Jeri suly, ormany nuly teriskeyding әr tauy men qyraty ótken ghasyrlyrdyng  dýbirli dәuirinen syr shertetin tarihtyng bir paraghy ispettes. Tәuelsizdik alghannan bergi shiyrek ghasyrdan astam uaqytta búryn kenestik iydeologiyanyng búghauynda shiderlenip kelgen talay jaylar mәlim bolyp, ruhany qúndylyqtarymyzdyng bay qazynasyn tolyqtyrghany belgili.

Alayda әli de ótkenimizding oqylmaghan betteri, jazylmaghan joldary jeterlik. Búghan Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Ayyrtau audanyna barghan saparymyzda kóz jetkizdik. Búl audannyng kiyeli topyraghy Aqan seri, Ýkili Ybyray syndy ruhany túlghalarymyzdyng atamekeni. Sondyqtan da múnda alys, jaqyn jerlerden ziyarat etip kelushiler kóp.  

Biz mingen temir túlpar jer apshysyn quyryp tas jolmen jýitkip keledi. Eki qaptalda jasyl jelegi tógile jayqalghan qayyndy orman, shoqyly belester, samal jelmen teniz tolqynynday tolyqsyp terbelgen sheksiz-shetsiz egin alqaptary syrghyp ótip jatyr. Aumaghyna bes Fransiya syiyp ketetin Qazaqstannyng әr ónirining ózine ghana tәn órnegi men boyauy bar ghoy. Soltýstiktin, ssirese Ayyrtau audany jerining kórkemdigi erekshe. Alystan kógildir saghymgha oranyp múnartqan tau jotalarynyng әr tasynda tarihtyng aitylmaghan syry, Abylay han túlparynyng izi jatyr.

Shuaqty kýn sәulesi ainaday jarqyraghan aidynynda oinaghan kólding jaghasyndaghy audan ortalyghy Suatkólge týs әletinde jettik. Audannyng 37 mynnan asa halqynyng 38,7 payyzyn ghana qazaqtar qúraydy. Alayda qazaqy salt-dәstýr, últymyzdyng ruhany qúndylyqtary múnda ejelden berik saqtalghan.

Saumalkólding mәdeniyet ýiining aldyndaghy 1993 jyly Elbasynyng qatysuymen ashylghan Aqan seri Qoramsaúlynyng enseli eskertkishine  taghzym etip, gýl shoqtaryn qoyyp osy kórikti de qasiyetti mekenning ótkeni men býgingisine qanyqtyq. Mәdeniyet ýiining auqymdy bóligin múrajay alyp jatyr. Múnda da audan tarihynan syr shertetin dýniyeler az emes eken. Al Saumalkólden otyz shaqyrymday jerdegi Syrymbettegi Shoqannyng әjesi Ayghanym hanymnyng qonysynda bolghandaghy әserimiz erekshe. Aynalasyn tau shoqylary, jasyl balausa kómkergen búl qonysty Nikolay patshanyng tapsyrmasymen Omby gubernatory saldyrghan. Osydan-aq Ayghanym hanymnyng sózi ótimdi, qadirli adam bolghanyn kóruge bolady. «Mәdeny múra» Baghdarlamasy ayasynda halqymyzdyng birtuar úly, Abylaydyng úrpaghy Shoqan Uәlihanúlynyng balalyq, jastyq shaghy ótken búl ýy janartylghan. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde qonystaghy meshit, qonaqtargha arnalghan ýi, medrese, monsha, jel diyirmeni Shoqan syzbalarynyng kómegimen qalpyna keltirilip, qazir tútas múrpajay keshenin qúrap otyr.

