Kavkazda VIII-HVII ghasyrlar aralyghynda ómir sýrgen kasah-kashaktar bizding qazaqtyng bir bóligi me, basqa ma? Osy saualdyng naqty jauabyn tabu asa manyzdy nәrse.  Keyingi orys tildi kazaktardyng arghy tegi Qazaq ekenin akademik Bartolid jazghan, ony Múrad Adjy de naqtylaydy. Resey tarihshylary da HIH ghasyrdaghy Don kazaktarynyng eski sózderi kirgiyz-kaysak (qazaq) sózderimen birdey ekenin jazghan. Sol kazaktardyng últtyq kiyimderi kavkazdyqtardikine úqsaydy. Búl olardyng ata-babalary Kavkazdan shyqqan qazaqtar ekenin bayqatady. Resey imperiyasynyng oqymystylary: «Kazaktar Reseyden krepostnoy qúldyqtan qashqan orys-slavyandardan qalyptasty, Don aimaghyndaghy týrki taypalary qosylghandyqtan jәne esh patshagha baghynbay erkin ómir sýrgendikten olar týrkishe «erkin salt atty» úghymyn beretin «kazak» atauymen atalyp ketken» dep sendiruge tyrysty. Kavkazda bolghan kasah-kashak elin «kabardinderding ata-babalary» dep tújyrymdady. Alayda, naqty faktiler orys ghalymdarynyng tújyrymdarynyng jalghan ekenin dәleldeydi. Solargha naqty toqtalsaq:

1, Arab tarihshysy Ibn әl Asir VIII-HIII ghasyrlar arasyndaghy Kavkazdaghy oqighalardy bayanday otyryp ondaghy kasah-kashak elin qypshaq dep kórsetedi, yaghny týrkitildi halyq ekenin aighaqtaydy. Al orystar «kasah-kashaktardyng úrpaghy» deytin kabardinder adyh tildi (adygey-abhaz tilderimen tuys) halyq ekeni belgili. Onyng ýstine, Anna Antonovskayanyng «Velikiy Mouroviy» degen enbeginde qazirgi Gruziyada HVI ghasyrda gruzinderge kórshi qazaq eli otyrghany, ol qazaqtardyng týrki tildi әri jartylay kóshpendi ekeni jazylghan. Osy faktiler grek-arab jazbalarynda «kasah-kashak» dep kezdesetinderding qazaqtar ekenin, olardyng kabardinderge ýsh qaynasa sorpasy qosylmaytynyn aiqyn dәleldeydi. Al olardy ózara tuys deu qazaqtyng erteden bar halyq ekenin jasyru ýshin ghana qajet bolghan.

2, «Kazak» degen el Qyrymgha HIII ghasyrda ornygha bastaghany kóne jylnamalarda jazylghanyn orys tarihshylary moyyndaydy, onyng ýstine Dongha jaqyn aimaqta Kasogta degen kóshpendi el HII ghasyrda ómir sýrgeni kóne rus jylnamalarynan mәlim. Al krepostnoy qúldyq Reseyde naqty HVII ghasyrda (1649 jyl) payda boldy, HVI ghasyrda bolghan degen pikir de bar. Sondyqtan «Kazaktar krepostnoy qúldyqtan qashqan orys sharualary» deuge esh negiz joq. Áriyne, kazaktargha HVIII ghasyrda ishki Reseyden krepostnoy qúldyqtan qashyp kelip qosylghandar boldy. Alayda, olar kazak elin qalyptastyrghan joq, óz eline kelip qosylghan kazaktar. Olar HVI ghasyrda Moskva patshalyghynyng әskeri bolghan kazaktardyng úrpaqtary bolatyn. Ivan Groznyy әskeri «streleskie polki» dep atalghany jәne ol tek kazaktardan jasaqtalghany belgili (kazaktar – Ivan Groznyidyng naghashy júrty). Sol «streleskie polkin» joyyp, ondaghy kazaktardy krepostnoy qúldyqqa satyp jibergen – HVII ghasyrdaghy Petr I patsha. Ekaterina II patsha zamanynda krepostnoy qúldyqtaghy sol kazaktardyng key úrpaghy Dondaghy ata-babalarynyng eline, yaghny Kazak eline qashyp barghan (olardy keyin qaytaru ýshin әiel patsha arnayy әsker jibergen). Osy derekterdi paydalanyp, «Kazaktar qúldyqtan qashqan orys sharualarynan qalyptasty» dep búrmalaydy. «Ótirikting qúiryghy – bir-aq tútam», terenirek zerttesek, múnyng anyq-qanyghyna kóz jetkizu qiyn emes.

Orystardyng últtyq kiyimi men kazaktardyng últtyq kiyimderi bir-birine mýlde úqsamaydy. Dongha jaqyn aimaqta otyrghan qazaqtardyng últtyq kiyimderi de kazaktardyng kiyim ýlgisine jaqyn emes. Resey ghalymdary aitqanday, kazaktar qúldyqtan qashqan orys sharualarynan jәne olargha qosylghan jergilikti týrki taypalarynan qalyptassa, últtyq kiyimderi orys nemese qazaq últtyq kiyimderine jaqyn boluy tiyis edi. Kazaktardyng últtyq kiyimderi kavkazdyqtargha úqsaydy. Demek, olar Don aimaghyna әuelde Kavkazdan kelgen. Áuelgi kazaktardyng týr-týsteri de sary orysqa úqsamaghan, qara týsti kavkazdyqtargha keletin. Ekaterina II patsha zamanynda Dongha ishki Resey orystaryn jappay qonystandyru bastaldy, sonyng nәtiyjesinde kazaktar assimiliyasiyagha týsip orystildi etnosqa ainalghan. Hristiandyqty qabyldap, tek shirkeu-orys tilinde sóileuge mindetti bolghandyqtan, tól ana tilderin (qazaq tilin) joghaltqan. Dini bir orystarmen jappay aralasyp, qyz alysyp, qyz berisken son, kóp kazaktardyng týrleri de orysqa úqsap ózgergen.

Demek kazaktar – hristiandyqty qabyldau arqyly ana tilinen (qazaq tilinen) airylyp, orys tiline kóshuge mәjbýr bolghan qazaqtar. Orys tilinde «q» әribi bolmaghandyqtan, «qazaq» atauy «kazak» bolyp ózgergen. Olar – Kavkazdaghy qazaq elining HI ghasyrdan keyin Don aimaghyna qonys audarghandarynyng úrpaqtary. Kazaktardyng ata-babasy – kavkazdyq qazaqtar, al kavkazdyq qazaqtar – VII ghasyrda qazirgi Qazaqstan dalasynan Kavkazgha barghan aziyattar (Zakavkazieni 626 jyly «qysyq kózdi, jalpaq betti» aziyattar basyp alghany tarihshylargha mәlim). Olay bolsa, qazaq halqy VII ghasyrda óz jerinde óz atauymen bolghany aqiqat. Al Kavkazdaghy Qazaq eli – bizding halyqtyng ajyramas bir bóligi. Osy faktining ózi qazaq tarihshylary Qúranday senip jýrgen Dulaty men Qashhary jazbalarynyng jalghan ekenin, ol enbekter qazaqtyng erteden bar ekenin jasyru ýshin arnayy dayyndalghanyn dәleldeydi.

Zakavkazieni 626 jyly jaulap barghan Batys Týrki qaghanaty әskeri dep tanylatyn. Olar qazirgi bizding daladan barghan jәne Hazar qaghanatyn ornatqan. Reseylikter olardy hazarlar dep tújyrymdaghan. Sondyqtan Zakavkaziege barghan qazaqtar jayly aitpas búryn, әueli hazarlar jayyn anyqtap alu qajet. Endeshe hazarlar jayly derekterdi sholyp ótelik:

«Vo dny ego (Kobad, pravil 489-531 g.) vystupily hazary y vtorglisi v ego stranu y doshly do Dinavera. Y poslal Kobad protiv nih voenachalinika, odnogo iz svoih velikih voenachalinikov, vo glave dvenadsaty tysyach (voinov). Y vstupil on v stranu Arrana y zavoeval to, chto mejdu rekoy, izvestnoy (pod nazvaniyem) Arras do Shirvana. Vsled za tem, Kobad dvinulsya za nim y postroil v Arrane gorod Baylakan y gorod Barda’u, glavnyy gorod vsego kraya, y drugiye. A hazary ostalisi (tam). Zatem on postroil pregradu Allana mejdu oblastiu Shirvana y vorotamy Allana. Y postroil nad pregradoy mnogo gorodov, kotorye byly razrusheny posle postroyky Bab-al abuaba...»  (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey).

Múnda Irandy Kobad biylegen zamanda (489-531 jyldar arasy) hazarlardyng Irangha basyp kirgenin, olardyng Dinaver degen jerge deyin jetkenin aitady. Ol zamanda Iran men Eftalidter jii qaqtyghysqan, eftalidter iyeligi Irangha kórshi qazirgi Týrkimeniya aimaghynda bolghany belgili. Al at-Tabary men Prokopiy jazbalary Kobadtyng biylikke eftalidter kómegimen kelgenin, 506 jyldary Vizantiyamen soghysta eftalidter kómegine sýiengenin, alayda Kobad pen eftalidtter birde odaqtas bolsa, birde jaulasyp otyrghanyn kórsetedi. Eftalidter sol ghasyrlarda qazirgi Aughanystan aumaghynda biyledi, ondaghy Hazarey halqy sol zamanda barghan hazar taypasynan qalyptasqan desek, qatelespeymiz (jergilikti pushtun, dary halyqtary yqpalymen keyin jartylay iran tildi bolyp ketken). Hazar – qazirgi týrkimender qúramyndaghy ýlken taypa. Osy derekter hazarlardyng qazirgi Týrkimenstan aimaghynan shyqqanyn aighaqtaydy. Yaghni, Irangha basyp kirgen hazar taypasy eftalitter әskeri bolghan. Kobad olargha myqty qolbasshysyn ýlken әskerimen jibergen, sosyn Iran әskeri Zakavkaziede Araks ózeni men Shirvan aimaghy arasyn jaulap alghan. Kobad sol jerlerde shekaralyq bekinis qamaldar saldyrghan jәne hazarlar sonda qalghan. Alayda, Kobad hazarlardy Iran jerinen quyp, Zakavkaziege ketuge mәjbýr etti me, әlde hazarlardy baghyndyryp, Savir eline qarsy joryqqa qoldandy ma, osy jaghy týsiniksiz. Ibn әl Asir jazbasynyng arabsha týpnúsqasyn tikeley qazaqshagha audarsa kóp nәrse aiqyn bolar edi. Al biz amalsyz orystar óz qajetterine qaray búrmalap audarghan qújattargha jýginip otyrmyz. Qalay bolghanda da, Ibn әl Asir hazarlardyng qazirgi Azerbayjan aimaghyna Kobad zamanynda (VI ghasyrda) ornyqqanyn aiqyn kórsetedi.

Sol kezde Kavkazda hristian dindi Savir patshalyghy ómir sýrdi. Prokopiy jazbasynda Aziyadan kelgen Ivir eli dep tanbalanghan, al reseylikter Ivir elin әuelgi Gruzin knyazdigi dep týsindiredi (osynyng ózi Savir patshalyghy Zakavkaziede bolghanyn aighaqtaydy). Prokopiy jazbasy Savir biyleushisi Kurgen 523 jyly Kobad әskeri qysymynan Vizantiyagha qashqanyn bayandaydy, tarihshylar da Iran әskeri sol jyldary Savir әskerin talqandaghanyn aitady. Yaghni, VI ghasyrdyng basynda (523 jyly) Kobad әskeri Zakavkaziedegi Savir patshalyghynyng key aimaghyn jaulap alghany anyq. Ibn әl Asirding «Araks ózeni aralyghy men Shirvangha deyin»,  «Kobad onda Baylakan men Bardau qalalaryn saldy», «al hazarlar (sonda) qaldy» degen derekteri ol aimaqtyng qazirgi Azerbayjannyng ontýstik-shyghys ólkesi ekenin anghartady. Osylaysha arab tarihshysy hazarlardyng VI ghasyrda qazirgi Týrkimenstannan Irangha kelgenin, sosyn Iran әskeri qysymynan Arran eline barghanyn rastaydy. Naqtyraq aitsaq, hazarlar VI ghasyrda (523 jyly) Zakavkaziege ornyqqan. Ol kezde Armeniya Iran elining qúramynda bolghan, qazirgi Azerbayjan jeri Arran dep atalghan, al Azerbayjan dep ol tústa Irandaghy qazirgi Ontýstik Azerbayjan aimaghy aitylghan.

