Dýniyedegi kez-kelgen halyqty bir-birinen erekshelendirip túratyn onyng mәdeniyeti men salt-dәstýri, tili ekendigi barshagha ayan. Al mәdeniyet pen salt-dәstýrding qalyptasuyna dinning sheshushi ról atqaratynyn keshegi ateistik qoghamnan shyqqan bizder onshalyqty moyynday bermeymiz. Alayda, dinning halyqtyng mәdeni, ruhany bolmysy men әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrin qalyptastyratyn negizgi qaynary ekendigin ózge halyqtar әldeqashan moyyndaghan.

Dýniyedegi kez-kelgen halyqty bir-birinen erekshelendirip túratyn onyng mәdeniyeti men salt-dәstýri, tili ekendigi barshagha ayan. Al mәdeniyet pen salt-dәstýrding qalyptasuyna dinning sheshushi ról atqaratynyn keshegi ateistik qoghamnan shyqqan bizder onshalyqty moyynday bermeymiz. Alayda, dinning halyqtyng mәdeni, ruhany bolmysy men әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrin qalyptastyratyn negizgi qaynary ekendigin ózge halyqtar әldeqashan moyyndaghan.

Mysaly, nemisting oishyl aqyny Eliot Hristian dinning Europa halyqtarynyng tarihyndaghy rólin bylay baghalaydy: «Osnovnym v sozdaniy obshey kulitury narodov, kajdyy iz kotoryh iymeet svoiy kulituru, yavlyaetsya religiya... Ya govoru ob obshey hristianskoy tradisii, kotoraya sdelala Evropu tem, chto ona esti y ob obshih elementah kulitury, kotorye eto obshee s soboy hristianstvo priyneslo ... IYmenno v hristianstve razvilasi nashe iskusstvo, v hristianstve do nedavnego vremeny korenilasi pravovye sistemy Evropy. IYmenno na fone hristianstva priobretaet znachenie nasha filosofiya. Otdelinyy evropees mojet ne veriti v istinnosti hristianskoy very, y vse je to, chto on govoriyt, proizvodiyt, delaet - vse obretaet smysl v hristianskom nasledii. Toliko hristianskaya kulitura mogla paroditi Volitera y Nisii. Ya ne veru, chto evropeyskaya kulitura perejiyvet utratu hristianskoy very»1. Nemis oishylynyng búl tújyrymyna bir oidy qosyp-alu mýmkin emes. Hristian dini europalyqtardyng taghdyry. Búl oy orys oishyly N.Berdyaevting «Russkaya iydeya» atty shygharmasynda mynaday ýndestik tabady: «Russkaya mysli, russkie iskaniya nachala HIH v. y nachala HH v. sviydetelistvuiyt o sushestvovaniy russkoy iydei, kotoraya sootvetstvuet harakteru y prizvanii russkogo naroda. Russkiy narod - religioznyy po svoemu tipu, y po svoey dushevnoy strukture. Religioznoe bespokoystvo svoystvenno y neveruyshim ... Daje u teh russkiyh, kotorye ne toliko iymeet pravoslavnoy very, no daje vozdvigait goneniya na pravoslavnui serkovi, ostaitsya v glubiyne dushy sloy, formirovannyy pravoslaviyem»2. Demek, orys halqyn halyq etip qalyptastyrghan pravoslav dini. Olay bolsa kez-kelgen halyqtyng ruhani, mәdeny bolmysy men әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrin qalyptastyratyn sol halyqtyng dini bolyp shyghady. Búl dinning adamzat qoghamyndaghy rolining qanshalyqty tereng ekendigin bayqatady. Osy jerde qazaq halqyn halyq etip qalyptastyrghan, ghasyrlar qoynauyna jútyldyrmay býginge deyin jetkizgen qanday kýsh, qazaq iydeyasy bar ma?- degen zandy súraq tuyndaydy. Búl súraqqa bir jaghynan jauap beru onay, ekinshi jaghynan qiyn. Onay bolatyny - qazaq halqynyng ruhany bay múrasynda; anyz-әngimeleri men jyr-dastandarynda, shejirelerinde, materialdyq múralarynda. Qazaq halqyn halyq etip tarih sahnasyna shyghanghan ruhany kýshting izi sayrap jatyr. Olardy alyp oryn-ornyna qoysa, qazaq iydeyasyn - qazaq halqynyng ruhany ózegin tanyp alu qiyn emes. Qiyn bolatyny - ghylymy tanymy evrosentristik kózqaras pen tarihty materialistik túrghydan tanu metodologiyasy negizinde qalyptasqan býgingi zertteushining qazaq halqynyng ruhany múrasyn týsine