Qazaqstandaghy Monarhiyalyq Kapital jýiesining evolusiyasy (jalghasy)
Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng qúrylu kezenderining etaptary
1. 1. kezeng 1991-1997 jyldar
1991-1997 jyldary biylikte kapitalister toby boldy.
Qazaqstandaghy býgingi taptar 1991 jyldan bastap qúryla bastady. Osy jyldan bastap 1997 jylgha deyin elding jetekshisi kapitalister tobyna ýmit artty. Nelikten degen súraqty sheshu kerek?
Onyng eki sebebi boldy.
Birinshi sebebi, osy jyldary birynghay ortalyqtanghan sheshimder qabyldanghan joq, sondyqtan ne shygharu kerek? Qayda shygharu kerek? Qanshagha satu kerek? Jәne t.b. súraqtar tuynday bastady, biraq ne isteu kerek ekenin az adamdar ghana týsindi. Tek qana kapitalister múnday alasapyrandy jaghdayda sheshimder taba bildi. Olar Qazaqstan tauarlaryn shetelge satudy jәne basqa elderge tauarlardy jetkizudi, el aumaghy boyynsha tauarlardy satudy jәne jetkizudi qysqa merzim ishinde jónge keltirdi.
Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng qúrylu kezenderining etaptary
1. 1. kezeng 1991-1997 jyldar
1991-1997 jyldary biylikte kapitalister toby boldy.
Qazaqstandaghy býgingi taptar 1991 jyldan bastap qúryla bastady. Osy jyldan bastap 1997 jylgha deyin elding jetekshisi kapitalister tobyna ýmit artty. Nelikten degen súraqty sheshu kerek?
Onyng eki sebebi boldy.
Birinshi sebebi, osy jyldary birynghay ortalyqtanghan sheshimder qabyldanghan joq, sondyqtan ne shygharu kerek? Qayda shygharu kerek? Qanshagha satu kerek? Jәne t.b. súraqtar tuynday bastady, biraq ne isteu kerek ekenin az adamdar ghana týsindi. Tek qana kapitalister múnday alasapyrandy jaghdayda sheshimder taba bildi. Olar Qazaqstan tauarlaryn shetelge satudy jәne basqa elderge tauarlardy jetkizudi, el aumaghy boyynsha tauarlardy satudy jәne jetkizudi qysqa merzim ishinde jónge keltirdi.
Sóitip olar, qanday tauarlardyng óndiruin qalpyna keltiru jәne saqtap qalu turaly sheshim qabyldady. Olar, súranys kóp bolghan tauarlardy óndirumen qatar, shetelden tasymalday bastady. Aytyp ketetin jayt, sol tauarlardy óndiru kezinde kapitalister osynday әreketter jasau arqyly qoghamnyng iygiligi turaly mýlde oilamady. Olar ózderining jeke bastarynyng qamyn, ózindik qordy qaytip úlghaytsam dep qana oilady. Biraq, kapitalizm zany, adamdargha qajetti tauar men qyzmet týrin úsynu arqyly ghana qordy úlghaytay alatyny belgili. Ózge jaghdayda kapitalist erte me, kesh pe, әiteuir, qúldyrau shegine jetetini aiqyn.
Ekinshi sebebi, búrynghy sosialistik iydeologiya jenilis tapqan jaghdayda, janadan jengen iydeologiyanyng ókilderi sol kapitalistter boldy. Búl qajetti platforma iydeologiyalyq túrghydan qaraghanda, jana payda bolghan kapitalisterge qysqa uaqyt ishinde qoghamdaghy biylikti óz qolyna shoghyrlandyruyna jaghday tughyzdy. Eger 1997 jyldan keyin, qazirgi basqarushy, kapitalisterge degen senimin әri qaray jalghastyryp, sonynda biylikti solardyng qolyna tabys etkende, búl jaghday bylaysha ayaqtalar edi. Sonda ol ekonomikalyq túrghydan kapitalisterdi, alghashqy jinaghan qorlaryn últtyq ónerkәsip pen auylsharuashylyghyna júmsaugha mәjbýr etetin edi, al shiykizattan týsetin últtyq tabysty óndiristi qayta qarulandyrugha, aimaqtyq tauar óndirushilerge tura jәne qosymsha subsidiya retinde jiberuge júmsalatyn edi. Búl jaghdayda Qazaqstan Ontýstik Koreya, Singapur, Malayziya siyaqty memleketterding jolymen baghyt alatyn edi, al bizding jetekshimiz Mústafa Kemal, Ly Kuan Yu, Mohatriha Muhamad siyaqtylardyng qatarynda bolar edi. Biraq sonda da, monarhiyalyq kapital jýiesin qúrugha bet búryldy.