Kobad 531 jyly qaytys bolady, ornyna úly Hosroy Anushirvan patsha bolghan (531-579 jyldar arasy). Ibn әl Asir sol Hosroy Anushirvan zamanynda abhaz, bandjar, balandjar degender Iran eline joryq jasaghanyn, olar әueli Armeniyany basyp alghanyn bylay bayandaydy: «Y sobralisi abhazsy y bandjar y balandjar s seliu (napasti) na ego (Hosroy Anushirvan, pravil 531-579 g) stranu y napravilisi v Arminii, chtoby napasti na ee jiyteley, a puti (tuda) byl legkiym. Y dal im (Hosroy) vremya (do teh por), poka ony ne uglubilisi v stranu. Y poslal protiv nih voyska y ony srajalisi s nimy y unichtojily iyh, za isklucheniyem desyaty tysyach chelovek, kotorye byly vzyaty v plen y poseleny v Azerbaydjane» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Mine, Hosroy Anushirvan olardy óz elining ishine boylap engenshe tiymegen, sosyn ýlken әskermen baryp soghysyp jengen, olardyng aman qalghandaryn Azerbayjangha qonystandyrghan (Irandaghy Shyghys Azerbayjan ólkesine). Tarihshylardyng pikirinshe, Iran jerine shabuyl jasaghan Savir әskeri jәne búl oqigha 556 jyly bolghan. Ibn әl Asir jazbasynyng orysshasynda abhaz, bandjar, balandjar dep kórsetilgender Savir patshalyghyndaghy halyqtar atauy, olardyng arabsha týpnúsqadaghy ataulary abhaz, jurjan, avar nemese alan nemese qúmyq boluy yqtimal. Óitkeni, Savir patshalyghynyng óz halqy – jurjandar (jujan) jәne ol aimaqta alan, abar, abhaz, qúmyqtar mekendegeni Ál Masudy derekterinen belgili. Qalay bolghanda da olardyng arasynda hazar degen joq (at-Tabarany men Prokopiy derekterinde de olardyng arasynda hazarlar bary jazylmaghan). Irangha Armeniya aimaghy arqyly shabuyldaulary olardyng Tbilisy aimaghynan shyqqanyn bayqatady. Al hazarlar qazirgi Azerbayjannyng shyghys-ontýstigine ornyqqanyn aittyq (Araks ózeninen Shirvangha deyin). Hosroy Anushirvan olardyng el aimaghyna boylap enuin kýtken, sosyn olardy týgelge juyq qyryp salghan. Kelgen jaghyna sheginip qashar mýmkindikteri bolmaghan, olardyng tu syrtynan soqqy berip sheginer jerlerin jauyp tastaghan hazarlar boluy mýmkin. Hosroy olardy qyryp salghany, bar bolghany on myng adamdy aman qaldyrghany jazylghan derek Savir әskerinde kem degende 40-50 mynday adam bolghanyn bayqatady. Osy soghys nәtiyjesinde Savir patshalyghy qatty әlsirep, kóp úzamay tolyq joyyldy. Al halqy qazirgi Gruziya aimaghyndaghy kishi Kavkaz tauyna ketip aman qalghan. Óitkeni, gruziyn-orys tarihshylary Prokopiy deregindegi Ivir (Saviyr) elin Gruziya knyazdigi dep tanidy jәne gruzinderding әuelde jurzan dep atalghany mәlim.

Savir imperiyasyn ornatqan Gunn biyleushileri jәne savirler Kavkazgha IV ghasyrda bizding daladan barghany belgili. Sol Jujan qaghanaty zamanynda Kaspiy teniz Jurjan dep ataldy. Olay bolsa Savir memleketin ornatqan – jujandar (jurjan), olar Savir patshalyghynyng negizgi halqy boldy. Gruzinder erteden óz aimaghynda otyrdy, olar eshqashan Soltýstik Kavkazdy nemese Daghystandy mekendemegen. Demek, Savir patshalyghy Zakavkaziede ómir sýrgen. Alayda Resey ghalymdary әdetterinshe derekterdi óz qajetterine búrmalap týsindiredi. Olar: «Hazarlar 556 jyldary Savir әskeri qúramynda Daghystannan baryp Irandy shabuyldady, olardy jengen Hosroy hazarlardyng bir bóligin Zakavkaziege qonystandyrdy» dep týsindiredi. Osylaysha Kobad biylegen zamanda bolghan oqigha (523 jyl) men onyng balasy Hosroy Anushirvan zamanyndaghy oqighany (556 jyl) birtútas kórsetuge tyrysady (arasy – 33 jyl). Anyghynda, hazar taypasy Kobad zamanynda, shamamen 523 jyly Zakavkaziege ornyqqan. Olar Kobad patsha savirlerden tartyp alghan jerge – Araks ózeni men Shirvan arasyndaghy ólkege qonystanghanyn Ibn әl Asir jazady. Savir patshalyghy óz jerlerin tartyp alyp ornyqqan hazarlargha jau bolghany, sol sebepten hazarlar Iranmen odaqtasqany anyq. Irangha shabuyl jasaghan Savir әskerinde hazarlardyng bolmauy sonyng aighaghy. Hazarlar kerisinshe, Irannyng odaqtasy retinde olardyng tu syrtynan soqqy bergen boluy mýmkin (sol kómekteri ýshin hazarlargha savirler jerine, Tbilisiyge deyingi aimaqqa qonystanugha Hosroy rúhsat etken bolar).

Hosroy Anushirvan zamanynda Savir patshalyghy tolyq joyylyp, Tbilisy qalasy irandyqtar qolyna ótken. Sol soghystarda Hosroy Anushirvan әskeri hazarlar bolghan siyaqty. Óitkeni, sodan keyingi ghasyrlar jayly derekterde Kaspiy tenizinen Tbilisiyge deyingi aimaqta hazarlar otyrghany jazylady (Ál Masudi, Ibn әl Asir derekteri). Savir patshalyghy joyylghan son, Zakavkaziede hazarlar negizgi kýshke ainalghan. Hosroy patsha Savir patshalyghy ornynda Hazar patshalyghy payda boluynan qoryqqan. Onyng Zakavkaziedegi әr halyqqa jeke patsha saylap, kóptegen jeke knyazdikter ornatuy sonyng aighaghy (ol knyazdikter oryssha audarmada prestol, filanshah, lakzov, maskat dep kezdesedi, onyng biri arabsha týpnúsqada «hazar» boluy әbden mýmkin). Hosroy Anushirvan hazarlar kýsheyse Iran qalalaryn tonaugha kóshetinin jaqsy týsingen. Sol hazar joryqtarynyng aldyn alu ýshin Iran men Zakavkazie shekarasynda myqty qorghandar men qalalar saldyrghanyn, onyng eng negizgisi – әl-Bab qalasy men onyng tau men teniz arasyna salynghan qorghany. Reseylikter әl-Bab dep qazirgi Derbent qalasyn kórsetedi. Osylaysha «Hazarlar qazirgi Daghystan aumaghynda otyrghan, al Iran men hazarlar shekarasy qazirgi Daghystan men Azerbayjan shekarasy manynda bolghan» degen týsinik qalyptastyrdy (orystardyng tújyrymyna say derek beretin Prokopiy jazbasynda ol jer «Kaspiyskiy prohod» dep kórsetilgen. Teniz keyingi ghasyrlarda ghana Kaspiy dep atalghanyn eskersek, onda Prokopiy jazbasy Resey tarapynan búrmalanyp ózgergenin týsinemiz). Shyndyghynda, әl-Bab qalasy qazirgi Iran men Azerbayjan memleketteri shekarasyna jaqyn manda bolghanyn Ibn әl Asirding mynau derekteri anyq dәleldeydi: «Y postroil Kobad stenu, priylegaiyshuiy k odnoy chasty toy mestnosti. Kogda je on skonchalsya, sarem stal ego syn Anushirvan, polojenie ego ukrepilosi y sovershil pohod v Ferganu Burradjan, on, po vozvrashenii, postroil gorod Shabaran y gorod Maskat y gorod al-Bab-v-al-abuab, kotoryy byl nazvan Yabuab potomu, chto on byl postroen na doroge v goru. Y postroil drugiye, krome etiyh, goroda y dlya kajdyh vorot prohoda on postroil kamennyy zamok. Y postroil Anushirvan stenu, s morya, y provel ee po vershinam gor y ustroil nad ney jeleznye vorota y naznachil ludey dlya ee ohrany. Y vybral Anushirvan sarey, kotoryh on raspredelil po raznym oblastyam, y mejdu nimy vladeteli Prestola y Filanshaha y Lakzov y Maskata y drugiyh. Y ostavalasi Arminiya v rukah persov do poyavleniya islama... Pokonchiv s al-Babom, Suraka poslal Bukayra ibn-'Abdallaha, y Habiba ibn-Maslamy, y Huzayfu ibn-Usayda y Salimana ibn-Rabi'y k naselenii teh gor, kotorye okrujait Arminii; pry etom Bukayra on poslal v Mukan, Habiba – v Tifliys, Huzayfu – v gory allan y Salimana – v druguy storonu.  ...V etom je, 762 godu vosstaly turky y hazary v Bab-ali-abuabe y ubily bolishoe chislo musuliman v Arminiiy...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»)

Ibn әl Asirding osy ýsh deregi әl-Bab qalasy Armeniyagha kórshi ornalasqanyn aighaqtaydy (Derbent qalasy men Armeniya kórshi emesi anyq). Ál-Bab qalasy Armeniyagha kórshi ekenin H ghasyrdaghy arab tarihshysy әri geografy Ál Masudy de jazady. Osy geograf-ghalym әl-Bab qalasy Kavkaz tauynyng Kaspiy tenizine (Hazar) tirelgen sileminde ornalasqanyn, taudyng ekinshi shetindegi silemi Qara tenizge (jaghasynda Trabzon qalasy ornalasqan) tireletinin anyq kórsetedi: «Odny iz otrogov gory, kak my uje skazali, podhodit k Hazarskomu moru okolo al-Baba. Drugoy otrog iydet k upominavshemusya moru Maytas, kuda vyhodit Konstantinopoliskiy proliyv. Na etom more lejit Trapezond, pribrejnyy gorod...» (Al Masudy «Istoriya – Shirvana y Al Baba»). Osy derektegi Trapezond qalasy ol taudyng kishi Kavkaz tauy ekenin aiqyn dәleldeydi. Yaghni, әl-Bab qalasy kishi Kavkaz tauynyng Kaspiy tenizine tireler túsynda bolghan. Aqiqattyghyn ghalymdar moyyndaghan osy eki arabsha jazba Derbent qalasy әl-Bab qalasy emesin, Hazar qaghanaty әuelden Zakavkaziede bolghanyn, músylman әskeri kelgenge deyin Hazar qaghanaty men Iran shekarasy Armeniyagha kórshi jatqanyn aiqyn rastaydy. Osylaysha reseylikterding «Hazar qaghanaty aimaghyna Daghystan men Povolijiya jәne Batys Qazaqstan kirdi» degen tújyrymy tolyq jalghan ekenin kóremiz.  

Ibn әl Asir Týrki qaghanaty әskerinin, yaghny qazaqtardyng VII ghasyrda Zakavkazieni jaulap alghanyn bylay bayandaydy: «Kogda je vosarilsya Hosroy, on postroil v okruge Sula y Djorajana mnogo postroek y ukreplennye zamki, kotorymy on ukrepil vsu stranu. Y napravilsya hakan Sindjibur v ego stranu. Eto byl velichayshiy iz turok y on privlek na svoi storonu hazar, abhazsev y balandjara y ony podchinilisi emu. Y vystupil on (hakan) vo glave bolishogo chisla (voinov) y napisal Hosroi, trebuya s nego podati y ugrojaya emu, esly on (etogo) ne sdelaet. No Hosroy ne udovletvoril ny odnoy iz ego prosib, tak kak on ukrepil svoi stranu y ukrepil oblasti Arminiy tak, chto ona mogla dovolistvovatisya (dlya svoey zashity) nebolishim chislom (voinov). Y povernul hakan v svoY stranu, ne dostigshy svoey seli, tak kak on ne mog nichego sdelati...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey).

Osy derektegi Hosroy men Hosroy Anushirvan eki bólek adam. Bireui – biyleushi Hosroy Parviyz. Ol 570-628 jyldar arasynda biylik etken, Hosroy Anushirvannyng nemeresi. Derekte týrki hany Sindjiburdyng әueli hazar, abhaz, balandjarlardy baghyndyrghany, sosyn Irangha jasaghan joryghy iske aspaghany, óitkeni Hosroydyng aldyn ala Armeniya aimaghyndaghy shekarasyn qorghandarmen kýsheytip qoyghany kórsetilgen. Osyndaghy abhaz, hazar, balandjarlar men Iran shekarasy retinde Armeniya aimaghy kórsetilui oqighanyng Zakavkaziede bolghanyn aiqyn dәleldeydi. Sindjibur – Týrki qaghanatynyng ókili, al Týrki qaghanaty әskeri Zakavkaziege VII ghasyrdyng aldynghy jartysynda ghana, anyghyraq aitsaq 626 jyly barghanyn tarihshylar moyyndaydy. Hosroy Anushirvan ol zamanda ómirde bolghan joq, 579 jyly qaytys bolyp ketken. Demek, Sindjibur shabuyly zamanyndaghy Iran biyleushisi Hosroy Parviz ekeni anyq. Resey ghalymdary bolsa, Hosroy Anushirvan men onyng nemeresi Hosroy Parvizding esimderi birdey ekenin paydalanyp, ekeuin bir adamday kórsetedi. Osylaysha Týrki hany Sindjibur joryghy Hosroy Anushirvan zamanynda bolghanday búrmalaydy. Olar esh dәlelsiz Sindjibur han men Istemy qaghan bir adam dep tújyrymdap, Istemy qaghannyng eftalid elin (qaәzirgi Týrkimenstan aumaghyn) jaulap aluy men Sindjibur hannyng Zakavkazieni jaulap aluyn bir oqigha etip búrmalaydy. Ótirikterin ashatyn Ibn әl Asir jazbasyn senimsiz etip kórsetu ýshin «Ibn әl Asir derekterdi Iran jazbalarynan kóshire salghan» deydi. Sosyn 626 jyly Zakavkazieni basyp alghan týrki hanynyng esimin basqasha ataydy (ózderi búrmalaghan iran-vizantiya jazbalaryn paydalanady). Alayda, europalyqtar alghash bayqap, óz tilderine audaryp ýlgergen, sol sebepten orys oqymystylary búrmalay almaghan Ibn әl Asir jazbasy shyndyq tipti basqa ekenin dәleldeydi. Ol Sindjibur hannyng Zakavkazieni basyp alghanyn, sodan song Armeniya aimaghy arqyly Irangha joryq jasaugha tyrysqanyn anyq kórsetedi. Osy derekter qazirgi Týrkimenstan aumaghyn jaulap alghan Istemy qaghannyng Sindjibur han emestigin anghartady. Búdan Resey tarihshylarynyng euraziyalyq halyqtar tarihyn jýieli týrde ózgertkenin, ótkendi hristiandyq imperiya sayasatyna say qayta búrmalap jazghandaryn taghy bayqaymyz.