Ayyrtau audanyndaghy taghy bir kiyeli oryn Qarasay batyr auylynan tórt shaqyrym jerdegi Qarasay jәne Aghyntay batyrdyng eskertkish kesenesi. Qúlshynbay tóbesindegi qos kýmbezdi biyik kesene alystan kóz tartady. Jonghar shapqynshylyghy kezinde Jәngir han men Jalantós batyr bastaghan Ordabúlaq shayqasynda jaudyng elu myng qalyng qolyna qarsy birge shauyp, ómir boyy qan maydandy birge keshken Shapyrashty Qarasay men Arghyn Aghyntaygha Alla taghala búl fәny dýniyeden ótkennen keyin de ajyramay, birge boludy búiyrypty. Ekeuining de mýrdeleri osy Qúlshynbay tóbesindegi qúlpytastyng astynda qatar jatyr. El basyna kýn tughan zamandaghy qazaqtyng birligi qazirgi zamandastarymyzgha ýlgi bolsa iygi. Qos batyrdyng ruhyna Qúran ayattaryn baghyshtaghan bizding pikirimiz osy arnada toghysty.

Últtyq qúdylyqtarymyzdy terennen zerdelesek qazaqtyng kóne tarihy adamzat órkeniyetimen sabaqtasyp jatyr. Búghan Ayyrtau audanyndaghy Nikoliskoe auylynan bir jarym shaqyrym jerde, Esil ózenining saghasy Imanbúrlyqtyng manyndaghy arheologiyalyq qazba oryndarynda bolghanymyzda anyq kóz jetkizdik. Tarih ghylymynyng doktory, Ál-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq uniyversiytetining professory, Arheologiya jәne dala órkeniyeti institutynyng diyrektory Viktor Zaybert bastaghan ghalymdar kóne Botay qonysyn 1980 jyly zerttey bastaghan edi. Qazba júmystarynyng alghashqy kezeninde-aq búl jerden qysh ydystardyng synyqtary, jәne eng qyzyqtysy, túrghyn ýiler aumaghynan kóp mólsherde jylqy sýiekterining tabyluy tarihta Euraziya dalasyn mekendegen saqtardyng mәdeniyeti turaly búghan deyingi kózqarasty týbegeyli ózgertken ghylymy tónkeris boldy. Botay qonysynan jylqy sýiekterinen jasalghan pyshaq, sadaq, nayza úshtary, qysh qúmyraladyng týbinde keuip qalghan qymyz qaldyqtarynyng izi, at әbzelderining bólikteri osydan alty myng jyl búryn osy aimaqty mekendegen botaylyqtardyng qymyz iship, adamzat tarihynda alghash ret jylqyny qolgha ýiretkenin dәleldeydi.

Botay qonysyn ondaghan jyldardan beri zamanauy qúraldardyng kómegimen jan jaqty zerttep jýrgen AQSh, Germaniya, Resey ghalymdary da osynday qorytyndygha kelip otyr.

- Negizinen «botaylyqtar» degen shartty atau, - deydi Viktor Fedorovich Zaybert. – Qazir uniyversiytetke ainalghan Soltýstik Qazaqstan pedagogikalyq institutynda qyzmet istep jýrgende osy qonysty alghash ret ashqanymyzda ony sol mangha jaqyn auyldyng atymen Nikoliskoe qonysy dep atau oigha kelgen. Biraq artynan sol jerde Botay degen dәuletti adamnyng auyly bolghany eskerilip, әri aitugha jenil, әuezdi bolghandyqtan Botay qonysy dep ataudy úighardyq. Anyghynda búl ónirdi tas dәuirinen qola dәuirine óter kezende saqtar mekendegen. Saqtargha deyin ol jerd kimder qonystanghany әli de zerttey týsudi qajet etedi. Jylqy ósiru botaylyqtardyng eng basty sharuashylyq salasy bolghany tolyq dәleldenip otyr.

Botaydy qonystanghan adamdardyng jylqyny qolgha ýiretui adamzat órkeniyetining damuyna zor yqpal etti. Jylqyny alghash ret kólik retinde paydalanu Euraziya aumaghyndaghy halyqtardyng kóship-qonu ýrdisine, basqa aimaqtaghy halyqtarmen sauda, ekonomikalyq baylanystar ornatuyna, olarmen aralasyp assimilyasiyagha úshyrauyna әser etse, alghash ret qoldanylghan at ýstinde soghysu saqtardyng  әskery ónerin jetildirip, jana jerlerdi jaulap aluyna, geografiyalyq kenistik aumaghyn keneytuine mýmkindik berdi. Jylqyny әskery maqsatta qoldanu osy dәuirden bastalady. Jylqyny qolgha ýiretu adamzattyng ómir saltyna, oilau jýiesine, mәdeniyetine, tehnikalyq damuyna búryn-sondy bolmaghan ózgerister әkelip, әlemdik órkeniyetke jana serpin berdi.

