Preziydent saylauy jariyalanghandyqtan endigi jerde BAQ atauly atalmysh sayasy nauqangha bilek sybanyp kiriseri aidan anyq. Onyng ishinde eng yqpaldy kýsh - telearnalar bolary taghy belgili jayt. Olay bolsa, sala mamandaryna bәlkim, sabaq bolar degen niyetpen bir-eki auyz ýn qatudy jón kórdik. Belgili bir telearnanyng maqsaty men baghytyna negizdelgen aqparattyq sayasatty jýzege asyru ýderisi telehabardyng ishki mazmúny jәne ony kórsetudegi shygharmashylyq formasyna say qalyptasyp, ózindik túrpatyn aiqyndaydy desek,  onyng túrpaty  eng aldymen ózining maqsaty men baghyt-baghdaryn kórsete alatynday әleumettik pozisiyasyna negizdelgen tól baghdarlamalary bolugha tiyis.                                                                                    Qogham ómirinde san-salaly әri ózekti problemalar da shashetekten. Birer telearna qogham ómirin jan-jaqty kórsetuge tyryssa, kóbi belgili bir baghytty ústanatyny belgili. «Habar» agenttigi men «Qazaqstan» últtyq arnasynyng mýmkindigi men kýsh-quaty ózge telearnalargha qaraghanda әldeqayda basym bolghandyqtan kóbinese ómirdi әr tarapynan kórsetuge tolyq jaghdayy bar. Degenmen, kóp jyldar boyy tek madaqtaudy algha shygharghandyqtan halyq arasynda atalmysh arnalar jayynda «teledidarda kórsetiletin Qazaqstanda túrghym keledi» degendey әzil әngime de taraghan.

Preziydent saylauy jariyalanghandyqtan endigi jerde BAQ atauly atalmysh sayasy nauqangha bilek sybanyp kiriseri aidan anyq. Onyng ishinde eng yqpaldy kýsh - telearnalar bolary taghy belgili jayt. Olay bolsa, sala mamandaryna bәlkim, sabaq bolar degen niyetpen bir-eki auyz ýn qatudy jón kórdik. Belgili bir telearnanyng maqsaty men baghytyna negizdelgen aqparattyq sayasatty jýzege asyru ýderisi telehabardyng ishki mazmúny jәne ony kórsetudegi shygharmashylyq formasyna say qalyptasyp, ózindik túrpatyn aiqyndaydy desek,  onyng túrpaty  eng aldymen ózining maqsaty men baghyt-baghdaryn kórsete alatynday әleumettik pozisiyasyna negizdelgen tól baghdarlamalary bolugha tiyis.                                                                                    Qogham ómirinde san-salaly әri ózekti problemalar da shashetekten. Birer telearna qogham ómirin jan-jaqty kórsetuge tyryssa, kóbi belgili bir baghytty ústanatyny belgili. «Habar» agenttigi men «Qazaqstan» últtyq arnasynyng mýmkindigi men kýsh-quaty ózge telearnalargha qaraghanda әldeqayda basym bolghandyqtan kóbinese ómirdi әr tarapynan kórsetuge tolyq jaghdayy bar. Degenmen, kóp jyldar boyy tek madaqtaudy algha shygharghandyqtan halyq arasynda atalmysh arnalar jayynda «teledidarda kórsetiletin Qazaqstanda túrghym keledi» degendey әzil әngime de taraghan. Orynsyz maqtaudyng ózi keyde kórermenin mezi etip qana qoymay әri-beriden song ashu-yzasyn tudyratynyn da úmytpaghan jón siyaqty. Al, ózge arnalarda әr oblysta menshikti tilshi ústaugha da mýmkindikteri jete bermeydi. Soghan qaramastan elding qoghamdyq-sayasi, ekonomikalyq tynys-tirshiligin tolyq qamtugha bәri de atsalysyp keledi. Mysaly, «Astana» jәne «Almaty» telearnalary óz baghdarlamalaryn bir qalanyng ómirimen shektep otyrghan joq. Kerisinshe, el kórermenderining bәrine ortaq taqyryptardy qamtudy kózdeude. Al, «KTK» - túrmystyq, әleumettik mәselelerge basymdyq berse, «Asyl arna» - dindi nasihattaydy, "31 arna», «7 arna» oiyn-sauyq pen kórkem filimder sekildi kónil kóteru baghytyna beyimdelip alghan.