Ibn әl Asir hazarlardy Sindjibur hannyng әskeri demeydi, kerisinshe Sindjiburdyng abhaz, balandjarlarmen birge, hazarlardy da baghyndyrghanyn aitady. Osy derek Sindjibur bizding daladan baryp Zakavkazieni basyp alghanda hazarlar sol aimaqta otyrghan jergilikti halyq ekenin kórsetedi. Sindjibur han Iran eline attanghan, alayda Hosroy Parvizding el shekarasyna ornatqan myqty qorghandary oghan kedergi bolghan. Sindjibur óz eline qaytty degeni onyng Irangha bet alghan joryghyn toqtatyp, Zakavkaziege, yaghny ózi ornatqan Hazar qaghanaty aimaghyna oralghanyn dәleldeydi. Hosroy Parvizding Armeniya aimaghynyng qorghanysyn kýsheytkeni Iran men Hazar qaghanaty shekarasy Armeniya aimaghynda ekenin taghy bayqatady. Ol zamanda (620 jyldary) Týrki qaghanaty ekige ydyrap, Ashina dinastiyasy qazirgi Qazaqstan aimaghyndaghy biyliginen airylghanyn, ol aimaqta Jujandyq súrbóras-shiybórash dinastiyasy On Aq Týtin qaghanatyn (Batys Týrki qaghanaty) ornatqanyn aldynghy maqalamyzda jazghanbyz. Sindjibur han – sol Týrki Ashina dinastiyasynyng ókili, biylikten airylghan song qazaq halqynyng ózine baghynyshty bóligin ertip Kavkazgha ketken. Demek, VII ghasyrda qazaqtardy Zakavkaziege bastap barghan – Sindjibur han. Ol sol jerdegi hazar, abhaz, qúmyq, alan tәrizdi jergilikti halyqtardy baghyndyryp, óz memleketin ornatqan (Hazar qaghanaty). Zakavkazede hazarlar basym bolghandyqtan jәne parsylar VI ghasyrdan ol jerdi «Hazarlar iyeligi» dep tanyghandyqtan, Sindjibur han ornatqan memleket Hazar qaghanaty bolyp tariyhqa endi. Anyghynda ony ornatqan qazaqtar bolatyn, ol zamandarda arabtar qazaqtardy «týrki» dep te ataghan. Óitkeni, Ibn әl Asir ortaaziyalyq qalalar túrghyndary men Zakavkaziedegi hazarlardy «týrkiler» dep atamaydy. Ol «týrkiler» dep jalpaq bet, kózi qysyq dala halqyn aitady. Zakavkaziege qazirgi qazaq dalasynan barghan qysyq kóz, jalpaq bet aziyattar ekenin ghalymdar bir auyzdan moyyndaydy, tek orys oqymystylary ghana olardy esh dәlelsiz «hazarlar» dep búrmalaydy.

Sindjibur han Asylúyanyng Týrki Ashina dinastiyasynan. Óitkeni, ghalymdar Hazar qaghanatyn Týrki Ashina toby biylegenin aitady. Aldynghy maqalalarymyzdyng birinde Týrki Ashinalar Súrbóras tobyn «shiybórash» dep atap ketkeni jәne ózderin «bórshi» dep ataghany jayly aitqanbyz («shiybórashty aulaytyn bórishi» degen maghynada). Sondyqtan Sindjibur han esimi dúrysynda – Asúyanshybóri. Arabsha jazyluy:  اثيانشيبورى Asyanshiburi, ثيندشيبورى – Sindshibur. Shyndyghynda, hazarlardyng VI ghasyrda (523 jyly) Zakavkaziege qonystanghanyn osy Ibn әl Asir derekterinen kórsettik. Olay bolsa, VII ghasyrda (626 jyly) Zakavkazieni jaulap alghan qazaqtar. Onda VIII ghasyrda Qazaq degen bekinis-qala bolghany, Vizantiya imperatorynyng IH ghasyrda Zakavkazie dalasyn «strana Kasahiya» dep kórsetui sonyng dәleli. Reseylikter: «Hazar qaghanaty VII ghasyrda qazirgi Daghystanda ornaghan» deydi, al Ibn әl Asir VII ghasyrda ol aimaqty Daghystan dep óz atauymen jazady: «Y napisal on saru Djurdjana, Zernan-Sulu, y tot otvetil emu y zakluchil s nim otnosiytelino Djurdjana miyr, po kotoromu on platiti djiziu s tem, chtoby Suvayd prekratil voynu s Djurdjanom y okazal emu pomoshi v sluchae, esly on, Zernan-Sul, budet pobejden. Suvayd (On ostavalsya tam) do teh por, poka ne sobral haradj y ne poznakomilsya s granisamy ego (Djurdjana), dlya zashity kotoryh on pristavil turok iz Dahistana, prichem teh, kogo on naznachil dlya ih zashity, on osvobodil ot djizii, togda kak s ostalinyh on ee vzyskal. Govoryat, chto zavoevanie ih bylo v 639 godu.... V. 729 godu turky vtorglisi v Azerbaydjan, gde ih vstretil al-Hars ibn-‘Amru y obratil ih v begstvo. Al-Djarrah vstupil v stranu hazar so storony Tiflisa, zavoeval ih gorod al-Bayd'a y vozvratilsya blagopoluchno...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Jogharyda Jurjan (gruziyn) patshasy óz elin hazarlardan qorghau ýshin arab qolbasshysy Suvaydtan kómek súraghany jәne salyq tólep túrugha uәde bergeni, Suvaydtyng Dahistan («taghystan» – «jabayy el» degen maghyna) aumaghy týrkilerin Hazar qaghanaty men Jurjan patshalyghy shekarasyna ornalastyrghany bayandalghan. Osy derekten músylman halifaty qazirgi Azerbayjan aumaghyn VII ghasyrda Hazar qaghanatynan tartyp alghanyn, kishi Kavkaz tauyndaghy Jurjan (gruziyn) eli de halifat biyligin moyyndaghanyn jәne Hazar qaghanaty men músylman halifaty shekarasy Tbilisy aimaghy bolghanyn kóremiz (Hazar qaghanaty Kolhida dalasy men Qara teniz jәne Azov tenizi jaghalaryna deyingi aimaqta saqtalyp qalghan). Al Daghystan sol zaman óz ataumen bolghan. Ol jerde Hazar qaghanaty bolsa adamdaryn «hazarlar» dep jazar edi.  Óitkeni, Ibn әl Asirding derekteri hazar men týrkiler odaqtas bolghanymen, eki bólek el ekenin aiqyn kórsetedi: «Tem vremenem turky obedinilisi s hazaramy y vstupily s musulimanamy v krovoprolitnui voynu. V etom, 652 godu hazary y turky oderjaly pobedu nad musulimanamiy.... V etom, 722 godu odna musulimanskaya armiya, vo glave kotoroy stoyal Sabit an-Naharany vstupila v stranu hazar so storony Arminii. Sobravshisi v ocheni bolishom kolichestve, hazary, kotorym na pomoshi prishly kipchaky y drugie turkskie plemena, vstretily musuliman v meste, izvestnom pod nazvaniyem «Lug kamney...» V etom, 730 godu byl ubit al-Djarrah al-Hakamy ibn-'Abdallaha. Posle togo kak al-Djarrah obratil hazar y turok v begstvo, ony snova yavilisi so storony Allana...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Ibn әl Asir músylman әskerining VIII ghasyrda Armeniya aimaghynan Hazar qaghanatyna shabuyl jasaghanyn bayandaydy. Osy derek Hazar qaghanaty Armeniyagha kórshi qazirgi Gruziyada ornalasqanyn, yaghny Hazar qaghanaty Daghystanda emesin taghy dәleldeydi. Sol soghysta hazarlargha qypshaqtar kómekteskenin aitady, yaghny osy jerde týrkilerdi «qypshaq» atauymen kórsetken. Onyng «qypshaq» dep otyrghany – qazaq, arabsha týpnúsqada «qazaq» dep anyq tanbalanuy әbden mýmkin. Resey oqymystylary «qypshaqtardy Gruzin patshasy David HI ghasyrda soltýstiktegi daladan shaqyryp alghan» deytini mәlim. Al Ibn әl Asir bolsa, odan 300 jyl búryn (VIII ghasyrda) Zakavkaziede hazarlar men qypshaqtar birigip arab-músylman әskerimen soghysqanyn aitady. Sol aimaqta «Qazaq» atauly jerler kóp saqtalghany, al «qypshaq» atauy mýlde joqtyghy, olardyng qypshaq emes qazaq dep atalghan el ekenin dәleldeydi.

Arab tarihshysy әri geografy Ál Masudy H ghasyrdaghy Hazar qaghanaty jayly kóp qúndy derekter qaldyrghan. Ol Hazar qaghanatynyng әuelgi astanasy Samandar ekenin, ol aimaqty músylmandar basyp alghanda memleket ortalyghy Qara tenizge jaqyn Amal qalasyna kóshirilgenin jazghan. Sonymen qatar Qyrymda urus pen sakalban (rus, sakaliba) elderi otyrghanyn, al qazirgi Don aimaghy Úly Búlghar patshalyghy jeri ekenin de mәlimdegen. Sol qújattardan Don aimaghynda, yaghny Úly Búlghar patshalyghynda kóshpeli qazaqtar da bolghanyn kóremiz: «Zdesi nahodyatsya horosho snaryajennye ludy hazarskogo sarya. [Ih zadacha] okazyvati soprotivlenie kajdomu, kto iydet s etogo morya ily s toy storony zemli, chasty kotoroy prostiraitsya ot Hazarskogo morya do Nitas (Chernogo morya). Eto potomu, chto turkskie kochevniki— guzy prihodily zimovati v etih mestah. Inogda rukav, kotoryy soedinyaet reku hazar s prolivom Ponta, zamerzaet, y guzy s ih konyamy perepravlyaytsya cherez nego. Eto bolishaya voda, no ona ne rasstupaetsya pod nimy potomu, chto [zimoy] ona krepnet, kak kameni. Tak guzy prohodily na hazarskuy territorii, y neredko, kogda ludy hazarskogo sarya, postavlennye zdesi dlya otrajeniya guzov, ne mogly uderjati iyh, vystupal sam sari, chtoby vosprepyatstvovati ih prohojdenii po lidu y otognati ih ot svoego sarstva; no letom dlya turkov net puty dlya perepravy...» (Al Masudy – «Istoriya Shirvana y Al Baba»). Áriyne reseylik audarmashy olardy «kochevniky guzi» dep kórsetken. Alayda, «Drevne russkie letopisi» degen jazbalar HI ghasyrda ol aimaqta kóshpendi Kasogta eli bolghanyn bayandaydy. Kóne urus jazbasyndaghy «Kasogta» dúrysynda «Kasahtar» degen oryndy, yaghny «kochevniky Kasogta» – kóshpendi Qazaqtar.

Ál Masudy jazbasynyng arabshasyndaghy «ghazaq» atauyn orysshada «guzi» dep búrmalaghan (arabta «g» әrpi joq, «gh» әrpin orysshada «g» dep jazghan). Arabsha jazylulary: غذق – ghazaq, غذى – ghuzi. Demek, Don aimaghyn qazaqtar erteden mekendegen, shamasy olar Týrki qaghanaty әskeri retinde VII ghasyrda Kavkazgha jәne Qara teniz manyndaghy dalagha baryp ornyqqan. Endi Ál Masudiyding Kaspiy men Qara teniz arasyndaghy aimaq (qazirgi Azerbayjan, Gruziya, Shyghys Daghystan jәne Abhaziya jerleri) halyqtary jayly derekterine kóz jýgirtsek: «Vernemsya teperi k opisanii al-Bab val-abvaba y plemen, jivushih poblizosty ot Steny y gory Kabh (Kavkaz). My skazali, chto vredneyshim iz takih sosednih narodov yavlyaetsya knyajestvo Djidan. Ego sari — musulimaniyn, kotoryy zayavlyaet, budto on arab iz [plemeni] Kahtan. V nastoyashee vremya, a iymenno v 943 godu, on izvesten kak Salifan, y v ego gosudarstve net drugih musuliman, krome nego, ego syna y semiiy.... Mejdu Djidanom y al-Babom jivut musulimane araby, kotorye ne govoryat horosho ny na kakom yazyke, krome arabskogo. Ony jivut na graniyse s sarstvom Djidan, no zashiysheny ot nego zaroslyamy y rekami. Ot nih do goroda al-Bab okolo treh mili, y jiytely al-Bab prihodyat im na pomoshi.

