy v plen v I851 g. Djafar Kenesarin pry doprose pokazal, chto semeystvo ego otsa sostoit iz 8 synovey: ot odnoy jeny, byvshey v plenu u russkih - ego, Djafara, Tayyara(?), Ahmeta y ot drugoy jeny - Omara, Ospana, Abubakira, Sadyka y Djandaydosy (?), iz kotoryh poslednemu 11 l. Vse ony jily okolo Azreta. Djafar byl soslan v g. Berezov» /10,-dep kóterilisten keyin halyqtyng ghana emes Kenesarynyng úrpaqtaryna da auyr kýnning tughanyn bayandaydy.
Kenesary tuynyng astyna Orta jýz ben Kishi jýz rulary men Qypshaq, Tórtqara, Jaghalbayly, Shekti, Alshyn, Kerey, Jappas, Arghyn t.b. rulardan shyqqan myndaghan sarbaz jinaldy. Sonday -aq qaraqalpaq, qyrghyz, ózbek týrikmen ókilderi de boldy.
Kóterilisti qazaq dalasyndaghy el-júrttyng bәri qoldady dep topshalau qiyn.
Sebebi Aqmola okrugynyng agha súltany Qonyrqúlja Qúdaymendiyn, Kishi jýzding basqarushy súltandary Ahmed pen Múhamed Jantórinder, súltan Baymaghanbet Ayshuaqov, Ály men Sýiik t.b. otarshyldyq әkimshilikting qoldauyna sýiengender Kenesarygha qarsy boldy.
1837 j. ýlken aghalary Sarjan men Esengeldi ólgennen keyin Kenesary Aqmola okrugine kelip kóterilisti basqarady.
1838 j. kókteminen bastap Kenesary jasaqtary patsha әskerine qarsy josparly kýres jýrgizdi. Aqmola qalasyn qiratty. Qonyrqúlja aulyn shapty.
1840 j. kýzde Yrghyz ben Torghay manynda patsha әskerine, bay-shonjarlargha kýres bastady. Qoqan handyghynyng iyeligine basa kóktep enip, odan birqatar iri qazaq rularyn kýshpen bólip alady.
1841 j. qyrkýiekte Kenesaryny halyq han etip saylady. Ol qúrghan memleket feodaldyq memleket boldy.
1841 j. tamyz aiynda Kenesarynyng qoly Tashkentke attandy. Alayda sarbazdar arasynda júqpaly aurudyng taraluy búl joryqty toqtatty.
1841-42 j. Kenesary jasaqtary qoqandyqtargha qarsy soghys jýrgizdi. Sozaq, Saurandy aldy. Qoqandyqtar Kenesarymen kelissóz jýrgizuge mәjbýr boldy.
1843 j. Orynbor gen-gubernatory Perovskiy ketip, ornyna Obruchev keldi. Ol Gorchakovpen birge Keneni qughyndaugha kiristi. Kenege qarsy orys soghysy 27 mausymda bastaldy. Tamyz aiynda Kenesarygha qarsy súltandar Jantóriyn, Ayshuaqov, polkovnik Gens jәne Bizyanov bastaghan bes myng әsker de jiberildi. 1-7 qyrkýiekte eki jaq arasynda soghys jýrdi. Eki jaqta bir-birin jene almady. Kýz týse patsha әskeri Or bekinsine qayta oraldy.
1843 jyly 17 mausymda patsha Nikolay I Kenesarygha qarsy keng kólemde soghys joryghyna rúqsat berdi. Áskery starshina Lebedev 300 adamnan túratyn otryady aldynghy soqqy beretin kýsh boldy, keyin onyng otryady 1500 adamgha jetti.
1843 j. tamyzda A. Jantórin men B.Ayshuaqov súltandar bastaghan ekinshi top jasaqtalady. Osy jylgha 7 tamyzdaghy shayqas ýkimet ýshin nәtiyjesiz boldy. Jantórin otryady talqandaldy, Nauryzbay men Aqbay batyrlar Ekaterina bekinisin basyp aldy.