Alayda, qogham ómirin belgili bir telearna týgeldey qamtyp, tolyqqandy kórsetip otyruy mýmkin bolmasy haq. Eng bastysy, qazirgi zaman auanyn, sayasatyn, ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik ózekti mәselelerdi týiindep kórsetip otyrsa jetip jatyr. Osy sebepten elimizdegi onshaqty telearnany jalpylama týrde qoghamdyq-sayasy negizgi aqparat qúraldary retinde tanugha bolady. Alayda, búl jerde qogham ómirining belgili bir salasyna basymdyq bergen telearnalardyng synarjaq tar shenberde qalyp qonyn qúptaugha bolmaydy. Kerisinshe, sol bir ghana taqyryptyng ayasynyng ózinde qoghamdyq, әleumettik kýrdeli mәseleler ómir kórinisterimen astasyp jatuy mýmkin. Aytalyq, «Almaty» arnasynyng tarihiy-tanymdyq baghdarlamalary, «Astana» arnasynyng arnayy reportajdary el túrghyndarynyng barlyghyna ortaq mәselelerdi efirge shygharu arqyly auditoriyasyn keneyte týsetindigimen erekshelenedi.

Belgili bir mәselemen tikeley shúghyldanyp, oghan arnayy baghdarlama jasap kórermender arasynda sonysymen tanymal bolghan telehabarlar da bolady. Mysaly, «Habar» agenttigining «Barmysyn, bauyrym!» baghdarlamasy bir-birinen kóz jazyp qalghan tuystardy tabystyrudy maqsat etse, «Qazaqstan» últtyq arnasynyng «Ilik septigi» kórsetilimi tarihy tanymdyq maghlúmat berudi kózdeydi. Halyqqa kórsetilgen osy sapaly qyzmetterining arqasynda  atalmysh telehabarlar tartymdylyghymen kórermenderding yqylasyna bólenip otyr. Sonymen qatar «Barmysyn, bauyrym!» baghdarlamasynyng basylymdyq núsqasy da payda bolyp, «Ayqyn», «Liyter» gazetterinde jaryqqa shygharylyp keledi.

Aqparattyq sayasatty qúraytyn taghy bir faktor әrtýrli sayasy nauqandargha arnalghan taqyryptyq baghdarlamalar bolyp tabylady. Mysaly, saylau, zang jobalaryn talqylau, halyqaralyq aituly oqighalar nemese dataly merekelerge arnalghan arnayy telehabarlar jasalyp, sol kórinisting mәnin, manyzdylyghyn, tarihyn halyqqa týsindiredi. 2009, 2010 jyldary Qazaqstannyng EQYÚ-na tóraghalyq etui men túnghysh Preziydentting 70 jyldyghyna arnalghan derekti telefilimder men arnayy baghdarlamalar efirge kóptep shygharyldy. Múndaghy negizgi sayasat elding ishki-syrtqy jaghymdy imidjin qalyptastyru, halyqaralyq arenadaghy abyroyyn arttyruda jatsa kerek. Al, ótken jyldyng sony men jana jyldyng bastapqy aiynda telearnalar zansyz ekenin bile túra referendummen qatty «auyryp» baryp, tayauda ghana aiyqqanday boldy.

Belgili bir aqparattyq sayasatty jýzege asyru barysynda telearna ýshin ózekti mәselening biri taqyrypty órge sýireytin materialdardy josparlau, dayyndau, efirge shygharudy qamtamasyz etu bolmaq. Sonymen birge telearnanyng auditoriyamyn qarym-qatynasy, kórermen qauymmen keri baylanys ornatu da manyzy zor mәseleler. Alayda, Batystyng órkeniyetti elderinde kýntәrtibinen týspeytin múnday iske elimiz telearnalary aitarlyqtay mәn berip jatqan joq.