So storony Kabha y Sarira Djidan granichit s [zemley] sarya, nazyvaemogo B.rzban, kotoryy musulimaniyn, y gorod ego nazyvaetsya K.r.dj. (*Karah). Ony voorujeny bulavami. Kajdyy praviyteli etogo sarstva zovetsya B.rzban. Za etoy zemley lejit vladenie Gumiyk. Ego jiytely – hristiane – ne podchinyaitsya nikakomu saru, no iymeiyt nachalinikov y jivut v miyre s sarstvom Alan. Zatem v storonu Sarira y gor – vladenie Zarika-ran (Ziriyh-Garan), chto oznachaet “Mastera kolichug”, potomu chto bolishinstvo iz nih delaet kolichugi, stremena, uzdechki, mechy y drugie rody orujiya iz jeleza. Ony ispoveduit razlichnye religii: islam, hristianstvo y iudeystvo. Ih strana goristaya, y eto zashishaet ih ot sosedey. Zatem iydet [vladeniye] sarya Sarira, kotoryy zovetsya Filan-shah (Kilan-shah?) y ispoveduet hristianstvo. Ego staly nazyvati “Vladeteli trona”, a ego stolisa nazyvalasi Hunzah. Ego strana surovaya, y po etoy prichiyne nedostupnaya, buduchy raspolojena na odnom iz otrogov Kabha. Sari sovershaet napadeniya na hazar y oderjivaet pobedy nad nimi, potomu chto ony na ravniyne, a on v gorah...» (Al Masudy – «Istoriya Shirvana y Al Baba»).

Ál Bab qalasy, shamamen qazirgi Lenkoron qalasyna jaqyn aimaqta, al Djidan degen búzaqy el (evrey eli) qazirgi Azerbayjannyng Terter men Bardin audandary aumaghynda bolghanyn anghardyq. Al músylman Barzban patsha eli degeni – músylman Qazaq eli. Óitkeni, oryssha audarmada Karadj jәne Karah dep eki týrli núsqamen kórsetilgen qala – qazirgi Qazaq qalasy.  Arabsha jazylulary: كزح – kazah,  كرح – karah,  كرج – karadj  (Qazaq qalasy ekenin moyyndasa, onda әl-Bab qalasy Daghystanda emesin de moyyndaugha mәjbýr bolatyndaryn orystar jaqsy týsinedi). El biyleushisin oryssha «Barzban» dep audarypty, ol dúrysynda «Badshan» (patsha) boluy mýmkin. Batys qazaqtary, onyng ishinde Kavkazda anyq bolghan adaylar biyleushini «Badsha» dep ataydy («han» demeydi). Arabsha jazylulary: بارذبان  – barzban,  باضشان – badshan. Olardyng qaruy «bulava» eken, Don kazaktary da osy qarudy ústaghan (kazaktar – Kavkazdan barghan qazaqtar ekenin aittyq). Olardyng kórshileri hristian dindi Qúmyq (gumiyk) eli eken (olardyng huni halqynyng qúman taypasynan qalyptasqanyn aldynghy maqalalarymyzdyng birinde jazghanbyz). Ibn әl Asir deregi de Qazaq qalasy VIII ghasyrda bolghanyn (oryssha audarmada «hayzah» dep kórsetilgen) jәne oghan kórshi Qúmyq eli otyrghanyn aighaqtaydy: «V 738 godu Mervan ibn-Muhammeda ibn-Mervana, buduchy praviytelem Arminii, sovershil pohod; on ... vtorgsya v Gumik — ukreplennyy zamok, v kotorom nahodilisi dochi sarya y ego prestol. Sari bejal ot nego y pribyl v zamok po iymeny Hayzah, v kotorom nahodilsya zolotoy prestol...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Ol Qazaq pen Qúmyq elin basyp alghan adamnyng Armeniya aimaghy biyleushisi ekenin aitady. Búl Qúmyq eli ol zaman Daghystanda emes qazirgi Azerbayjanda bolghanyn aighaqtaydy. Qazirgi Qazaq qalasy da solay ekenine kuә, óitkeni Ál Masudy men Ibn әl Asir de Qúmyq eli osy qalagha kórshi ekenin anyq jazady. Osy Qazaq qalasy HV ghasyrdan bastap Resey imperiyasy basyp alghan HIH ghasyrgha deyin Qazaq súltanatynyng astanasy boldy (HIH ghasyrda Europada qazaq kilemderi zor súranysqa ie bolghany belgili).

Ibn әl Asir Shynghyshan әskerining qazirgi Azerbayjannan Gruzin (kurdj) eline jasaghan joryghyna jergilikti zakavkazielik qazaqtar da qatysqanyn bylay sóz etedi: «Ony (tatary Chingishana) dvinulisi y poshly v stranu kurdjov. K nim prisoedinilsya turkskiy memluk po iymeny Akush, kotoryy sobral v bolishom chisle jiyteley teh gor y pustyny iz turkmen, kurdjov y drugiyh; on vstupil v perepisku s tatarami, priglasiv ih prisoedinitisya k nemu, y te otvetily emu soglasiyem y sklonilisi k nemu iyz-za obshego ih proishojdeniya (rodstva)...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Búl joldarda Shynghyshan әskerine Akush degen mamlukting jergilikti týrkimen, kurdj ókilderin jinap qosylghany, olardyng Shynghyshan әskerine tuys ekendigi kórsetilgen. Oryssha audarmada «týrkimen, kurdj» dep jazylghan ataular arabsha týpnúsqada «týrki qazaq» ekenine kýmәnim joq (búl «týrki qazaq» pen Shynghyshan әskerining qazaqtar ekenin jasyru ýshin «týrkimen, kurdj» dep orysshalanghan). Resey audarmashylary olardy týrkimen men gruzin (kurdj) dep týsindiredi, keybiri týrkimen men kýrdi dep tújyrymdaydy. Alayda, týrkimen, gruziyn, kýrdilerding eshqaysysy Shynghyshan halqymen tuys emes, al Shynghyshan әskeri qazaq taypalary ekenin eshkim joqqa shyghara almaydy. Arabsha jazyluy: كزح – kazah, كرج – kurdj. Olay bolsa, Shynghyshan әskerine qosylghandar – Qazaq qalasy aimaghynyng qazaqtary. Olardyng elin HII ghasyrda Kurzan (gruziyn) patshasy basyp alyp, ózderin qanghytyp jibergen. Olar tuystyghyn paydalanyp Shynghyshan әskerine (qazaqtargha) qosylyp, óz júrtyn azat etuge tyrysqan. Olardyng gruzindermen soghysta sheshushi roli atqarghanyn Ibn әl Asir bayandaydy. Olardyng Shynghyshan әskerimen tuystyghy, oryssha «týrkimen kurdj» dep kórsetilgen atau arabshada «týrki qazaq» bolatyny kóp shyndyqty ashady. Ol shyndyq: Azerbayjandaghy qazirgi Qazaq qalasy ol zamanda músylman Qazaq elining astanasy bolghan jәne HIII ghasyrda Zakavkaziege barghan Shynghyshan әskeri de – qazaqtar.

Qúmyq eli biyleushileri Alan patshasynyng yqpalynda bolghanyn bayqaymyz. Alandar – úrpaghy birin-biri «alan» dep ataytyn qarashay men balqarlar, olar men qúmyqtardyng tili qazaq tiline jaqyn. Qúmyq elining soltýstiginde, tauly jerde Zarah-gharan eli ornalasqan, ol ústalar eli edi (qaru jaraq jasaytyn el, «Zarah gharan» atauy qazaqsha – «Jarah gharu»). Odan keyin Sarir patshalyghyna kelsek, Hunzah qalasy ol elding Avarlar patshalyghy ekenin aighaqtaydy. Osy el jayly aldynghy jazbalarymyzdaghy derekterdi eske sala keteyik: Asylúya jayly maqalardyng birinde IV ghasyrda Jujan qaghanatyn ornatqan Súrbóras dinastiyasy ekenin, olardyng Zakavkaziedegi toby onda Savir patshalyghyn ornatqanyn (Súrbór atauyn «siviiyr-iviyr» dep búrmalaghan parsy-grek jazbalary yqpalymen tariyhqa Savir bolyp engen), ol memleket halqy jurjan dep atalghanyn (negizinen huni halqynyng súrbóri taypasy), olardyng әskerinde abar men manghy (aday ruy da bar) taypalary da bolghanyn aitqanbyz. Savir biyleushileri V ghasyrda hristiandyqqa ótkenin, VI ghasyrda bir jaghynan Iran әskeri men hazarlar jaulaghan, ekinshi jaghynan Vizantiya qysqan Savir patshalyghy joyylghanyn, onyng halqy jurjandar qazirgi Gruziyadaghy kishi Kavkaz tauyna ketip «Jurzan» (gruziyn) degen hristian halyq bolyp qalyptasqanyn mәlimdegenbiz. Savir patshalyghy 558 jyly joyylghanda halqynyng Bayan han bastaghan ýlken toby Europagha ketip, onda 562 jyly Avar qaghanatyn ornatqan bolatyn (astanasy Siavur dep atalghan). Savir patshalyghy joyylghanda manghy taypasy qazirgi Shyghys Osetiya aimaghynda qalghanyn onda saqtalghan Aday tauy, ózeni, shatqaldary dәleldeydi jәne digor-osetinderdegi Adaev әuleti de solardan qalghan belgi. Tbilisiydegi manghy taypasy qarapapah halqyn qalyptastyrugha qatysqanyna qazirgi qaraqalpaqtardaghy manghyt toby kuә (Kiyevtegi «chornoklobuk» qúramynda «moguty» dep atalady). Sonymen qatar Daghystandaghy noghay últynyng negizi – manghyt taypasy. Shyghys Ostetiyadaghy manghy taypasy VII ghasyrda sol jerge ornyqqan Qazaq eli qúramynda qalghan, óitkeni HII ghasyrda Zakavkazieden ejelgi ata qonysy Manghystaugha qaytyp oralghan manghylar (adaylar) ózderin «qazaqpyz» dep tanydy. Al abar taypasy Savir patshalyghy joyylghanda ýlken Kavkazda shoghyrlanyp, Sarir degen jeke knyazdik ornatqan. Olardyng mekeni – Hunzah ýstirti jәne astanasy Hunzah qalasy bolghany mәlim. Avarlar men gruzinderding (jurzan) hristiandyq dinderi men shirkeulik jazbalary HI ghasyrgha deyin birdey bolghan. Osy faktining ózi avar men gruzin Savir patshalyghynyng halqy bolghanyna kuә (HI ghasyrda abarlardy Qyrymnan kelgen urus toby katolik dinine kóshirgen, al HV ghasyrda avarlar Islam dinin qabyldaghan). Abar taypasynyng әuelgi otany bizdegi Tarbaghatay tauy ekenin (ondaghy «Abyraly» atauy solardan qalghan), huni men saqtardan qalyptasqan qazaq halqy әueli qúnzaq dep atalghanyn jәne halyq atauy solay bolghan IV ghasyrda abar taypasy Kavkazgha ketkenin, olar ózimen birge Hunzah atauyn Kavkazgha jәne VI ghasyrda odan әri Vengriyagha (Avar qaghanatyna) alyp barghanyn jazghanbyz (Vengriyadaghy Kishkunzak pen Nadkunzak ataulary). Osy derekter qazirgi kavkazdyq avar últy qazaqqa qúmyq, qarashay, balqardan (alandardan) jaqyn ekenin kórsetedi. Alayda, tilderi úzaq ghasyrlar ústanghan vizantiyalyq jәne katoliktik shirkeu tilderimen qatty ózgergen jәne otyrghan aimaq klimaty da olardy «kavkazdyq» etken (osynday sebepten jәne Resey ózgertken tarihty oqyp óskendikten, olardyng ózderi de qazaqqa tuysqan ekenderine senbeydi, biz de sene qoymaymyz). Ál Masudy Tbilisy aimaghyndaghy músylman patshalyghynyng kórshileri Alan, Abhaz, Jurzan (gruziyn), Sanar (shemar-vaynah) knyazdikteri ekenin bayandaydy: «Zatem sleduet sarstvo Alan. Alanskiy sari vystupaet [v pohodah] s 30 tys. vsadnikov. On mogushestven, mujestven, ocheni siylen y vedet tverduy politiku sredy sarey. Narod, sosedniy so stranoy Alan, nazyvaetsya abhaz. Abhazsy ispoveduit hristianstvo y seychas iymeiyt svoego sarya, no alanskiy sari glavenstvuet nad nimi. Jivut ony okolo gory Kabh. K nim primykaet sarstvo Djurziya (Gruziya). Eto bolishoy narod, ony — hristiane y nazyvayt ih djurzan. Ony teperi iymeiyt sarya, on zovetsya at-Tabi'i, a stolisa etogo sarya nazyvaetsya Masdjid dziyl-Karnayn. Abhazsy y gruziny platily haradj vladetelu pogranichnoy oblasty Tiflis s togo vremeni, kak Tiflis byl zavoevan y v nem poselilisi musulimane, do vremeny Mutavakkila. V Tifliyse byl chelovek po iymeny Ishak b. Ismaiyl, kotoryy s pomoshiu byvshih s nim musuliman vlastvoval nad sosednimy narodami, y ony pokoryalisi emu y platily podushnuy podati. On poveleval vsemi, kto zdesi byl, poka Mutavakkil neposlal Buga, kotoryy voshel v pogranichnui oblasti Tifliys. On ostavalsya tam, vedya boi, y nakones vzyal [Tifliys] siloy orujiya y predal smerty Ishaka za to, chto tot byl zahvatchikom etoy oblasti. S togo vremeny do nastoyashih dney v pogranichnoy oblasty Tiflis strah pered musulimanamy ischez, y sosednie vladeniya vyshly iz povinoveniya y priyrezaly sebe bolishuy chasti tiflisskih pomestiy. Puty proniknoveniya iz stran islama v pogranichnui oblasti Tiflis okazalisi prervany [tak kak] ony shly cherez zemly etih plemen nevernyh, ibo imy byla okrujena pogranichnaya oblasti. Odnako obitately ee polny sily y smelosti, nesmotrya na to chto ih okrujait upomyanutye zemliy. K sarstvu Djurzan primykaet strana, nazyvaemaya Samshi, kotoraya sostoit iz hristian y yazychnikov y ne iymeet sarya. Za niym, mejdu pogranichnoy oblastiu Tiflis y uje upomyanutoy krepostiu “Alanskie vorota”, lejit sarstvo Sanariya, sari kotorogo nazyvaetsya koriskus, chto yavlyaetsya obychnym titulom zdeshnih sarey. Ony hristiane, no pretenduit na proishojdenie ot arabov, a iymenno ot Nizara b. Ma'adda b. Mudara, a zatem ot vetvy semiy Ukayl, poselivsheysya zdesi s davnih vremen. V etoy strana ony gospodstvuyt nad mnogimy narodamiy». (Al Masudy – «Istoriya Shirvana y Al Baba»).

