Beysenbi, 28 Nauryz 2024
Anyq-qanyghy 7185 7 pikir 15 Tamyz, 2018 saghat 09:02

Kaspiy - kól de emes, teniz de emes...

Aqtau tórinde alqaqotan jinalys ótkizgen bes el - Qazaqstan, Ázirbayjan, Resey, Iran jәne Týrkimenstan basshylary Kaspiy tenizining qúqyqtyq mәrtebesin anyqtaytyn konvensiyagha qol qoyyp qaytty. Osylaysha, 20 jyldan astam uaqyt boyy jalghasyp kelgen kelissózderding basy bir arnagha toghysqanday boldy.

Kaspiy syndy geografiyalyq manyzgha ie aimaqty bólip paydalanu jәne baqylauda ústau ýshin ortaq kelisimnin, kóp moyyndaghan qújattyng qajettiligi sózsiz. Kaspiy many elderine ortaq ereje engizip, tenizding qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz ete otyryp baylyghyn bólip paydalanugha bes el baryn saldy. Sol ýshin jyldy-jylgha jalghap kelissóz jýrgizdi. Endi besinshi Kaspiy sammiytining siz ben bizdi qyzyqtyrghan tústaryna toqalyp kóreyik.

Kaspiy kelisimin tyghyryqqa tirep kelgen basty mәselening biri onyng resmy mәrtebesine baylanysty ekenine kópshilikting kózi jetti. Eger Kaspiy teniz dep tanylsa halyqaralyq teniz qúqyghy normalaryna jýginuge tura keledi. Al kól bolsa Kaspiyding baylyghy bes elge ortaq bolady da, ony iygeru ýshin kólding ortaq iyesi sanalatyn bes elding kelisimi kerek bolady.

Osyghan deyin Kaspiyge iyek artqan jaghalauy úzyn, óz bóligende múnay-gaz mólsheri molynan tabylghan Qazaqstan, Ázirbayjan, Resey elderi Kaspiydi teniz dep tanudy úsyndy. Al qart Kaspiyge janasqan shekarasy shekti Iran men Týrikmenstan ýshin kól atauy ynghayly edi. Ári eshkim de óz aitqanynan qaytqysy kelgen joq. Sóitip, taraptar «ógiz de ólmeytin, arba da synbaytyn» amal tapty. Endi Kaspiy kól de emes, teniz de emes. Erekshe statusqa iye.

Basqasha aitqanda, Kaspiydi basqaru ýshin qanday da bir halyqaralyq zan-erejelerge jaltaqtaudyng qajeti shamaly. Konvensiya boyynsha Kaspiydi bólude teniz suy men tabany bólip qaralatyn bolady. Ár elding Kaspiydegi shekarasy, teniz tasymaly, balyq aulau óniri jәne eng manyzdysy ondaghy baylyqty iygeru men garnizon mәselesinde bir sheshimge keldi.

Anyghyraq aitar bolsaq, әr elge jaghalau syzyghynan 15 teniz miyli búiyrdy. Bir mili 1,852 shaqyrym. Demek jaghalaudan 30 shaqyrym aumaq әr memleketke tiyesili. Oghan qosa taghy 10 mili aumaqta balyq aulagha rúqsat etildi. Al teniz tabany men tabighy resurstaryn kórshiles eki el halyqaralyq erejelerge say bólip alady.


Áskery baza salugha jol joq.

 

Konvensiyada әskery baza salugha, ony bógde memleketterge beruge, sheteldik әskery kemelerding jýzuine, úshaqtarynyng úshuyna, jýk tasymaldauyna tyiym salyndy. Kaspiy tenizin tek ekonomikalyq maqsatta beybit iygeruge sheshim qabyldandy. Búl bapqa eng mýddeli bolghan Resey men Iran eli boldy. Sebebi, qos elding Kaspiy ónirine AQSh әskerining tabany tiyip kete me degen qaupi elden erek. Tipti, 22 jyl boyy ymyragha kele almay jýrgen Kaspiy tenizining qúqyqtyq mәrtebesin anyqtaytyn konvensiyagha Aqtauda qol qoyyluyna da dәl osy AQSh-tan keler qauip sebep bolyp otyr.

Aqýiding aldyn orap, olardyng Kaspiyge ayaq basar jolyn jabu ýshin Mәskeu men Tegeran keybir tústarda óz mýddelerin qúrban ete otyryp, Kaspiy konvensiyasyn dәl osy joly maqúldap tastady.  «Qazaqstan AQSh-tyng Kaspiy tenizi jaghalauynda әskery baza qúruyna qosyldy» degen әngime shyqpasa Kaspiy dauy әli qansha uaqytqa jalghasatyny belgisiz edi. Joghardaghy aqparatty elimizding syrtqy ister ministri Qayrat Ábdirahmanov joqqa shygharyp, Qazaqstan arqyly ótetin amerikalyq әskery emes jýkterding tranziytine qatysty mәsele qate týsinik tudyrghanyn aitqan bolatyn. Alayda, «jel soqpasa shópting basy qimyldamaydy» dep bilgen Resey men Iran erterek shekarany bekemdeuge bel buugha mәjbýr boldy.