Ál Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq uniyversiytetining professory, tarih ghylymynyng doktory Dosbol Sýleymenúly Bayqonaqov Viktor Fedorovichpen júby jazylmay kóp jyldardan beri Botaydaghy qazba júmystaryna qatysyp keledi.

- Botay mәdeniyeti jylqyny paydalanu nәtiyjesinde Ertisten Oralgha deyingi keng aimaqqa taralghan, - deydi ol. – Botay órkeniyetining tarihy qola dәuirine ótu kezeninen bastalyp, saqtardyng Euraziya aimaghyna kelip qonystanuymen jalghasady. Botaylyqtar adamzat tarihyndaghy at ýstinde soghysqan alghashqy jauyngerler bolghan. Jaugershilikting osy kezenindegi assimilyasiya barysynda búryn oqshaulanyp kelgen qauymdastyqtarda genetikalyq ózgerister bastaldy.

Osyghan deyin Botaydy zertteu maqsatymen әlemning әr týkpirinen otyzdan asa ghalymdar Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysyna kelip halyqaralyq ghylymy konferensiya ótkizgen edi. Tayau kýnderi Italiyadan eki arhelog mamandar kelmek. Osy uaqytqa deyin Botay qazbalarynan eki jýz mynnan asa qúndy zattar tabylghan.

Alayda Botay qonysynda 39 jyldan beri arheologiyalyq qazba júmystaryn jýrgizip kele jatqan Viktor Zaybertti shendilerdin, tipti jergilikti tarihshy mamandardyng nemqúraydylyghy qynjyltady. Tegi ghalymdy ghalym ghana týsinedi ghoy. Sekseninshi jyldardyng basynda Soltýstik Qazaqstan pedagogikalyq institutynyng rektory bolghan marqúm Qanash Shәkenúly sol kezdegi iylikpegendi úryp syndyratyn partiya oryndarynyng qarsylyghyna qaramastan kýzgi egin jinau nauqanyna kómekke jiberilgen tarih fakulitetining studentterin keri shaqyryp alyp Viktor Zaybertting arheologiyalyq ekspedisiyasyna attandyrady. Qazaq últtyq uniyversiytetining rektory Ghalym Mýtanov ta parasattylyghyn tanytyp, Viktor Fedorovichke uniyversiytet janynan arnayy Arheologiya jәne dala órkeniyeti Institutyn ashyp berui osy ghylymy janalyqtyng manyzyn tereng týsingeni emes pe!

Shetel ghylymy ortalyqtarynyng Viktor Zaybertpen baylanys ornatyp, ony Botay turaly dәris oqugha Kembridj uniyversiytetine, Germaniyanyng oqu oryndaryna shaqyruy osy Botay mәdeniyetining adamzat órkeniyetine yqpalyn joghary baghalauynan ghoy. Týsine bilgen adamgha Botay qonysyndaghy arheologiyalyq qazba nәtiyjeleri Qazaqstandy әlemdik ghylymy kenistiktegi biyikke shygharatyn jetistik, elimizding abyroyyn asqaqtatatyn janalyq.

Tek osyny úghynyp, búl júmysqa Soltýstik Qazaqstan oblysy әkimshiligi ghana emes, ýkimet te qarjylay qoldau kórsetse ghoy. Ázirge búl oryndalmay otyrghan tilek qana bolyp túr. Al Viktor Fedorovichting jospary auqymdy. Ol bolashaqta Botay qonysynda aspan astyndaghy ashyq arheologiyalyq múrajay ashyp, tabighaty әsem Ayyrtau audanyna sheteldik sayahatshylardy tartudy, ólkemizding kóne tarihyn әlemge pash etudi armandaydy. Ýkimetten qarjylay qoldau bolsa Botay әli de tarihtyng tereng qoynauynda jatqan syryn ashyp, Qazaqstan ghylymyn jana beleske kótereri anyq.

Marat Ermúqanov, Qyzyljar qalasy

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