Sarir knyazdigining (avar eli) ontýstik-batysynda Alan patshalyghy ornalasqanyn kóremiz, alandar úrpaghy – birin-biri «alan» dep ataytyn qarashay men balqar últtary. Osetinderding digor degen bóligi de alandardan, olar alandardyng as-túghyr (ash-digor) taypasynan. Al osetinderding ekinshi negizgi bóligin qúraytyn irondardyng alandargha esh qatysy joq (reseylikter digor tobyn paydalanyp, «osetinder – alan úrpaghy» deydi. Alayda, osetinderding negizgi bóligi irondar ekenin mýlde aitpaydy). Astanasy Tbilisy bolghan músylman memleketi Alan eline shekaralas eken. Osy músylman patshalyghy Qarapapah eli ekeni anyq, azerbayjandar qúramyna keyin engen qarapapah últynyng ýlken toby әli de Tbilisy aimaghynda otyr. Ál Masudy osy músylman eli H ghasyrgha deyin jurzan (jurjan-gruziyn) men abhaz elin biylep kelgenin jazghan. Al IH ghasyrdaghy Vizantiya imperatory óz jazbasynda Tbilisy ornalasqan aimaqtaghy eldi  «Papagiya» dep kórsetken. Onyng «Papagiya» degeni osy qara-Papah eli. Shamasy, Savir patshalyghynyng astanasy da osy Tbilisy bolghan. Savir patshalyghy joyylghanda Hazar taypasy biyleushileri nemese Irannyng aimaqqa bas-kóz etip taghayyndaghan ókilderi Tbilisiyde otyrghan (626 jyly qysyq kóz aziyattardyng Tbilisiydi qalay jaulap alghanyn sol irandyq derekter jetkizedi).

Qarapapahtar Tbilisy aimaghyna sol VI ghasyrda ornyqqan hazarlar men Tbilisiydi VII ghasyrda (626 jyly) jaulap alghan qazaqtardyng ózara aralasuymen qalyptasqan (hazarlar – qazirgi Týrkimeniyadan shyqqan taypa, týrkimender qúramynda әli bar). Hazarlardyng bas kiyimi týrkimendik papaha bolghan, Zakavkaziege osy bas kiyimdi jetkizgen hazar taypasy dep tújyrymdaymyz. Qarapapahtar Tbilisiyde otyryp ainalasyndaghy taudaghy abhaz, jurjan (gruziyn) tәrizdi elderdi biylegen. Papaha kiyetindikten Vizantiya imperatory olar biylegen aimaqty «strana Papagiya» dep ataghan. Keyin papah barsha Zakavkazie halyqtarynyng bas kiyimine ainalghanda, olar ózderin biyleushi retinde ereksheleu ýshin qara papah kiygen jәne ózgelerge ony kiige tyiym salghan degenimiz dúrys oryndy. Sol qara týsti bas kiyimderining sebebinen «Qarapapah» degen jeke halyq bolyp qalyptasty.  Osy Qarapapah elin HII ghasyrda Jurzan (gruziyn) patshasy joyyp, Tbilisy qalasyn tartyp alady. Sol zamanda qarapapahtardyng bir toby Kuab (Kiyev) knyazdigine baryp ornyghyp, tarihta «chorno klobuki» atauymen qaldy. Olardyng bir bóligi Orta Azigha qaytyp kelip, ózderine baghynghan qazaqtyng qypshaq, qonyrat, qanly  rularyn qúramyna sindirip, qazirgi qaraqalpaq últyn qúrady. Qaraqalpaq pen noghay tili qazaq tiline óte jaqyn, sol sebepti ol eki tildi qazaq tilining dialektileri degen ghalymdar da bolghan.

Qaraqalpaqtardyng últtyq bas kiyimi «qara papah» ekeni belgili, olardyng últtyq kiyimderindegi oiy-naqyshtar azerbayjandardyng ong-naqyshtarymen úqsas jәne әielderining últtyq kiyimi azerbayjan әielderimen  birdey dese de bolady. Qaraqalpaq qúramyndaghy «qazayaqlar» – Tbilisiydi VII ghasyrda jaulap alghan qazaqtardyng úrpaghy. Tbilisy hazarlary ózderin basyp alghan qazaqtardy «qazaqlar» dep ataghan. Ekeui birigip Tbilisy aimaghynda qarapapah halqy bolyp qalyptasqan, sol qazaqtar qaraqalpaqtaghy qazayaqlar bolyp tabylady. Qaraqalpaqtaghy oimauyt, atanaq, omiyr, gobdir rulary men týrkimenderdegi yomud, ata, emiyreli, chobdir rulary tuys desek, qatelespeymiz. Qazaqqa eng jaqyn qaraqalpaq tilinde týrkimendik belgiler de barlyghy osynday tarihpen baylanysty.

Arann atauy zakavkazielik ekenine jәne «aran» degender armiyan últyn qalyptastyrghanyna eshkimning dauy bolmas. Sondyqtan qaraqalpaqtaghy aranshy ruy sol Zakavkaziede qarapapahtargha singen jergilikti arandar degenimiz jón. Horezmshah әuleti HII ghasyrda Kavkazdan kelgen qarapapahtardyng biyleushi dinastiyasy dep bilemiz. Olarda Týrki Ashinalar bolghandyqtan, oghyz elin biylegen Týrki Seldjuktermen (Tórgi Asyljik) jaqyndasa alghan jәne keyin solardyng ornyna biylikke kelgen. Jalpy, Horezm qalasy Iran aumaghynda bolghanyn Ibn әl Asir jazady, orystardyng Ýrgenish qalasyn kóne Horezm degeni – jalghan. Ibn Batuta jazbasyndaghy Hojeli qalasyn da orystardyng Horezm dep búrmalaghanyn aldynghy maqalalarymyzdyng birinde naqty dәleldermen kórsettik. Sondyqtan «Horezmshah» atauy arabtyq týpnúsqa jazbalarda «Harapapah» bolyp shyghuy ghajap emes. Ibn әl Asir derekterinde VIII ghasyrda «Astarhan horezmiyes» degen týrki hany Armenyany shauyp, ol jerden kóp músylmandy tútqyndap, Tbilisy qalasyna alyp ketkeni qamtylghan: «V etom, 764 godu napal Astarhan-horezmiyes vo glave polchisha turok na musuliman gde-to v Arminii, uvel mnogo narodu, kak musuliman, tak y zimmiyev y vstupil v Tifliys...»  (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»). Yaghni, osy «Astarhan horezmiyes» degen adam – Tbilisy aumaghyndaghy Qarapapah patshalyghynyng biyleushisi. Onyng «Astarhan» esimi «As dinastiyasynyng hany» degen maghyna beredi. Demek, ol da Asylúya dinastiyasynan, anyghyraq aitsaq, Týrki Ashina tobynan. Onyng «Astarhan horezmi» degen atauy arabtyq týpnúsqada «Astarhan harabafaq» bolyp shyghuy әbden mýmkin (Arapsha jazyluy: حاربفق – harabafaq, حارذمى – horezmiy).

Horezmshah dinastiyasy qypshaq taypasymen tyghyz odaqtas bolghany belgili, qypshaqtar qaraqalpaq qúramyna sol zamanda singen. Shynghys hannan qashqan Horezmshahtyng Kavkazgha boy tasalauy jәne ondaghy Tbilisy qalasynan gurjandardy (gruziyn) quyp shyqqany, ózining sol qalada ornyghuy beker emes. Ol óz elining Tbilisiyde qalyptasqanyn, yaghny Otany Tbilisy ekenin úmytpaghan jәne qarapapahtardyng ýlken toby Tbilisy aimaghynda әli de otyrghany anyq. Qazirgi azerbayjandaghy qarapapahtarda han taypasy dep tanylghan «Borchalo» degen ru bar, onyng әuelgi dúrys atauy – Bórshiler. Áuelde Turky Seldjuk (Tórgi Asyljik) biyleushining qyzmetshisi bolghan (orysshada «qúly» delingen), keyin patshalyqty iyelengen Horezmshah qarapapahtardy biylegen Bórshi Ashina tobynan deymiz. Qúz han As Shynnyng Horezmshahty «Ózing aitqanday shynymen súltan bolsan...» dep sókkenin aldynghy maqalamyzda aitqanbyz. Osy sózder Horezmshahtyng qúl úrpaghy emesin, kerisinshe súltandar túhymynandyghyn, yaghny asylúyalyq ekenin kórsetedi.

Abhaz eli Alan patshalyghyna kórshi eken, yaghny Alan patshalyghy Sarir (avar) men Abhaz elderi arasynda ornalasqan. Al Abhaz eline kishi Kavkaz tauynda otyrghan Jurzan (gruziyn) eli kórshi. Taghy Samshy eli men arghy tegi arab Sanar  eli de sol manda otyrghan. Osylardyng barlyghy – Tbilisy aimaghynan Kolhida oipatyna deyingi tauly aimaqtarda ornalasqan elder. Ol zamanda abhazdar qazirgi Abhaziyada emes, Tbilisiyge jaqyn aimaqty mekendegen. Jurzan dep otyrghan gruzinder IV ghasyrda Zakavkaziede Savir patshalyghyn ornatqan Jurjan (jujan) elinen qalyptasqanyn aittyq. Olardyng biyleushileri V ghasyrda Vizantiyadan hristiandyq qabyldaghan (Boariks – Bóriqyz, Ziligta – Jilikti degen handary), keyin memleketteri joyylghanda qazirgi Gruziyadaghy kishi Kavkaz tauyna baryp hristian dindi Jurzan degen halyq bolyp qalyptasty. Olardyng qazaqqa úqsas tilderi hristiandyq Vizantiya-grek tilimen qatty ózgeriske úshyrady. Áueli – jurjan, H ghasyrda – jurzan, sosyn HI ghasyrda kurzan dep atalghan sol halyq – qazirgi gruzin últy. Gruzin últtyq aspaby dombyragha óte úqsastyghyn, gruzin tilinde kóp sózderding qazaqy ekenin  aldynghy maqalalarymyzda jazghanbyz. Ál Masudy Zakavkazieni aralaghan H ghasyrda olardyng tilderi qazaqylyghyn әli joghaltpaghan, biyleushisining Ataby (at-tabiiy), el astanasynyng Meshit Zúlqarnayyn (Masdjid dziyl-Karnayn) dep atalghanyn bayandaghan. Al HVI ghasyrdaghy Gruziya patshalaryn taghayyndauda tóreshi bolghan gruzin batyrynyng halyq bergen laqap aty – Mouroviy, onyng eski maghynasy – Múra By ekenin H ghasyrdaghy gruzin biyleushisining Ata By degen atauy bayqatady.

Al Sanar eli – qazir ózderin vaynah dep ataytyn sheshen-ingush-akkiylerding ata-babalary, arabsha týpnúsqadaghy «shamar» atauyn orysshada «sanar» dep búrmalanuy mýmkin. Olardyng eski atauy shemar ekeni sheshenderding anyz derekterinde aitylady. Ol atau Tayau Shyghystaghy Shemar degen jerden kelgendikterimen baylanysty (arabsha jazyluy: شمر – shemar, سنر – sanar). Vaynah elining arghy tegi arabtan ekeni olardyng tilderining dybystalu erekshelikterinen jәne olardaghy «teyp» sózinen bayqalady (arapsha «tayfa» – olarda «teyp»). Kórshileri avar, qúmyq, qarashay, balqarlar «túhym» sózin qoldanady, tek vaynahtarda ol «teyp» (arabtyq «tayfa»). Olardyng arabtyq tilden alystauy kóp jyldar boyy vizantiyalyq hristiyandyqta bolularymen baylanysty (shirkeulik grek tili yqpalymen shemar-vaynah tili arab tilinen qashyqtaghan). Olardyng kekshildik qasiyeti hristiandyq zamanynan qaluy mýmkin. Óitkeni, músylman halyqqa kekshildik tәn emes, kóbine hristiandargha tәn ekenine orystyng týrikke nemese armiyannyng azerbayjangha degen tarihy kózqarastary kuә. Shemar halqynyng sózge sheshen bóligin «sheshen», asa qu bóligin «әkki», al taudy ýngip ýy salatyn bóligin «ýngish» dep ataghan Kavkazdaghy qazaq eli dep bilemiz. Yaghni, sheshen, akki, ingush últtaryna atau bergen Kolhida oipatynda otyrghan qazaqtar.