2.2. kezeng 1997-2002 jyldar
Monarhiyalyq kapital mýsheleri óte az (birneshe janúyadan kóp emes), sondyqtan monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng jýiesin qúruda, kóp sandy taptardyng kómegi qajet. Osy kezde Monarhiyalyq kapital qanday tapqa sýiene alady? Ol, tek kana adamdargha shynayy biylik jýrgize alatyn taptargha sýienedi. Adamdardy jaqsy biyley alu qabiletine qanday taptar iye? Búl eki tap. Áriyne, - kapitalister men bay-sheneunikter. Mysaly, kapitalist zauyttyng iyesi retinde ózining qyzmetkerlerine búiryq beru mýmkindigine iye, sonday-aq milisiya bastyghy nemese әkim de osynday mýmkindikke iye. Atalghan eki tapqa da birdey sýienuge bola ma? Joq, әriyne bolmaydy.
Onyng eki sebebi bar.
Birinshi sebebi, kapilalister, bay-sheneunikter ýshin taptyrmaytyn asyraushy tap bolyp tabylady, búl eki tap - antogonister. Ekinshi sebebi, Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng jәne kapitalistterding negizgi maqsaty men qyzyghushylyqtary әrtýrli, soghan qaramastan olar ekeui birigip bay-sheneunikterge qarsy shygha alady. Sondyqtan Monarhiyadyq kapital sýienish retinde bir ghana tapty tandaydy. Búl, әriyne, bay-sheneunikter. Nege? Adamdardy kapitalisttermen teng biyleytin sheneunikter Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng bergen búiryqtaryn oryndamaytyn bolsa, olardy júmystan bosatyp, ornyna búiryqtaryn oryndaytyn ózge bireudi qoygha bolady. Al, kapitalistti ornynan bosata almaysyn, óitkeni, onyng kýshi onyng qyzmetinde emes, onyng kýshi oghan tiyesili óndiris jabdyqtarynda. Olardyng aktivterin de alyp qoigha bolady, biraq ony alyp qoyghannan keyingi bastalatyn shuy men mashaqaty, bay-sheneunikti júmystan bosatugha qaraghanda әlde qayda kóp bolady. Sondyqtan, monarhiyalyq kapital zang shygharu men qúqyqty qorghau tәjiriybesin engizuge, «әrbir basatyn qadamyna» sheneunikting rúqsatyn alugha mәjbýrleuge bet búrdy.Búl Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng baylargha qoldau kórsetude tólemi jәne bay-sheneunikterge sýienetin bastapqy qúrylym jýiesining qalyptasuynyng bastalu kezeni.
QDT qúryluy kapitalisterding osy qúrylym jýiesimen kýresuge әreketi boldy, olar bay-sheneunikter men Monarhiyalyq kapitaldyng kýshine qarsy dayyn bolmaghandyqtan, jenilis tapty.
Endi osy surettep otyrghan kezenning basynan bastap ayaghyna deyin Qazaqstandaghy barlyq taptardyng jaghdayyn qarastyrayyq. Taptar turaly mәlimetterdi biz 2001 jyldan bastap keltiremiz, óitkeni, Qazaqstannyng statistikalyq qyzmeti tek qana osy kezden bastap adamdardyng tabys dengeyi men búl taptargha kiretin adamdardyng sanyn shamamen baghalaugha bolatyn mәlimetterdi jariyalay bastady.
|
2001 j. Taptardyng jaghdayy |
||||
|
Tap |
Kiris kózderi |
Sany |
Dollarmen shaqqandaghy jyldaghy taptyng jalpy kirisi |
Dollarmen shaqqanda jylyna 1 adamnyng ortasha kirisi |
|
Monarhiyalyq kapital (biyleushi tob) |
Shiykizat satqannan kelgen kiris |
8 |
207 937 954 |
25 992 244 |
|
Bay-sheneulikter |
|
94 804 |
546 682 357 |
|
|
1. Tender ótkizgennen keyingi payda. |
10% tender ótkizuden kelgen kiris, 50% jer satudan kelgen kiris |
2 244 |
270 233 257 |
120 425 |
|
2. Paraqorlyqtan alghan payda. |
Para alu ýshin zandy qoldanu |
92 560 |
276 449 100 |
2 987 |
|