almauy nemese mensinbeui. Basqasha aitqanda, qazaq halqynyng ruhani, mәdeny bolmysyna evropalyqtardyng kózimen qarauy. Osy kózqarastyng saldarynan qazaq әli kýnge ózin-ózi tany almay keledi. Qazaq halqynyng qalyptasuyna yqpal etken basty kýsh, ózek retinde kóshpendi ómir salty algha tartylyp, qazaq halqynyng ruhany bolmysy zertteushiler nazarynan tys qaldy. Mysaly, belgili etnograf, marqúm N.Masanov, Qazaq kim? - degen súraqqa bylay dep jauap beredi: «Y nakones sleduet otvetiti na tretiy vopros, kto takoy kazah? ... Gruppovaya prinadlejnosti cheloveka opredelyalosi ne proishojdeniyem, a toliko obrazom jizny y tipom hozyaystva. Esly tot ily inoy individiuum rodilsya hoti za triydevyati zemeli, no nochuet sredy kazahov, on kochevniyk, on-kazah. Esly ego je rodiytely kazahi, no jiyvet v gorode Ispidjabe, on-sart. On ne kazah. Kazahom byl kochevniyk-nomad»3. Jalpy osy pikirding qoghamdyq ghylymdardyng bar salasynda qalyptasqan pikir ekendigi jәne búl búljymas shyndyq retinde qabyldanatyny ókinishti. Biraq kóshpendining bәri qazaq emestigi, atasy bólek qalmaq týgil, tipten keshegi kýni qazaqtan bólinip shyqqan týrkimen, noghay, qaraqalpaq siyaqty halyqtar kóshpeli ómir sýrse de ózderin qazaq retinde moyyndamaytynyn eskerer bolsaq, onda olar nege qazaq emes degen zandy súraq tuyndaydy. Búl - halyqtyng ómir sýru jaghadayy halyqty úiystyrugha negiz bola almaytynyn kórsetedi. Halyqtardy solardyng ishinde kóshpendilerdi de bir-birinen erekshelep túratyn mәdeniyeti men sol mәdeniyetti qalyptastyrugha negiz bolghan dini men sol din negizinde qalyptasqan mәdeniyeti barlyghyn kórsetedi. Demek, evropalyqtarda nemese orystarda emes, dini, ruhany faktordyng týrki halyqtarynda da ruhany mәdeny bolmysyn qalyptastyratyn negizgi quat kózi ekenin kórsetedi.Ásirese, batysy men shyghysy, ontýstigi men soltýstigi myndaghan shaqyrymdy alyp jatqan sayyn dalany meken etken qazaq halqynyng ruhany mәdeny tútastyghy men әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýr birligin qamtamasyz etken iydeyanyn, ol iydeyany tu etken iydelogiyanyng negizinde asa quatty kýsh bolghanyn sezinu qiyn emes. Qazaq dalasyndaghy osy tútastyqty Sh.Ualihanov bylay dep suretteydi: «Qazaq ózderining kóne anyzdarymen senim nanymdaryn qayran qalarlyqtay tazalyqta saqtay bilgen. Odanda ótken ghajaby sol, baytaq dalanyng әr shalghayyndaghy, әsirese óleng jyrlar esh ózgerissiz, bir qoldan shyqqanday qaytalanatynyn qaytesiz. Kóshpeli sauatsyz ordadaghy auyzsha taraghan ýlgilerding bir-birinen qylday auytqymaytyny adam aitsa nanghysyz qasiyet, alayda kýmәn keltiruge bolmaytyn shyndyq»4. Sonshalyqty keng saharany alyp jatqan halyqtyng múnday tútastyqty saqtay aluy, búl halyqtyng ruhany birligining myqty bolghandyghynyng dәleli. Búl jerde sonda qazaq halqyn qalyptastyrghan qanday kýsh degen súraqtyng tuyndary anyq. Endigi kezekte sol súraqqa jauap berip kóreyik.
Týrki halyqtary islam dinin VIII-ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda qabyldady. Jana dindi qabyldau týrki halyqtary mәdeniyetining jana satygha kóteriluine yqpal etse, ekinshi jaghynan ózining dәstýrli mәdeniyeti men әdet-ghúrpynan, tilinen ajyrap, parsylanuyna әkeldi. Tek HII gh. tarih sahnasyna Qoja Ahmet Yasauy syndy túlghanyng shyghyp, sopylyq joldyng týrkilik baghytyn qalyptastyruy islam dinin qabyldaghan týrkilerdi halyq retinde joyylyp ketuden aman saqtap qaldy. Dәstýrli týrki mәdeniyeti qaytadan qalpyna keldi. Eng bastysy týrki tili din tili, ghylym-bilim tili, memleket tiline ainaldy. Ol óz hikmetterinde bylay dep jazdy:
Qoshtamaydy ghalymdar bizdin
aitqan týrkini,
Bilgenderden esitkil,
ashar kónil mýlkinin.