Endi Ál Masudiyding Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli jayly aitqandaryna nazar audarsaq: «Za sarstvom alanov nahoditsya narod, nazyvaemyy kashak. Po povodu morya, u kotorogo ony jivut, mneniya ludey rashodyatsya: odny polagayt, chto eto Rumskoe more, a drugie – chto eto Nitas. Vo vsyakom sluchae, po moru ot nih nedaleko do zemeli Trapezonda, otkuda tovary idut k nim na korablyah y s ih storony takje otpravlyaitsya [korabliy]... Na etom more lejit Trapezond, pribrejnyy gorod, gde ejegodno proishodit neskoliko torgov, y na nih dlya torgovly prihodit mnogo narodov, takiyh, kak musulimane, greki, armyane, a takje ludy iz strany kashakov...».  (Al Masudy – «Istoriya Shirvana y Al Baba»).

Ál Masudy Alandardyng batysynda (Kolhida dalasynda) Kashaq eli otyrghanyn, olardyng jeri Qara teniz jaghasyna deyin sozylatynyn aitady (onyng Qara teniz ekenin Trapezond qalasy aiqyn dәleldeydi). Vizantiya imperatory da IH ghasyrda osy Kolhida aimaghyn «strana Kasahiya» dep kórsetken. Arabsha jazyluy: كاشح  – kashah, كاسح  – kasah. Al HIII ghasyrdaghy arab tarihshysy Ibn әl Asir olardy «Qypshaq» deydi. Ol jaqta qys jyly, jaz salqyn bolatynyn, jerining shóbi shýigin ekenin jәne jeri Qara tenizben shektesetinin bylay bayandaydy: «Togda tatary poslaly skazati kipchakam: “My s vamy odnogo roda (proishojdeniya), a ety alany vam ne rodnya, chtoby vy im pomogaliy.... ... tatary je ostalisi v strane kipchakov, bogatoy bolishimy postbishamy zimoy y letom. V ney esti holodnye letom y teplye zimoy mesta, bogatye pastbishami. Eto — strana lesov na beregu morya. Ony (tatary) doshly do goroda Sudaka, goroda kipchakov, gde ih glavnye sily; on nahoditsya na beregu Hazarskogo morya y k nemu pristait korabli. V nem prodaitsya odejdy y pokupaytsya rabyny y raby, burtasi, kondor, soboli y drugie produkty ih strany. Eto Hazarskoe more soedinyaetsya s zalivom Konstantinopolya...». (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Ibn әl Asir qypshaq elinde Sudak degen portty qala baryn, ol jaghasynda otyrghan Hazar tenizining Konstantinopoli búghazymen baylanysty ekenin aityp ótedi. Tenizding Hazar emes Qara teniz ekenin osy Konstantinopoli búghazy aiqyndaydy. Arabsha týpnúsqadaghy «Hara» atauyn «Haza» dep týsindirip, tenizdi orysshada әdeyi Hazar dep kórsetui әbden mýmkin (arabsha jazylulary: حازا – haza, حارا – hara). Bәlkim, jaghasynda qazaqtar otyrghan teniz 13 ghasyrda «Hazaq» depte atalghan, ony arabsha týpnúsqadan orysshagha «Hazar» dep audarghan bolar (arabsha jazylulary: حازاق – hazaq, حازار – hazar). Qara teniz jaghasynda Sudak qalasy baryn, ol Altyn Orda biyliginde ekenin jәne túrghyndary qypshaqtar ekenin HIV ghasyrdaghy arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta da jazady (ol qala qazirgi Novorossiysk ekenin Ibn Batuta turaly jazbamyzda dәleldegenbiz). Ibn әl Asir qypshaqtardyng Shynghyshan elimen bir halyq ekenin naqty derekpen kórsetedi, osy derek olardyng týrkitildi ekenin aighaqtaydy (adyh tildi kabardinderding ata-babasy emesin dәleldeydi). Al «Kashah», «Kasah» jәne «Qypshaq» ataularyn «Manghol» atauymen baylanystyru esh mýmkin emes. Kavkazdaghy osy el HVI ghasyrdaghy Gruziya tarihynda «kazah» dep anyq jazylghan (Anna Antonovskayanyng «Úly Mouroviy» degen enbegi). Osy derekter Kavkazdaghy sol el qazaqtar ekenin jәne Shynghyshan eli de qazaqtar bolghanyn anyq rastaydy. Qazaq eli HVI ghasyrda gruzinderge kórshi otyrghany Anna Antonovskayanyng «Úly Mouroviy» atty enbeginde bylay jazylghan: «Kazahy podumayt – pomoshi Kahety okazaliy..., tvaladsy derjaly v strahe vragov sarya, osobenno kazahov,...  Ot poslov je Georgiy X potreboval zapisi na ostavlenie v Kartliy 150 strelisov y dosylky ostalinyh po ugovoru dlya voyny protiv kazahov iy drugih agaryan…, Kahety eshe ne opravilasi ot nabegov kazahov, ... v Sredney Kartliy "gostili" kazahiy, y mnogie derevny ostalisi ne toliko bez hleba, no y bez jiliysh... Pervym uviydel kazahov zorkiy glaz Datuna, eshe vosemi dereveni razrushily kazahy za hanskogo syna... Mnogo jenshin v auly pognali. Opustoshiytelinyy nabeg kazahov y zapozdalaya pomoshi goriyskih drujin ne sposobstvovaly veselomu nastroenii.... «V zamke dolgo vysmeivaly sumasshedshego aznaura, idushego voynoy s gorstiu drujinnikov na kazahskie eylagiy... Sryvaya pestrye polotnisha shatrov, kartliysy nabrasyvalisi na spyashiyh. Kazahov, pytavshihsya prorvatisya iz eylaga, prikanchivaly na meste taynye zasady tvaladsev. Saakadze rasporyadilsya snyati s arob kazashek iy predostavil drujinnikam vybrati sebe devushek, detey otdelil dlya prodajy v IYmereti. Pod smeh y jestokie shutky kazashky s dikimy voplyamy prijimaly k sebe plachushih detey. Staraya Ketevan golovu kazaha na pamyati vyprosila, okolo buyvolyatnika pribila... Vperedy zurnachey na dlinnom sheste kolyhalasi razukrashennaya petushinymy periyamy golova Mambet-hana, okrujennaya svitoy iyz dvuhsot kazahskih golov na chernyh shestah. Zugza, plennisa v Metehskom zamke, byla po-prejnemu nepokornoy kazashkoy. ... Day konya y odejdu djigita! - strastno vykriknula Zugza. - Vernusi k bratu v eylag, snova hanshey budu! Luarsab voynoy poydet na kazahov. Mysli o tom, chtoby dati vozmojnosti saru uspokoitisya v bitve s kazahami, ... gotovitisya k voyne s kazahskim hanom..., nemedlenno napasti na Kazahii y ubiti Omar-hana. Cherez neskoliko dney gruzinskie voyska podoshly k Kazahii. ... Luarsab udivilsya, zametiv speshnye voennye prigotovleniya hana Kazahii. Kazahy ordoy brosilisi na stroynye ryady gruzinskogo voyska. Luarsab stremiytelino rvalsya v glubi Kazahiiy... Volneniya v sarstve ne utihait: to obnaglevshie kazahy ustraivait nabegiy. Vse je drugogo vyhoda net, priydetsya idty voynoy na bogatuy Kazahii.... Na levom krai iransev han Kazahii, hrabryy Shabanda, uje razvernul legkuy stepnuy konnisu'.... S dikim gikaniem vyneslisi kazahy za svoim hanom na kray doliny.... Givy sunul svyashenniku neskoliko marchili, poprosiv priyvezty kazahskuy pletku...» (Anna Antonovskaya – «Velikiy Mouroviy).  

Anna Antonovskaya әngime qylyp otyrghan qazaqtar bizding últymyzdan ekeni dausyz, ony reseylik ghalymdar da moyyndaydy. Ondaghy «eylak (aylaq), auyl, shatr (kiyiz ýi), kazahskiy plet (qazaq qamshysy)» degen sózder olardyng bizding qazaq ekenine kuә. Alayda, Zugza, Mambet, Omar, Shabanda degen kisi esimderi ol elding erteden kavkazdyq qazaqtar ekenin kórsetedi. Olardyng qazaqtar ekenine Resey tarihshylary da amalsyz bas iyzeydi. Ony ózderi dayyndaghan jalghan tariyhqa say etu ýshin «HVI ghasyrda key qazaq taypalary Gruziya aimaghyna qonystanghan» dep búrmalaydy. Eger solay bolsa, ol qazaqtar aziyattar boluy tiyis edi. Biraq Anna Antonovskaya derekterinde olardyng týr-týsi aziyattyq bolghany mýlde aitylmaydy, kerisinshe olar jergilikti kavkazdyqtar ekeni bayqalady.

Ibn әl Asir qazirgi Azerbayjandaghy Qazaq qalasy VIII ghasyrdan bar ekenin jәne sol jýz jyldyqta ol aimaqta qypshaqtar mekendegenin aitsa, Ál Masudy ol qalanyng H ghasyrda músylman patshalyghynyng astanasy bolghanyn jazady. Vizantiya imperatory Kolhida dalasynda IH ghasyrda Kasahiya eli bolghan deydi, Ál Masudy sol dalada Qara teniz jaghasyna deyin otyrghan halyqty «Qashaq eli» dep kórsetedi. Al Ibn әl Asir ol eldi HIII ghasyrda Qypshaq eli dep ataydy jәne Shynghyshan elimen olardyng bir halyq ekenin bayandaydy. HVI ghasyrda ol elding óz atauy qazaq bolghanyn, olardyng kiyiz ýilerin tastamaghan (shatrlaryn) músylman qazaq ekenin Anna Antonovskaya enbeginen kóremiz. Azerbayjan jerinde HV-HIH ghasyrlar aralyghynda bolghan Qazaq súltanaty (astanasy Qazaq qalasy) jayly el tarihynda: «Qazaq súltanatyn HV ghasyrda Gruziya aimaghynan auyp kelgen týrki taypalary ornatqan» dep kórsetiledi. Hristian dindi gruzin patshalary HV ghasyrdan bastap Kolhida dalasyndaghy músylman Qazaq elin jii qyrghyngha úshyratyp, tonaumen bolghanyn osy Úly Mouroviy ómiri de anyq bayqatady. Sol qysymnan ondaghy qazaqtar qazirgi Azerbayjan aimaghyndaghy qandastaryna (Qazaq qalasy ornalasqan aimaqtaghy qazaqtargha) baryp qosylumen bolghan jәne sol jerde derbes Qazaq súltanatyn  ornatqan. Osy keltirilgen derekter men naqty faktilerdi kórip-bilip otyryp, qazaqtyng ejelden bar ekenine esh sene almaytyn qazaq tarihshylaryn qalay týsinuge bolady?

