Stalin beynesi qylmysker dep moyyndalghan kezde ghana qogham ruhany janghyruyn bastar edi
Stalinning ómirden ótkenine biyl 65 jyl, Stalindik jeke basqa tabynudy aiyptaghan KOKP XXsezdine 62 jyl tolyp otyr. Alayda, Stalin jәne onyng dәuiri turaly qoghamda naqty birjaqty pikir qalyptasa almay otyr. Býgin Stalin bireuler ýshin «halyqtar men dәuirlerding úly kósemi», «daryndy qolbasshy», al ekinshi bireuler ýshin ol – sózsiz qanisher. Nege búlay? Stalindi úly tarihy túlgha retinde sanaytyn adamdardyng qatarynan kez kelgen adamdy tabugha bolady; qarapayym taksistten bastap, kafedra professoryna deyin Stalindi jaqtaytyn adamdar jetip artylady. Osy tústa, Stalinning túlghasyn jaqtyru-jaqtyrmau kimning sharuasy degen súraq tumauy qajet. Búl shynynda da qogham ýshin asa manyzdy mәsele. Onyng astarynda betke anyq kórine bermeytin dýniyeler jatyr...
Ótken ghasyrdyng basynda oryn alghan Aqpan jәne Qazan revolusiyalary auyrtpashylyqtarmen birge, óz mýmkindikterin de ala keldi, biraq jekelegen adamdar ýshin. Biylikke kezdeysoq adamdar kele bastady. Shynayy bәsekelestik ortada búl adamdardyng jogharydan kórinui ekitalay edi. Qyzyq súraq, revolusiya bolmasa, Stalin kim bolar edi? Ol ortagha suyrylyp shyghar ma edi, әlde diny seminariyany ayaqtap (shynayy ómirinde ol seminariyanyng tórt-aq synybyn ayaqtaghan), shirkeu qyzmetshisi bolar ma edi, mýmkin qaraqshy bop óter me edi? Búl súraqqa jauap joq, alayda anyghy sol – revolusiyagha deyin Stalinning joghary biylik kóshinen tabyluynyng eshqanday da bir sebepteri men alghysharttary, mýmkindikteri bolmady. Revolusiyagha deyin birde-bir qala, audan, resmy memlekettik úiymdardy basqarmaghan, basqaru tәjiriybesi joq adam, keyin eldi basqaryp, milliondaghan adamdardyng taghdyryn óz qolyna aldy. Búl qalay mýmkin boldy?
Stalin joly bolghysh adamdardyng biri bop shyqty. Leninning ainalasynda tereng oqymysty, marksizmning teoretikteri men ony iske asyrushylar kóp boldy. L.D. Troskiy, mysalgha ziyatkerlik pen sayasiy-mәdeny bilim dengeyi boyynsha Leninnen artyq bolmasa, kem bolghan joq, sol siyaqty N.I. Buhariyn, Ya.M. Sverdlov daryndy marksister edi. Biraq osylardyng ishinen bәrinen V.I. Lenin Stalinge erekshe iltipatpen, jylylyqpen qarady. Bәlkim, Vladimir Iliichke Sosonyng «shyghystyq-kavkazdyq» qarapayymdylyghy (aldamshy qarapayymdylyghy), iskerligi, qataldyghy únaghan bolar. Jәne de, Stalin Leninmen eshqashanda daulaspay, aitqanynyn eki aitqyzbay, qalay da oryndaugha tyrysatyn. Leninge múnday adamdar, әsirese revolusiya men azamat soghysy kezinde asa qajet edi. Ásirese, Leninge Troskiyding asa belsendi sayasy qayratkerligin túsau ýshin osynday «qara júmys» adamy altynnan da baghasyz boldy.