Ayat-hadis maghynasy,
týrki bolsang muafiyq,
Maghynasyna jetkender
jerge qoyar bórigin.
Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding ruhany múrasyn zerttep jýrgen filosof D. Kenjetay Yasauy ilimi turaly bylay deydi: «Yasauy ilimi-qoghamdyq әleumettik yntymaq pen birlikke úiytqy bolatyn danalyqtyng keni. Yaghni, onyng ilimi adamdar arasyndaghy ózara teng súhbattyn, bauyrlastyqtyn, mahabbattyng diny ruhany ústanymdaryn qamtityn bir tútas tújyrymdamalar jýiesi bolyp tabylady6. Demek, Yasauy ilimi alghashqy kezding ózinde tolyq jetilgen ilim bolyp qalyptasty.
Osy kezennen bastap Yasauy joly týrki mәdeniyetining ózegine ainaldy. Shynghyshan shapqynshylyghy ózge halyqtar ýshin qasiretti bolghanymen, týrki memlekettigin qayta qalpyna keltiriluine mýmkindik berdi. Joshy úlysynyng qúryluy Horezmshah ekspansiyasynan qiraghan týrki memlekettigining qayta qalpyna kelui bolatyn. Alayda, alghashqy kezende búl memleket әli tolyq týrkilik syipat alghan joq edi. Óitkeni, Joshy úlysynyng qúramynda tili, dini bólek qanshama halyqtar óm ir sýrdi. Músylman dinin qabyldaghan týrkilerden basqa, ózge dinderdegi qanshama týrki taypalary boldy. Olardan basqa hristiandyq baghytaghy pravoslavie men katolik shirkeuleri boldy. Olardyng arasynda memlekettik iydeologiyagha ainalu jolyndaghy kýres bastaldy. Sol kýreste memleketting negizgi tiregi bolghan, týrkilerding ruhany qajetin tolyq ótey alatyn Yasauy joly jenip shyqty. Yasauy joly memlekettik iydeologiya dәrejesine kóterilgenen keyin tek diny ruhany mәselelermen shektelip qalghan joq. Memleketting qúrylymdyq jýiesin tolyq ózgertti. Qazirgi qazaq halqy qúramyndaghy rulyq, taypalyq jýielerdin, jýzderding tarih sahynasyna shyghuy, osy Yasauy jolynyng Joshy úlysynda memlekettik iydeologiyagha ainaluymen tikeley baylanysty. Mine osy kezende Joshy úlysy qúramyndaghy týrkilerding ruhani, mәdeny tútastyghyn qalyptastyrghan Yasauy jolynyng ókilderi - әuliyeler bolatyn. Qazirgi qazaq shejirelerindegi әr rudyn, taypanyng basynda túrghan túlghalar osy Yasauy joly ókilderi edi. Sol kezennen beri Yasauy joly týrki halyqtaryn úiystyrushy ruhany negizge ainaldy. Týrki-islam órkeniyetining shekarasyn qazirgi keybir zertteushiler aityp jýrgendey, týrki jylqysynyng túyaghy tiygen jer emes, Yasauy jolynyn, Yasauy iydeyasynyng taraghan jeri bolatyn. Osy joldan shegingen әrbir qadam týrki memleketining tarih sahynasynan ketuine yqpal etip otyrdy. Altyn Orda siyaqty alyp imperiyanyng kýireui, osy Yasauy jolynan Jәnibek hannyng bastartyp, ornyna islam dinining irandyq formasyn memlekettik iydeologiya dәrejesine kóteruimen tikeley baylanysty boldy. Ózgening diny tanymyn qabyldamaghan halyq Jәnibek hannan bastartyp jeke el bolugha әreket jasady. Tarihy jazbalarda izi qalmaghan, qazaq jәne ózge týrki halyqtarynyng anyzdarynda saqtalghan Alash memleketi osy kezende ómir sýrdi. Qazaq atauynyng alghash aityluy da osy Alash pen Alasha han dәuirine say keledi:
«Keshe Alash, Alash bolghanda,
Alasha han bolghanda,
Ýiimiz aghash bolghanda,
Úranymyz Alash bolghanda,
Ýsh jýzding balasy emes pe edik?!»