Negizi Resey AQSh-tan qauiptense Ázirbayjandy da nazardan tys qaldyrmaghany jón. Sebebi, Ázirbayjanmen shekaralas Gruziyanyng Reseyge ókpesi qara qazanday. Songhy eki elding arasyndaghy qaqtyghys keshe ghana tughan janjal emes, úzaq uaqytqa jalghasqan jaulastyq pighyl. Songhy kezderi Gruziya ýkimetining NATO-gha mýshe bolu mýmkindigi arta týskeni aityluda. Mәskeu qansha qarsy túrghanymen, búrynghy odaqtasyn óz jaghynda alyp qala almaytyn sekildi. Eger Gruziya NATO-gha qosylyp ketse, AQSh Orta Aziyagha Gruziya arqyly jaqyndauy mýmkin. Áne sol kezde Kaspiy men Aqýiding arasyn Ázirbayjan ghana bólip túrady. Eger Bakudi bóten oy týrtse qyzghyshtay qoryp otyrghan Kaspiy Amerika ýshin alys bolmay qalady.

Sarapshylardyng aituynsha, AQSh ýkimetining Orta Aziyagha býgin ghana qyzyghushylyghy oyanyp otyrghan joq. Ghasyr basynan beri qúshaghy baylyqqa toly, geografiyalyq orny erekshe kindik Aziyagha kóz qyzartyp keledi. 11 qyrkýiek oqighasynan keyin-aq lankestikke qarsy túrudy jeleu etip, Orta Aziyada әskery baza qúrudy qolgha alghan. Sol kezde olardyng Qyrghyzstan, Ózbekstan jәne Tәjikstan elderimen istestik ornatqanyn kópshilik jaqsy biledi. Búlardyng ishinde eng erekshesi «Manas» әuejayyndaghy Amerika әskery bazasy ekeni sózsiz. 2013 jyly mausymgha deyin AQSh armiyasy ýshin ashyq bolghan osy Manas bazasynyng jabyluy ýshin de Resey ýkimeti baryn saldy. Tipti, qyrghyzdardy bazany jabugha kóndiru ýshin 1,1 milliard dollardyng qaru-jaraghy men әskery jabdyqtaryn alyp bergen kórinedi.

 

Jauymnyng jauy – dosym!

 

Songhy kezderi Resey men Iran batys elderining mýiizdeuinen kóz ashpay keledi. Ásirese, AQSh ýkimetining osy eki elmen baylanysy ot pen suday. Sodan bolar búryndary sózderi jarasa bermeytin Mәskeu men Tegeran «kemedegining jany bir» dep ózara jaqyndasa bastady. Keybir sarapshylar, Kaspiy konvensiyasy eki elding dostyghyn nyghaytyp, AQSh-tyng ekonomikalyq búghauyn ýzedi dep topshylauda.

Resey men Irandy bir jaghadan bas, bir jennen qol shygharugha iytermelegen AQSh tarapynan salynghan sanksiya bolyp otyr. AQSh ýkimeti 8 tamyz kýni Reseyge qarata jana sanksiya jariyalady. 22 tamyz kýshine enetin kezekti ekonomikalyq jaza Mәskeu ýshin onaygha soqpaytyny sózsiz. Soghan qaramastan Resey jana odaqtasy Irannyng múnay óndirisine 50 milliard dollar qarjy qosady degen sóz bar. Qalay desek te, Vladimir Putin men Hasan Ruhany qol ústasa otyryp batys elderining osy synynan ótip aludy kózdeytin kórinedi.

 

Týrikmenstannyng da talaby oryndalmaq

Kaspiy konvensiyasynda kóp paydagha kenelgen taghy bir el – Týrikmenstan. Gurbanguly Berdymúhamedov 20 jyl boyy armandap kele jatqan Týrikmenstan gazyn teniz tabany arqyly Ázirbayjangha, odan әri Europagha jetkizetin gaz qúbyryn salu isin maqúldatyp aldy. Putin búl joba iske assa Týrikmenstan gaz eksporttaudan ózine bәsekeles bolatynyna da qaramastan, konvensiyagha «Kaspiy tenizining tabanymen suasty qúbyryn jýrgizuge bolady» degen tarmaqty engizudi qoldady. Soghan qaraghanda Mәskeu Kaspiy konvensiyasynyng tez arada qabyldanuyna óte mýddeli bolghan kórinedi. Osy sózimizding ózi Reseyding AQSh-qa barynsha jauap berip jatqanyn kórsetse kerek. Eger aldaghy uaqytta 5 milliad dollar qarjy júmsaudy talap etetin osy joba jýzege assa Ashghabad biyligi bórkin aspangha atatyn bolady.

Al bizding elding osy qújat arqyly naqty qanday jetistikke jetkenin dәl qazir basyp aitu qiyn. Sebebi, Qazaqstan zandaryna say kýshine enbegen qújattardy jariyalaugha bolmaytyndyqtan, konvensiya mazmúny әli el nazaryna úsynylmady. Soghan qaraghanda qanaghatshyl qazaq útpasaq ta útylmasaq boldy dep, tenizding qazaqstandyq bóliginde múnay nemese kómirsutegi shiykizatynyng mol ekenine shýkir etetin sekildimiz. Múnyng syrtynda shekaramyzdy zandy jolmen belgilep alghanymyzdyng ózi -  olja.

Quanysh Qappas

Abai.kz

 

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