Gruziyada tuyp-ósken Anna Antonovskayanyng enbegi HH ghasyrdyng basynda jaryq kórgen (maghan osy kitap jayly aitqan Qydyraliyev Abdrahim bauyryma Allah razy bolsyn). Onda ataqty Mouroviy jayly, yaghny gruzin batyry Saakadze tarihy bayandalady. Osy enbegi ýshin Anna Antonovskaya Stalinning madaghyna ie bolghan. Mouroviy men Stalinning ómirinde kóp úqsastyqtar bar, ekeui de Kartly aimaghynan shyqqan. Saakadze-Mouroviy HVI ghasyrda Kolhida dalasyndaghy az ghana músylman qazaqtardy qyrghyngha úshyratyp, qalghanyn Gruziya aimaghynan qazirgi Azerbayjangha birjolata quyp shyqty jәne mayda knyazdikterding basyn qosyp Gruziya memleketin qalpyna keltirdi әri onyng aimaghyn keneytti (Qazaqtyng jeri esebinen). Al Djugashviliy-Stalin HH ghasyrda Resey imperiyasy aimaghyndaghy últtyq avtonomiyalardyng atqaminerlerin joyyp, ol avtonomiyalardy ortalyqqa tolyq baghyndyrdy, osylaysha Kenes odaghyn alyp imperiyagha ainaldyrdy jәne Mouroviy tәrizdi ol da qazaq halqyn qyrumen boldy. Qazaqty qoldan jasaghan ashtyqpen azaytty, sosyn qazaq jerin kavkazdyq halyqtarmen toltyrdy. Osylaysha Gruziya jerin meshet týrikterinen, kýrdiler men azerbayjandardan jәne grekterden «tazalady», Qazaqstangha quylghan balqarlardyng kóp jerin Gruziyagha qosty. Mouroviy shyn mәninde Stalinning kumiyri bolghan. Sol sebepten Anna Antonovskayanyng enbegi senzuragha úshyramaghan, nәtiyjesinde ondaghy qazaq eli jayly derekter óshirilmey jaryqqa shyqqan. Endi sol Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli men onyng kórshileri jayly Ál Masudy taghy ne aitady, qarap kórelik: «Za sarstvom alanov nahoditsya narod, nazyvaemyy kashak. Sredy plemen etih mest net naroda bolee izyskannoy narujnosti, s bolee chistymy lisami, net bolee krasivyh mujchin y bolee prekrasnyh jenshiyn, bolee stroynyh,... y net naroda luchshey vneshnosti, chem etot. Ony odevaytsya v beloe, v rumskuy parchu, v yarko-aluy tkani y v razlichnye parchovye tkani, zatkannye zolotom. V ih strane proizvodyatsya razlichnye tkany iz kattan togo sorta, kotoryy iymenuetsya tala y kotoryy bolee tonok y nosok, chem sort dabiki; odin otrez ego stoit 10 dinarov, y on vyvozitsya v sosednie strany islama. Takie je tkany vyvozyatsya y smejnymy narodami, no slavitsya sort, vyvozimyy etimy [kashakamiy]... Prichina ih slabosty po sravnenii s alanamy v tom, chto ony ne dopuskayt naznachiti nad soboy sarya, kotoryy obedinyal by ih slova. V takom sluchae ny alany, ny kakoy-libo narod ne mog by vyjiti. Za etoy pribrejnoy nasiey sleduet nasiya, chiya strana nazyvaetsya as-sab'buldan. Eto bolishoe y horosho zashiyshennoe plemya... Ego zemly prostiraitsya daleko, no ya ne znai, k kakoy iz nasiy ono prinadlejit y kakova ego religiya... K nim primykaet drugoe bolishoe plemya, otdelennoe ot kashakov rekoy, kotoraya po velichiyne podobna Evfratu y vpadaet v Nitas, na kotorom stoit Trapezond. Ono nazyvaetsya IYr.m y sostoit iz strannyh ludey. Ih vera yazycheckaya...» (Al Masudy – «Istoriya Shirvana y Al Baba»)

Qazaqtardan ary otyrghan as-sabuldan eli qazirgi batys Gruziyadaghy Svan halqy dep bilemiz. Aldynghy maqalalarymyzdyng birinde b.d. deyingi I ghasyrda saqtardyng alban men syban (alban men suan) taypalary Zakavkazieni jaulap alghanyn, sondyqtan V ghasyrgha deyin ol aimaq Albaniya dep atalghanyn (Kavkazskaya Albaniya), parsylar syban (suan) taypasyn «saksyban», al alban taypasyn «sakalban» dep ataghanyn aitqanbyz (sakalbandardyng Europagha ketkeni Albaniya halqyn qalyptastyrdy, Qyrymda otyrghany qyrymlar últy bolyp birikti, al saqsybandar azerbayjandarda «kóshpendi shahsevan» toby bolyp saqtaldy jәne kóbi Gruziyanyng batysynda «svan» atauymen jeke el bolghan (Armeniyadaghy Svan kóli de solardyng atauynan)). Ál Masudy jazbasyndaghy saqsyban elin orysshagha «assabuldan» dep búrmalap audarghan (Arabsha jazylulary: شكصبن – shaksyban, اثبلصان  – assabuldan). Svan degen el Gruziyanyng batysynda qazir de bar jәne gruzinder әli de olardy tolyq assimiliyasiyalay alghan joq. Al «IYr» ózenining qarsy jaghasynda otyrghan kәpir elding úrpaghy – «iron» dep atalatyn osetinder ekeni týsinikti (qazir ol ózen «Rion» dep atalady). Osetinder ózderin «iron» dep ataydy jәne negizgi toby әli eski senimderinde (osetinderding digor degen az bóligi alandar úrpaghy ekenin aittyq).

Ál Masudi: «Kashaktar sol aimaqtaghy barsha halyqtardan әdemi, óitkeni betteri ózgelerge qaraghanda taza» deydi. Onysy kashaktardyng betteri qatty jýndes emes degeni. Qazaqtar VII ghasyrda sol aimaqqa barghanda jalpaq bet, qysyq kózdi aziyattar bolghany derekterden belgili ekenin aittyq, al H ghasyrdaghy Ál Masudy betteri asa jýndes emes kashaktar sol aimaqtaghy halyqtardyng eng kórkemi ekenin aityp otyr. Demek, VII ghasyr men H ghasyr aralyghynda ol qazaqtardyng týr-týsi aziyattyq keyipten jartylay-kavkazdyq keyipke ózgerip ýlgergen. Osy derek kashaktardyng bizden barghan qazaqtar ekenin taghy bayqatady. Ál Masudy kashaktar óte júqa mata óndiretinin, onyng aty «tala» ekenin jazady, onday matany ózgeler de shygharatynyn, alayda kashaktardyng matasy eng jaqsysy ekenin bayandaydy. Eng júqa mata eshki týbitinen toqylatyn «shәli» ekeni, ony Orynbor kazaktary óndirgeni belgili. Kazaktardyng arghy tegi kavkazdyq qazaqtar dedik, onyng ýstine sol aimaqtaghy  azerbayjan, armiyan tәrizdi últtar oramaldy «shali» dep ataydy. Ál Masudy jazbasyndaghy «shәli» atauyn orysshada «tala» dep kórsetkeni ghoy (arabsha jazylulary: شالا – shәli, تالا – tala).

Eshki maly suyqqa tózimsiz keledi, eshki ústaugha eng qolayly jer eki Kavkaz tauy arasyndaghy Kolhida dalasy ekeni dausyz. Qazaq dalasynda suyq jel jii bolatyndyqtan halqymyz eshkini kóp ústamaghan, qoydy bastap jýretin az ghana eshki baqqan (ol az ghana eshki suyqtan qoy arasyna tyghylyp jylynady). Sondyqtan eshki jýninen júqa shәli óndiru bizde jappay ýrdis almaghan, al eki Kavkaz tauy arasyndaghy qazaqtar eshki ústap, onyng týbitinen shәli óndirip satumen ainalysqan. Ál Masudy ol qazaqtardyng óz patshasy bolmaghandyqtan, kórshi elderden údayy qysym kóretinin aityp otyr. Shamasy, H ghasyrda sol Qazaq eli Hazar qaghanaty qúramynda bolghan (sol sebepten jeke patshasy bolmaghan). Al Alan, Abhaz, Shemar (vaynah), Jurzan (gruziyn) elderi óz patshalary bar derbes knyazdikter ekeni jazylghan. Hazar qaghanaty shamamen HI ghasyrdyng basynda joyyldy, al Jurzan patshalyghy kerisinshe kýsheyip HII ghasyrda Kolhida dalasyn jaulap aldy (David Stroiyteli patsha zamany). Yaghni, olar Qazaq elin basyp aldy. Jurzan biyligin moyyndamaghan qazaqtar sol kezde Qyrymgha jәne Don aimaghyna qonys audara bastaghan, al baghynghan qazaqtar gruzin әskeri qúramynda músylman әskerine qarsy soghystargha qatysqany Ibn әl Asirding mynau derekterinen belgili: «V etom, 1120 godu proizoshlo vtorjenie kurdjov, ony je hazary, v musulimanskie oblasti. ...S nastupleniyem etogo goda ony vystupily vmeste s kipchakamy y drugimy sosednimy narodami. Vystupily vpered dvesty chelovek kipchakov... Voyska provely vesima trevojnuy nochi, dumaya o srajenii, no bog neojidanno poslal im oblegcheniye: on poseyal mejdu kurdjamy y kipchakamy razdory y vrajdu, y ony bilisi mejdu soboy v tu nochi...» (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Osy derekte Kurdjan patshasy HII ghasyrda qazirgi Azerbayjan aimaghyna shabuyl jasaghany («Jurzan» HI ghasyrdan «Kurjan» dep jazylady) jәne kurdj әskerinde qazaqtar bary bayandalghan. Sonymen qatar Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli әli músylmandyq qabyldamaghany jazylghan (olardyng H ghasyrda músylman emesin Ál Masudy de mәlimdegen). Ibn әl Asir osy dereginde qazaqtar men kurjandar (gruzinder) ózara qyrylysqanyn kórsetedi, yaghny qazaqtar sәti kelse bostandyqqa úmtylghan. Ibn әl Asir kurdj (gruziyn) әskerin «hazar» dep jazady (Hazar qaghanaty aimaghy kurjandar iyeligine ótkendikten bolar). Asylúya jayly  maqalamyzdyng birinde Savir patshalyghy joyylghanda jujan-súrbóras dinastiyasy armiyan, gruziyn, urus-sakalban elderinde biylikterin saqtap qalghanyn aitqanbyz (Ál Masudy «Siavurda – armiyandardyng asa jauynger bóligi» degen, gruzinder – sol jurzan-savir eli, al urus-sakalban elin biylegen Súrbóri toby keyin «bóri», sosyn «bórik» dep ataldy, ony «ruriyk» dep tariyhqa engizgen orystar). Sol ýsh eldi biylegenderderding ekeui HI ghasyrda katolik dininde boldy (armiyan men Qyrymdaghy urus-sakalban eli). Al David Stroiyteli patsha (David Astartóli) HI ghasyrda vizantiyalyq-hristiyandyqtaghy gruzin shirkeulerine basshy etip Katolikosty (katoliktik atau) taghayyndady. Osy ýshtik odaq HI-HII ghasyrlarda Týrki Ashina dinastiyasy biylegen Hazar qaghanatyn, Úly Búlghar patshalyghyn jәne avar elindegi Sarir knyazdigin joyyp jiberdi. Avar elindegi Sarir knyazdigi ornyna Avar nusaldidigi ornaghany, ony biylegen Qyrymnan kelgen urustar (arghy atalary Aryshan) ekeni jәne zandarynda «Urus ókili qalmaghan jaghdayda biylikke armiyan nemese gruzin ókili otyruy tiyis» dep jazylghany mәlim. Gruzin patshalary men  Reseydi biylegen Rurik toby Shynghyshan әuletimen, yaghny Bórijiging ruymen (bordjigiyn) tuys bolatynyn, olar jujandyq súrbóras-shiybórash dinastiyasy úrpaqtary ekenin Asylúya taypasy jayly maqalamyzda mәlimdegenbiz. Shynghyshan әskerining Kurjan (gruziyn) patshalyghy jerin tolyq jaulap almaghany, tek Tbilisy aimaghymen ghana shektelui Shynghyshan ruynyng gruzin patshalarymen tuystyghynan dep bilgen dúrys (Gruziya tarihynda ózara bitimge kelgeni jazylghan). Alayda, Shynghyshan әskeri Alan elin tolyq jaulap tonady jәne ózderimen bir halyq bolghanyna qaramastan Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq elin de tolyqtay jaulap, tonaugha úshyratty. Sebebi, Alan eli men Qazaq elin biylegender Týrki Ashina dinastiyasynan (Týrki Ashina ruy men Jujan súrbóras (shiyvey-shiybórash) ruy Asylúya dinastiyasynan jәne ózara baqtalas-jau ekenin Asylúya taypasy tarihynda aityp ketkenbiz).

Arab-parsy jazbalary Kurjan (gruziyn) patshalyghy HI-HIV ghasyrlar aralyghynda Zakavkaziedegi negizgi kýshke ainalghanyn, olardyng Gyandj qalasy  aimaghyn músylman halifatynan tartyp alghanyn aighaqtaydy. Osy derek HI ghasyrdyng sonynda Qazaq qalasy da gruzin patshalyghy iyeligine ótkenin, yaghny ol aimaqtaghy músylman Qazaq patshalyghy joyylghanyn bayqatady. Azerbayjan memlekettiligining negizin qalaghan HII ghasyrdaghy Ildengiz Atabekting qúldyqqa satylghan qypshaq balasy ekeni, onyng ómiri gruzin patshalyghymen soghysumen ótkeni, onyng birde Gyandj qalasyn qaytaryp alghany, alayda artynsha gruzin әskeri ol qalany qayta basyp alghany tarihshylargha jaqsy tanys. Sondyqtan «Azerbayjan memlekettiligining negizin qalaghan – qazaq Elteniz Atabek» desek, qatelespeymiz. Onyng asyl armany – ata-baba mekenin (músylman Qazaq patshalyghy jerin) azat etu bolghan. Ildengiz Atabek әskerinde qypshaqtar (qazaqtar) kóp bolghany, olardyng kóbi artynan qazirgi Iran aimaghyna qonystanghany tarihy derekterde kezdesedi (oghan keyinirek toqtalmyz).