Kapitalistter |
Biznesten kelgen kiris |
105 191 |
2 481 467 421 |
|
|
Qalalyq |
|
97 345 |
2 137 352 938 |
|
|
1. iri |
|
11 |
197 836 800 |
17 985 164 |
|
2. ortasha |
|
2 648 |
1 293 157 163 |
488 352 |
|
3. mayda |
|
94 686 |
646 358 975 |
6 826 |
|
Auyldyq |
|
7 846 |
344 114 483 |
|
|
1. iri |
|
3 |
32 373 295 |
10 791 098 |
|
2. ortasha |
|
591 |
206 771 282 |
349 867 |
|
3. mayda |
|
7 252 |
104 969 906 |
14 475 |
|
Proletariat |
jalaqy |
1 305 900 |
854 385 075 |
|
|
1. Qalalyq |
|
1 110 015 |
800 320 815 |
721 |
|
2. Auyldyq |
|
195 885 |
54 064 260 |
276 |
|
Qyzmetkerler |
jalaqy |
2 557 400 |
2 421 694 834 |
|
|
1. Intelliygensiya |
|
1 617 966 |
1 155 227 724 |
714 |
|
2. Jaldama qyzmetkerler |
|
658 934 |
932 391 610 |
1 415 |
|
3. Memlekettik qyzmetkerler |
|
280 500 |
334 075 500 |
1 191 |
|
Ózine ózi jumys isteytinder |
Derbes kiris |
2 835 500 |
4 480 285 026 |
|
|
1. Qalalyq |
jalaqy |
981 615 |
2 369 618 610 |
2 414 |
|
2. Auyldyq |
jalaqy |
1 748 688 |
2 110 666 416 |
1 207 |
|
Lumpen proletariat |
Túraqsyz kiris |
1 452 033 |
|
|
|
Zeynetkerler |
Zeynet aqy |
1 749 126 |
708 396 030 |
405 |
|
Studentter |
stiypendiya |
440 700 |
61 257 300 |
139 |
|
1-17 jasqa deyingi balalar |
|
4 324 948 |
|
|
|
Qazaqstan halqynyng barlyq jiyny |
|
14 865 610 |
|
|
|
2002 j. Taptardyng jaghdayy |
||||
|
Tap |
Kiris kózderi |
Sany |
Dollarmen shaqqandaghy jyldaghy tabtyng jalpy kirisi |
Dollarmen shaqqanda jylyna 1 adamnyng ortasha kirisi |
|
Monarhiyalyq kapital (biyleushi tob) |
Shiykizat satqannan kelgen kiris |
8 |
184 777 115 |
23 097 139 |
|
Bay-sheneulikter |
|
94 804 |
729 967 941 |
|
|
1. Tender ótkizgennen keyingi payda |
10% tender ótkizuden kelgen kiris, 50% jer satudan kelgen kiris |
2 244 |
364 367 739 |
162 374 |
|
2. Paraqorlyqtan alghan payda. |
Para alu ýshin zandy qoldanu |
92 560 |
365 600 202 |
3 950 |
|
Kapitalistter |
Biznesten kelgen kiris |
115 841 |
3 179 062 526 |
|
|
Qalalyq |
|
107 869 |
2 745 829 138 |
|
|
1. iri |
|
11 |
247 296 000 |
22 481 455 |
|
2. ortasha |
|
3 000 |
1 780 212 418 |
593 404 |
|
3. mayda |
|
104 858 |
718 320 720 |
6 850 |
|
Auyldyq |
|
7 972 |
433 233 388 |
|
|
1. iri |
|
3 |
40 466 618 |
13 488 873 |
|
2. ortasha |
|
600 |
263 931 958 |
439 887 |
|
3. mayda |
|
7 369 |
128 834 812 |
17 483 |
|
Proletariat |
jalaqy |
1 364 400 |
1 395 099 000 |
|
|
1. Qalalyq |
|
1 227 960 |
1 349 528 040 |
1 099 |
|
2. Auyldyq |
|
136 440 |
45 570 960 |
334 |
|
Qyzmetkerler |
jalaqy |
2 665 800 |
2 860 997 872 |
|
|
1. Intelliygensiya |
|
1 691 384 |
1 393 700 416 |
824 |
|
2. Jaldama qyzmetkerler |
|
694 016 |
1 104 179 456 |
1 591 |
|
3. Memlekettik qyzmetkerler |
|
280 400 |
363 118 000 |
1 295 |
|
Ózine ózi jumys isteytinder |
Derbes kiris |
2 678 700 |
4 356 965 316 |
|
|
1. Qalalyq |
jalaqy |
911 601 |
2 286 295 308 |
2 508 |
|
2. Auyldyq |
jalaqy |
1 651 252 |
2 070 670 008 |
1 254 |
|
Lumpen proletariat |
Túraqsyz kiris |
1 380 658 |
|
|
|
Zeynetkerler |
Zeynet aqy |
1 690 500 |
769 177 500 |
455 |
|
Studentter |
stiypendiya |
514 700 |
76 690 300 |
149 |
|
1-17 jasqa deyingi balalar |
|
4 345 648 |
|
|
|
Qazaqstan halqynyng barlyq jiyny |
|
14 851 059 |
|
|
«Dana jol yntaly toby»
«Abay-aqparat»
Jalghasy bar