Degenmen, qazaq televiziyasy baghdarlamalarynyng deni belgili  bir oqighagha, kórinister men derekterge jaghymdy bagha bergen baghytta kórinis tabatyndyghyn angharugha bolady. Ásirese, múnday jaytty «Núr Otan» sayasy partiyasy úiymdastyrghan is sharalar jayyndaghy reportajdar men telehabarlardan kóremiz. Jasalghan júmystyng mazmúny jaghymdy әser qaldyrsa, ony nege maqtamasqa. Alayda, ony jappay jalang madaqqa bólep, bos úrangha negizdelgen danghaza shugha ainaldyryp jiberetin bolsa, isting mazmúnyn tómendetip jiberui yqtimal. Sondyqtan, әrbir is sharagha shynayy әdildikpen qarau, bardy bar, joqty joq kýiinde kórsetu manyzdy. Qajet bolsa, iskerlik әri shyn synnan tys túrmaghanymyz abzal.

Jurnalist shygharmashylyghynyng syny baghyty  telearna men qoghamnyng damuyna iygi yqpal etetin eleuli qadam. Alayda, syn dereksiz-dәieksiz, bireudi múqatugha, kelemejdeuge, shu kótergen sipatta bolmauy kerek. Synnyng ótkirligi, jauyngerlik qasiyeti oghan nysana etip alynghan kórinisting minimen dәl sәikestik tapqany jón. Bolmashy ghana úsaq-týiek birdemelerdi dabyraytudyn, ol ýshin beykýnә jandardy orynsyz jazghyrudyng mýlde qajeti joq. Syny baghdarlamalarda iskerlik pikir, úsynystar aitylyp, jaghdaydy týzeuding joldary kórsetilse, isting ontayly núsqasy jasalyp talqylansa qúba-qúp. Eger jay ghana qarsylasqan, min taqqan, ilik izdegen sipatta bolsa, ol telearnada aqparattyq naqty sayasattyn, sapaly jasalghan naqty jospardyng joqtyghyn kórsetedi. Jalpy jurnalistika synynyng týrleri kóp.

Telearnadaghy syny baghdarlamalardyng erekshe bir týri satira. Ol әzil-әjua, ashy mysqyl men kýlki sekildi ózining belgili elementteri arqyly artta qalushylyqtyn, nadandyqtyng әdilettikke, ilgeri damugha túsau bolyp otyrghanyn surettep, beyneleudi kózdeytin tartymdy janr. Professor T. Qojakeev marqúm aitsa aitqanday, «satiranyng kýshtiler qaruy» ekeni ras jәne ol sybaylas-jemqorlyqpen, alayaqtyqpen, kózboyaushylyqpen kýreste orasan zor mindet atqara alady.  Alayda, kýlki qaruyn qoldanuda da abay bolghan abzal. Bireuding ar namysyn qorlaugha, abyroyyna, iskerlik bedeline núqsan keltiruge bolmaytyny belgili. Jalpy satira elementterin tiyimdi әri oryndy qoldana biluding ózi jurnalisting qoghamdyq jauapkershiliginin, azamattyq pozisiyasynyn, jeke basynyng adaldyghynyng kórinisi bolmaq.

Synnyng taghy bir erekshe týri pikirtalas, talqylau týrindegi baghdarlamalar. Búlar telearnalarda kóbinese tok-shou týrinde de kórinis tauyp jatady. Qazirgi tok-shoulardyng ózi negizinen pikirsayysqa negizdelip otyr. Shyndyqtyng ózin pikirsayys arqyly tanugha bolatyndyghyn eskersek, telejýrgizushi ýshin eshkimdi jaqtamay jәne alalamay bәrin tynday otyryp, ortaq mýddeni qatang ústana otyryp, dәiekti tújyrym jasauy qajet bolady. Keyde tújyrym jasamay, jurnalist subiektivtik kózqarasyna sýienbey-aq problemany kópting talqysyna tastap, kórermenge oy salatyn tústary da praktikada kezdesedi. Aytalyq, «Habar» agenttigining «Tarazy» baghdarlamasy jogharydaghyday ýrdisti sәtti qalyptastyryp keledi.

Qalay bolghanda da pikirsayys barysynda aitylghan synnyng da úsynystyng da negizi auany ózekti mәselening týiinin sheshuge, mәnin aiqyndap, problemany ontayly jaqqa qaray búrugha baghyttaghan abzal. Pikirsayystyng synmen ýndestigi de, iskerlik sipaty men nәtiyjesining paydaly bolatyndyghy da osynda bolsa kerek. Sondyqtan, qogham ómirindegi eng manyzdy әri halyqty tolghandyryp otyrghan ótkir mәsele ghana tandalyp alynugha tiyis.