1907 jyly Londonda RSDRP (Rossiyskaya sosial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya) V sezine Stalin qatysyp, marksizmning teoretikterimen betpe-bet jýzdesedi. Osy sezde Stalin men Troskiyding joly alghash týiisedi. Revolusiyadan keyin ekeuining sayasy jarysy bastalady. Troskiy búl sayysta sprinter, Stalin bolsa stayer bolyp shyghady. Troskiy tribunalarda, mitingterde sóz sóilep, Leninmen revolusiya teoriyasy ayasynda daulasyp jatqan kezde, Stalin ózining ainalasyna senimdi, oghan bar jan-tәnimen berilgen komandasyn jinay bastaydy...
Revolusiya qoghamnyng әrtýrli tap ókilderin, kәri-jasyn, sharua men qala túrghynyn, ziyaly aqyn men qarapayym orys mújyghyn biriktire aldy. Áriyne, múnday dýniyetanymy qayshy keletin adamdar arasynda jikter, daular, bәseke oryn aluy uaqyttyng ghana enshisinde edi. Revolusiyadan keyin kezekti biylikke talas ózin úzaqqa kýttirmedi. Stalinning ainalasy biylikting dәlizinde, bergi kire-beris bólmesinde syghylysyp, birin-biri iyterip otyrghan edi, endi olar joghary ýstelge otyryp, biylik pen baylyqty bólip alghysy keldi. Jas mansapqor revolusiyashyl úrpaqqa baylyq pen biylikke tez әri jyldam jeteleytin jana kósem kerek boldy. Stalin jas arlandargha kәri qasqyrlar olardyng algha jyljuyna kedergi bolyp otyrghanyn aityp, olardy Troskiy syndy revolusiyanyng tәjiriybeli maytalmandaryna qarsy shaptady. Biyik-biyik lauazymdy oryndargha adamdar júmysta atqarghan qyzmeti ýshin emes, Stalinge adaldyghy ýshin taghayyndaldy. Osy ýshin olar Stalindi qúrmet tútyp, Stalin ýshin kez kelgen adamnyng kenirdegin júlyp alugha dayyn boldy.
Kenestik kóshbasshy-kósemder mitingtik revolusionerler nemese әdeby qyzmetkerler, yaghny romantikter boldy. Stalin jәne onyng ainalasy bolsa isker-pragmatikter edi. Stalinning qarsylastary da biylikke úmtyldy, biraq olar dәl Stalindey tәuligine 24 saghat oilamaghan edi. Olardyng boyynda qataldyq, qulyq, zymiyan oilar Stalinnen qaraghanda әldeqayda az boldy. Stalin әr qadamyn eseptep basty. Qazan revolusiyasynyng kósemi, Leninning ýzengilesi Troskiy qatardaghy biylik funkioneri Stalinnen nege jenildi? Tarihshylardyng basym bóligi búl jarysta Troskiyding qalys qalu sebebi retinde onyng osy Stalinmen bolghan jarysty bayqamauyn, sezinbeuin aitady. Troskiy ózin Stalinnen әldaqayda joghary baghalap, onymen salghylasudy ózine ar sanady. Stalin bolsa, óz uaqytyn tapjylmay kýtip, andyp basty...
Osy orayda tarihshylardyng kókeyinde san-aluan súraqtar bar. Biylikke Stalin emes, Lev Davydovich Troskiy kelse ne bolar edi, milliondaghan adamdardyng kózin qúrtqan totalitarlyq kazarmalyq jýie qúrylar ma edi, әlde sosializmge qol jetkizuding basqa joly tandalar ma edi? Qazaqstanda ashtyq bolmay, ózge últtar kýshpen qonys audarylmay, býginde qazaq, ukrain jәne t.b. últtarynyng demografiyalyq kórsetkishi ózgeshe bolar ma edi? Bәlkim, sayasy qughyn-sýrgin bolmay, Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghys bastalmas pa edi? Kim biledi!?