Demek, qazaq atauynyng alghash shyghuy ózining dәstýrli dini men ruhani, mәdeny derbestigin saqtap qalu ýshin Saraydan bólingen halyqtyng Alash memleketin qúruymen baylanysty ekendigin kóruge bolady. «Qazaq» atauynyng osy kezende tarih sahnasyna shyqqanyna taghy bir dәlel «Er Edige» jyrynda kezdesedi. Ol jyrdan mynaday joldar bar:
«Hannan qayrat ketkende,
Biyge medet jetkende,
Han qashyp, by qughanda,
Han Toqtamys qorlanyp,
Baytaghym dep zarlanyp,
Aytyp jylay jóneldi.
Ei, baytaghym, baytaghym,
Bastatyp seni aldyrttym,
Al aman bol menen son
On san elim noghayly,
Seni taghy aldyrttym,
On san noghay ishinde
Ýsh jýz alpys otau qazaghym,
Seni taghy aldyrttym»6.
Toqtamys hannyng absoluttik biylikke jetu ýshin óz halqynan bas tartyp, ózge halyqtargha arqa sýiep, óz halqyna qarsy shyqqanda Edige bastaghan biylerding oghan jýrgizgen kýresining nәtiyjesi osylay ayaqtalghan bolatyn. Jyrdaghy «360 otauly qazaq» dep otyrghany, sol kezende Yasauy jolynyng  Jalpy búl derekter*ókilderi - biylerding sonyna ergen halyqty ataytyn. qazaq atanghan halyqtyng Yasauy jolyna moyyn úsynghan, osy iydeyanyng ainalasyna toptasqan halyq ekendigin, qazaq halqynyng ruhani, mәdeny bolmysy men әdet-ghúryp, salt-dәstýrin qalyptastyrghan basty ruhany ózek - Yasauy joly bolghandyghyn dәleldeydi.
Odan keyingi kezenderde qazaq dalasyndaghy tarihy oqighalarda da Yasauy joly ókilderi belsendi ról atqardy. Halyqtyng basyn biriktirip, on jeti jasar Ábilhayyr súltandy taqqa otyrghyzyp, «Ózbek úlysy» atty memleketti qúrdy. Búl memleket ózining qúrylymdyq jýiesi men diny iydeologiyasy jaghynan Ózbek han kezindegi Altyn Orda memleketin qaytalaytyn edi. Sol sebepti, búl memleket Ózbek úlysy atandy7. 1446 jyly Ábilhayyr hannyng Syghanaq qalasyn alghannan keyingi әreketi, Yasauy jolynan bas tartyp, soghdy-tәjik, parsy mәdeniyetine negizdelgen naqshbandiya tariqatyn qabyldauy, qasyndaghy Yasauy joly ókilderin biylikten shettetip, ordasynyng beglerbegi bolghan Edigening nemeresi Uaqqas biydi óltirtui memleket qúramyndaghy halyqtyng bir bóligining Ábilhayyrdan bas tartyp, kóship ketuge mәjbýr etti. Kóshken halyqtyng basshylary-biyler Jәnibek pen Kerey súltandardy shaqyryp, jeke memleket qúrdy. Búl bólingen halyq ta, memleket te «Qazaq» atauyn aldy. Sóitip, Qazaq handyghy tarih sahnasyna Yasauy jolyn ústanghan memleket retinde shyqty. Ózgening ruhani, mәdeny yqpalyn qabyldamay, ózining dәstýrli dini men mәdeniyetin bәrinen artyq kórgen halyq qana qazaq atandy. Búl halyq ýshin Týrkistan qalasy men ondaghy Qoja Ahmet Yasauy kesenesi kiyeli, qasiyetti meken sanaldy. Múnyng solay ekendigin orys zertteushisi A.I. Levshin de rastaydy. Ol bylay deydi: «Edva ly kto-nibudi iz kirgiyz-kazakov byl v Mekke, no ony pochitait Turkestan svyatym mestom, y mnogie iz niyh, osobenno iz kochuishih bliz sego goroda ezdyat v onnyy dlya pokloneniya grobu svyatogo Kara Ahmeta hodji, cherezvychayno im uvajaemogo»7. Qazaqtyng handary men biyleri, batyrlary baqilyq sapargha attanar aldynda ózderin Týrkistangha, Áziret Súltan qasyna aparyp jerleudi amanat etti. Demek, qazaq halqynyng ruhany ózegi - islamdaghy sopylyq joldyng Yasauy negizin salghan týrkilik baghytynda. Basqasha aitqanda, Qazaq iydeyasynyng negizi - Yasauy iliminde. Qazaq ýshin ózge joldyng qajeti joq.

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