Sheshimin kýtken ózekti mәselelerdi talqylaudaghy problemalyq telehabarlardyng alar orny aiyryqsha. Qoghamdyq damu progresteri, әleumettik kýrdeli nysandardyng ahualy, adam men tabighat arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas sekildi mәseleler teoriyalyq jәne praktikalyq sheshimdi talap etedi. Ózekti mәselelerdi efir arqyly kórsetkende ony biliktilikpen dúrys beynelep kóteru, mazmúny men sipattaryn naqty anyqtaumen qatar oghan yqpal etushi faktorlardy aiqyndap beru qajet. Oghan jurnalisting mýmkindigi jetpegen jaghdayda kәsiby mamandardyng kómegine jýginuge tura keledi. Olarmen birlesip nemese tikeley kenesshiligimen baghdarlamany iygeruge bolady.  Jalpy problemalyq, pikirsayystyq, talqylau týrindegi tuyndylar pikiraluandyqqa qol jetkizgen BAQ ýshin ghana mýmkin bolmaq. Onyng manyzdylyghy «erkin pikir almasu arqyly mәmilege, ortaq sheshim qabyldaugha jetkizetindigimen» (Prohorov E.P. Jurnalistika y demokratiya. M. 2000. c.210) erekshelenedi.

Jurnalisting tuyndysy telearna ayasynda әrdayym újymdyq sipatqa ie bolyp kelgen. Endi búl integrasiya eldik jәne әlemdik sipat alyp bara jatyr. Ártýrli baghyttaghy BAQ pen jurnalister ózara yntymaqtasudy, pikirler men tәjiriybe almasudy algha shygharuy búqaralyq aqparat sayasatynan tuyndap otyrghan osy mamandyqtyng negizgi talaptary bolyp otyr.

Taqyryptyng ózekti boluynyng manyzdylyghy mynada:

• Uaqyt aghymyndaghy negizgi mәseleler jәne ómir baghytyn týzeuge yqpal etetin qoghamdyq tirshilik kórinisteri;
• Teoriyalyq keleli әri keshendi mәseleler;
• Ótken kezenderdegi tarihy oqighalar;
• Keler bolashaqtyng baghyt-baghdary.

Sondyqtan, jurnalist әrbir derek, oqigha, mәlimdeme syndy materialdarmen úshyrasqanda eng aldymen onyng BAQ ýshin manyzy bar ma, kezekti baghdarlama dayarlaugha onyng qajettiligi bola ma degendi anyqtap aluy qajet bolady. Onyng ózekti bolarlyqtay subiektivti sipaty (aqparat qabyldaushy ýshin sol oqigha, derektin, mәselening manyzdylyghy) men obiektivti sipatynyng (qoghamdyq, әleumettik ómir ýshin oqigha men kórinisting manyzdylyghy) ara jigin ajyratuy kerek. Onyng ózi ainalyp kelgende jurnalisting qoghamdyq pozisiyasyna, tuyndy jasau sana-seziminin, biliktiligi men týisik-tanymynyng kókjiyegine tikeley qatysty tuyndaydy. Yaghni, oqigha qansha jerden manyzdy bolyp, taqyrypqa súranyp túrsa da «ymdy týsinbegen dymdy da týsinbeydi» demekshi jurnalist ony sezine almasa eshbir tuyndy jasalmasy belgili. Telearnalarda taqyryptyng úsaqtalyp ketetini, jurnalisterding jeke adamdar turaly estelik aitudan, derekti syrttay ghana dәripteuden asa almaytyny birinshi tabighy týisikting joqtyghynan bolsa, ekinshi jaghynan biliksizdikten tuyndaytyn әlsizdik.

Sayyp kelgende, eng bastysy, teletuyndy ataulynyng tartymdy jәne mazmúndy jasaluy ýshin halyqqa bereri mol nәtiyjeli, iygilikti ister tandalyp alynugha tiyis. Sol siyaqty saylau nauqany syndy manyzdy is-sharalardy kórsetkende synarjaqtyqqa boy úrmay salmaqtylyq tanyta bilsek, qanekiy!

«Abay-aqparat»