Biylikke kelgen song Stalin ainalasyn tazalaumen ainalysty, keyin qoly qangha әbden batyp, toqtay almay qylmystary jappay terrorgha úlasty. Ol tikeley tapsyrma beruden qashyp otyrdy. Óz oiyn túspaldap aitatyn ol, shash al dese, bas alatyn qaramaghyndaghylary ony әrqashanda «dúrys týsinedi» dep esh kýmәnsiz sendi. Búl stili edi. Bireuding qolymen júmys istep, ózi alystan baqylap, taqtadaghy figuralardy auystyru – onyng endi naghyz kәsibine ainaldy.
Ádette barlyq materialdar Stalinning aldyna týsip, ol ony politburo mýshelerine taratatyn: materialdardy qarap, óz oilaryn aituyn súraytyn. «Jaqsy, sizder osylay sheshsenizder, mende amal joq». Kóp jaghdayda búl sózder eng auyr jaza ýkimin bildiretin. Ol osynday shetkeri otyrghan, auyr sheshimderdi qabyldaugha mәjbýr arbitrding rólin ózine әdeyi alyp aldy. Álihan Bókeyhan, Túrar Rysqúlov syndy qayratkerlermen әrqashanda qúrmetpen jyly sóilesetin ol, olar qamaugha alynghan kezde, tandanyp, «qalaysha búl mýmkin boldy, taptyrmas maman edi ghoy?» dep kezekti róline enetin. Búl spektakliderde Stalin bir ózi rejisser, әri әrtis te boldy.
Jappay terror stihiyalyq apatpen ispettes boldy. Ol qúrbandardy tandamay, sayasattan alys júmysshylardy, sharualardy, kishi memleket qyzmetkerlerin, kәri-jasyn bәrin birdey jalmady. Basty súraq: Stalinge osynyng barlyghy nege kerek boldy? Ol ózining sheshimderi barlyghymen birdey sózsiz qabyldanyp jatqanyn kórmedi. Biylikke sayasy kýrespen emes, sayasy intriga, qiytúrqy әreketpen kelgen ol, ózi osynday sayasy shytyrman oiyndardyng saldarynan biylikten aiyrylyp qalam dep qatty qoryqty. Sondyqtanda barlyghynyng boyyna qorqynysh sezimin úyalatu qajet Qorqynysh-ýreysiz jýie júmys istemedi. Biylikti jiberip qoiy ólimmen para-par boldy. Álsizdik tanyttyng ba, qarsylasyng kýsheyip, biylikke endi seni jolatpaydy. Terror – biylikti ústap túrudyn, halyqty qoyday juas etuding eng tiyimdi qúraly boldy. Nәtiyjesinde KSRO territoriyasynda, Qazaqstanda GULAG, KARLAG siyaqty sayasy tútqyndar lagerlerining jýiesi ornap, elimiz halyqtar týrmesine ainaldy. Últymyzdyng qaymaghy – ziyaly qauym ókilderi, ghalymdar, jazushylar, dәrigerler, memleket qayratkerleri jazyqsyz qúrbangha ainaldy.
Býgingi tanda elimiz «Ruhany janghyru» baghdarlamasyn jýzege asyru maqsatynda týrli-týrli sharualar ótkizudemiz. Búl sharalardyng arasynda kerektisi de bar, kerekti emesi de bar. Biraq bizding qoghamymyz ýshin 21 ghasyrda destalinizasiya ýderisinen ótu asa manyzdy. Qazirgi qoghammen Stalin túlghasy, Stalin dәuiri jәne ol әigileytin Kenestik kezendegi tarihymyz qaytadan sayasiy-tarihy oi-elekten ótip, qylmystyq kezeng dep tanylsa tarihy әdilettik ornar edi. Stalin beynesi Jenis kýninde paradta, mitingke shyqpay, kerisinshe kópshilikpen birauyzdan sózsiz qylmysker, tiran, aiuan dep moyyndalghan kezde ghana qoghamymyz ózining shynayy ruhany tazaruyn, janghyruyn bastar edi. Óli razy bolmay, tiri bayymaydy, sony úmytpayyq, aghayyn!
Talapker Asqarúly Ualiyev
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