1844-45 j. kóterilis órledi. Oghan Syr boyynyn, ontýstikting qazaqtary qosyldy. Kenesary óz әskerining sanyn 20 myng adamgha jetkizdi.
1844 j.jazynda Kene jasaqtaryn qúrtu, halyq qozghalysyn basu ýshin Or bekinisinen, Úlytaudan, Tobyl ózeninen patsha әskerining ýsh toby shyqty.
1844 jyly 14 tamyzda Ekaterinsk (Atbasar) bekinisin tike shabuylmen basyp aldy.
1844 j. Kenesary tabysy onyng danqyn asyrdy. Kenesarymen kelissóz jýrgizu ýshin patsha ýkimeti Dolgov bastaghan bir top adamdy jiberdi. Kenesary olardy eki ay ústap, Orynbor general-gubernatoryna hat jazyp, olardy attandyryp jiberdi. Ol hatynda patsha bekinis-qamaldardy búzyp, zorlyqty toqtatsa, Reseyge bodan bolugha әzirligin bildirdi.
1845 j. Kenesary Úly jýzge qonys audardy.
1845 j. qazan-qarasha ailarynda Kenesary әskeri Qoqan handyghyna joryqqa attandy. Qorghan, Jana Jýlek, Sozaq bekinisterin alady. Aqmeshitti qorshaydy. Biraq júqpaly auru shyghugha baylanysty keri qaytady.
1846 j. jazda Kene mynday jasaghymen Qyrghyzgha bet aldy. Han soltýstik qyrghyz manaptarynan ózine baghynudy talap etti. Qyrghyz manaptary Orman, Jantay, Jangharash taypalar qúryltayyn shaqyrdy. Sarybaghysh, Búghy, Sayaq, Solto, Sherik taypalary qazaq hanynyng búiryghyn oryndaudan bas tartty.
1846 j. jazda Kenesary Balqash kólining jaghalauyndaghy Qamal týbegin basyp aldy, maqsaty - jau kýshine soqqy beru jәne óz jaghyna jana auyldardy tartu boldy. Búl kezde Kenesarynyng 10 000-day jasaghy boldy, zenbirekteri bar edi. Qosylghysy kelmegen auyldargha kýsh kórsetti.
1847 j. sәuirde Kenesary jasaqtarymen qyrghyz jerine basyp kirdi. Qyrghyzdarmen soghys Ystyqkólding tau shatqaly qoynauynda, Shu ózenining bas jaghynda ótti. Kenesary Toqmaqtyng manynda Keklik sengiri degen jerde qamaugha týsti.
Kenesary el biyleu tәrtibin ózgertti. Alym-salyq reformasy iske asyryldy. Eginshilikti damytugha, kórshi eldermen sauda-sattyq, keruen salyq alynatyn boldy. Memlekettik qúrylys ózgerdi. Handyq kenes qúryldy. Kenesip sheshetin jogharghy organdargha hangha berilgender kirdi. Jasaqtar jýzdikterge, myndyqtargha bólindi. Kenesary orys ýkimetimen tatu kórshilik jasaugha tyrysty.

1.       E. Bekmahanov. Qazaqstan XIX ghasyrdyng 20-40 jyldarynda. Almaty, 1994.
2. Turkestan-koloniya. S.82-95.
3. Istoriografiya dorevolusionnogo Kazahstana. Alma-Ata, 1984. S.62, 68-69.
4. Mәshhýr-Jýsip - tarihshy. Pavlodar, 2002.
5. Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópeev. Saryarqanyng tarihy әngimesi, Saryarqanyng kimdiki ekendigi. Qazan, 1907.
6. OGhKQQ №1176-papka, 78-80 jәne 86-90.
7. OGhKQQ №1178-papka, 34-bet.
8. «Mәshhýr-Jýsip» shygh. jinaghy 9-tom. 214-bet. Pavlodar: «EKO», 2006.
9. Istoricheskaya pravda y vymysly sosialinyy sostav naseleniya.
10. N. Konshiyn. Materialy dlya istoriy kazahskogo kraya.

Áset Pazylov,
«Mәshhýr-Jýsip» múrajayynyn
ghylymy qyzmetkeri

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