Sol músylman Qazaq patshalyghynyng ontýstik-shyghysynda Djidan (evrey) patshalyghy, al batysynda hristian Qúmyq eli ornalasqanyn H ghasyrdaghy Ál Masudy mәlimdeydi. Alayda, HI ghasyrdan keyin jidan men qúmyq elderi aitylmaydy, Shynghyshan әskeri kelgen HIII ghasyr derekterinde de kezdespeydi (Akush degen qúl bastaghan qazaqtardyng Shynghyshan әskerine qosylyp gruzindermen soghysqanyn aittyq). Anyghynda, Kurjan (gruziyn) derjavasy músylman Qazaq patshalyghyn da, Djidan-evrey patshalyghyn da jәne hristiyan Qúmyq elin de joyyp, olardy qazirgi Daghystangha aua kóshuge mәjbýr etken. Óitkeni, HII ghasyrda Daghystannyng batysyndaghy Avar nusalidigine kórshi aqboz atty myng jauyngeri bar Djidan eli payda bolghan jәne Daghystannyng shyghys aimaghynda músylman Ghazy-Qúmyq memleketi ornaghan. Búl derekter Daghystan tarihynda bylay bayandalady: «Negizin qalaghan Muhammad, Dvin (Armeniya) biyleushisi. 1020 jyly kishi úly Eskuya oghan qarsy shyqty, alayda Fadl oghan qarsy basqa úly Musany jiberdi, ol Azerbayjangha óz kemelerimen kelgen Rustarmen odaqtasyp, solardyng kómegimen Baylakandy jaulap aldy. Eskuya óltirildi... 1032 jyly Kavkaz aimaghyna joryq jasaghan Mstislav Tmutarakaniskiy Sarir memleketining jauyna ainaldy... E.M.Shillingting mәlimetteri boyynsha "Andy Koysuynyng sol jaghasyndaghy býkil aumaq I Jugut hangha (sózbe sóz "Evrey hany"), al ong jaghalaudaghy jerler Avarlyq Surakatqa tiyesili dep qarastyrylady"....  Osylaysha HI ghasyrdyng ayaghynda búrynghy Serir aumaghynda birneshe memleket payda boldy: Andiylik iyelik, Hunzah nusalidigi men kóptegen erikti qoghamdar. Surakat zamanynda taq múragerligi tәrtibi ornady, tek onyng úldary men qyzdarynan taraghandardyng ghana taqqa múragerlik qúqy belgilendi. Eger onyng әuletinen eshkim qalmasa, onda taqqa Rus, Gruzin jәne Armyan adamdarynyng biri  otyruy tiyis delingen. Muhammed Rafiyding "Tarihy Dagestan" jylnamasyndaghy Avar nusalidarynyng shejiresinde Saratan hannyng ata-babalary tizbesinde birinshi bolyp Arskan atalghan...  HII ghasyrda Ghazy-Qúmúq shamhaldyghy dep ataldy. HII ghasyrda shamhal músylman bolghan tәrizdi jәne Islam Qúmúq ta biyleushi dinge ainaldy. Qúmúq atauy Qazy degen jalghaugha ie boldy... Surakat Sheyh Ahmad ýshin basty jauyna ainaldy. Ahmad Surakatty nusalidikten quyp jiberdi. Surakattyng úly Bayar taqty qaytarmaq bop talpyndy, alayda arabtardan toytarys aldy. Tek qana onyng úly, egde jasqa kelgende ata-baba taghyn mangholdardyng arqasynda qaytara aldy... Mangholdar әueli Qúmyqty oirandady... Qúmyqtardyng Hamzadan taraghan býkil knyazidary әlemning tórt tarapyna yghysyp ketti. Ary qaray, mangholdar Avir oblysyna jetti, búl – avarlar jeri. Muhammed Rafy mangholdar men avarlar arasynda bekitilgen odaq turaly "Múnday odaq dostyqqa, kelisim men bauyrlastyqqa negizdeldi", jazady, onyng ýstine әulettik nekemen nyghaytyldy. Derekkózderde keltirilgendey, Avariya memleketining shekarasynyng kenetten keneytilgeni jәne sharuashylyghynyng kýrt damyghany, olardy mangholdardyng anyq qoldauynyng arqasynda jýzege asqan deuge bolady..» (Daghystan tarihy derekterinen).

Osy derekterden H ghasyrda qazirgi Azerbayjanda otyrghan qúmyq pen evrey elderi HI ghasyrdyng sonynda Daghystanda bolghanyn kóremiz, yaghny sonda qonys audarghany anyq (qúmyq tilindegi oghyzdyq belgilerde olardyng kәzirgi Azarbayjannan shyqqandyghyn bayqatady). Al urus (rusi) әskeri armiyan biyleushilerining shaqyruymen Qyrymnan kemelerimen Zakavkaziege kelgen jәne olar Sarir knyazdigimen jau bolghan. Kóp úzamay Sarir joyylyp, ornyn Avar nusalidigi basty, ony biylegen Urus toby jәne odaqtastary gruzin men armiyan biyleushi toptary eken (avarlar sol zamanda katolik bolghany anyq). Kórshi músylman Ghaziy-Qúmyq patshalyghy olargha jau bolghan. Qúmyq biyleushileri XIV ghasyrda «Aselder» dep atalghany mәlim («Asyldar» degen maghynada, yaghny Asylúya adamy). Shynghyshan әuleti Daghystandaghy Ghazy-Qúmyq handyghyn joyyp, býkil Daghystan men Soltýstik Kavkaz aimaghy biyligin Avar nusalidigi әuletine, yaghny qyrymdyq Urus elinen kelgen dinastiyagha bergeni jazylghan. Arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta qazirgi Prohladnaya qalasynan bir kýndik jerdegi tauda (Soltýstik Kavkazda) XIV ghasyrda hristian dindi Urus eli baryn jazghanyn ol kisi jayly maqalada mәlimdedik (yaghni, Urus eli Altyn Orda imperiyasymen kórshi әri tatu bolghan). Sheshenderde Urus degen teyp saqtalghany jәne Urus-Martan qalasy atauy solarmen baylanysty ekeni mәlim. Daghystan men Soltýstik Kavkazda kók kózdi, qyzyl shashty adamdar az kezdespeydi. Óitkeni, HH ghasyrgha deyin ondaghy taulardy qalyng nu ormandar kómkerip jatqan, al kýn sәulesi az týsetin ormandaghy halyqtyng shashy qyzyl, kózi kók bolatyny zandylyq (ol ormandardy Kavkaz soghysynda Resey әskeri órtep azaytty, qalghanyn keyin Kenes әskeri órtedi).

Daghystanda Tavkazah jәne Chudur-kazak degen jer ataulary bar. Armiyan derekteri qúmyqtardy «kazah» dep kórsetkeni de tarihshylargha tansyq emes. Sol qúmyq tili qazaq tiline qarashay-balqar tilderinen de jaqyn. Shyndyghynda, HII ghasyrda Daghystanda ornaghan músylman memleketi – Ghazy-Qúmyq emes, Ghazaq-Qúmyq handyghy. Arabta «g» әrpi joqtyghyn aittyq, «gh» әrpin «g», al songhy «q» әrpin «i» etip búrmalap, arabshadaghy «Ghazaq» atauyn «Gazi» etken, әriyne orys tarihshylary. Arabsha jazylulary: غازق  – Ghazaq, غازى – Ghazi. Qúmyqtardy jaqsylap zerttese, «qazaq» dep atalatyndar әli de bar dep senemin (solay dep bir kavkazdyq aityp edi). Qarashay, balqar, noghaylardy Qazaqstangha jer audarghan Stalin qúmyqtargha tiyisken joq. Shamasy, qúmyqtardaghy qazaq degender Kavkazda qazaqtyng búrynnan bolghanyn jariya qyludan qoryqqan tәrizdi. Bizding tarihty ózgertude Stalin ýlken ister atqarghan. Digor últyna digor tilin qoldanugha tyiym salghan, týrkilik últtardyng arabsha jazbasyn әueli latynshagha, sosyn kirilisagha kóshirtip, olardyng úrpaqtaryn ejelgi jazbalaryn týsine almaytyn kýige jetkizgen Stalin edi. Resey iyezuidterining týrkiler tarihyn ózgertu josparlaryn ary qaray iske asyrghan da osy Stalin bolatyn.

Qúmyqtar HI ghasyrda Daghystangha týgel kóship ketken eken, al evrey men músylman qazaqtardyng bir bóligi qazirgi Azerbayjan aimaghynda qalyp qoyghan. Óitkeni, onda evrey mekenderi әli bar, ataqty Cherkizov bazarynyng qojayyny Teliman Ismaylov sol jerding evreyi. Al qazaqtar onda «borchalo-kazah», «qazahlar» degen ataularmen belgili jәne Qazaq dalasy men Qazaq qalasy sonda saqtalyp qaldy.

Al HIII ghasyrda Shynghyshan әskeri kelgende Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli derbes patshalyq bolghanyn jәne Alan patshalyghymen odaqtas ekenin Ibn әl Asir deregi rastaydy. Shynghyshan әskeri olarmen ózderi bir halyq ekenin aityp ýgittep jәne syi-siapat jasap qazaqtardy soghysudan bas tartqyzghany, sosyn әueli alandardy talqandaghanyn, keyin Qazaq elin shauyp tonaghanyn Ibn әl Asir bayandaydy. Sol kezde Qazaq elining kóp bóligi jan-jaqqa bosyp ketken. Ol derek bylay órbitiledi «Posle togo, kak tatary zanyaly zemlu kipchakov, poslednie rasseyalisi: odna chasti ushla v stranu rusov, drugaya rasseyalasi po svoim goram, bolishinstvo je iyh, sobravshisi, napravilisi k Shirvan.... Odnako musulimane, kurdji, lakzy y drugiye, pochuvstvovav smelosti po otnoshenii k niym, unichtojily iyh, ubili, grabily y zahvatily v plen, tak chto kipchaskiy rab (memluk) prodavalsya v Shirvane po (samoy) nizkoy sene...». (Ibn әl Asir – «Polnyy sbornik letopiysey»).

Mine, osy kezde Qazaq elining bir toby Don aimaghyna ketken (úrpaqtary – Don kazaktary). Bir toby Urus eline, yaghny Qyrymgha barghan, bir toby Armeniya jerine ketken (ondaghy Kasah ózeni men sarqyramasy sol qazaqtardan qalghan belgi). Olardyng kóbisi qazirgi Azerbayjan aimaghyna barghan jәne qazaqtardyng kóbi tútqyngha týsip qúldyqqa satylghan (Alandar qúramynda qúl toby dep kórsetilgen «kasah» pen digor-osetinderi qúramynda qúl toby dep kórsetilgen «kasagta» sol qúldyqqa týsken qazaqtar ekeni týsinikti). Óz jerinde qalghan qazaqtar XVI ghasyrda qanday kýide ekenin Anna Antonovskaya enbegindegi derektermen jetkizdik.

Don aimaghynda H ghasyrda kóshpendi qazaqtar bolghanyn arab tarihshysy Ál Masudy jazghanyn aittyq. Al «Don» atauyn qazaqshalaghanda – dón, orysshasy – holm. Dóndi, qyratty aimaq bolghandyqtan qazaqtar solay ataghan (mysaly, Aqtóbe oblysyndaghy Dóng degen jerde «Dón» ken bayytu fabrikasy ornalasqan, ony oryssha «Donskoe gorno obogotiytelinaya fabrika» dep ataydy). Don – ózen atauy emes, ol ózen Tanays dep atalghan erteden. Ataudyng qazaq halqymen baylanysty ekenin jasyru ýshin «Dóndi» «Don» qylghan jәne sondaghy ózen atauyna ainaldyrghan Resey imperiyasynyng sayasaty. Alayda, ol aimaqty erteden kazaktar mekendegeni jәne Resey ol eldi keyinge deyin «Dikoe pole» dep ataghany anyq faktiler. Arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta XIV ghasyrda sol Don aimaghyn mekendegender týrki tildi qypshaqtar ekenin bayandaydy (yani, qazaqtar). Ol sol týrkitildi qypshaqtardyng qazirgi Kubandaghylary hristiandar ekenin, al qazirgi Stavropol aimaghyndaghylary músylmandar ekenin kórsetedi. Hristian qazaqtar Shynghyshan shapqan HIII ghasyrda Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq elining Qyrymgha barghandary degen jón. Olar Qyrymda otyrghan Urus pen Sakalban elinen hristiandyq qabyldaghan. Don qazaqtarynyng XVI ghasyrda Resey imperiyasy yqpalyna týsuine sol hristian qazaqtar sebepker bolghan tәrizdi. Kazaktardyng bir tobynyng últtyq kiyimi qazaqtardikine úqsaydy, al negizgi bóliginde últtyq kiyim kavkazdyqqa jaqyn. Últtyq kiyimderi qazaqsha kazaktar – Don aimaghynda otyrghan kóshpendi qazaqtar, al qalghany – Kavkazdan barghan qazaqtar ekeni dausyz. Kóshpendi qazaqtardyng kóbisi músylman boldy, sondyqtan olar qazaqtyghyn joghaltpay saqtap qaldy jәne әli de Volgograd, Astrahan aimaqtarynda ata-babalarynyng jerinde otyr. Kazaktargha XVII ghasyrda cherkes degender qosylghan, olar – qazaqtyng sherkesh taypasynyng hristiandyqqa ótken bóligi. Resey ghalymdary óz әdetimen qazaq tarihyn joqqa shygharumen boldy, olar HIH ghasyrdan bastap adygeylerdi «cherkes» dep atap keledi. Alayda, adygey halqy ózin eshqashan «cherkes» dep tanymaghan jәne ony moyyndamaydy. Al qazaqtyng sherkesh taypasy sol Dongha jaqyn aimaqta әli bar, osy faktini orystar әdeyi kózge ilmeydi.

Kolhida dalasyndaghy Qazaq eli eshki jýninen shәli mata óndirgenin, sonday matany Orynbor kazaktary da toqyghanyn aittyq. Qavkazdan shyqqan qazaqtar Dónge (Don aimaghyna) malymen birge kóship barghany jәne maldary negizinen eshkiler bolghany anyq (Orynbor kazaktarynda eshki sharuashylyghy saqtalghan). Orystar Altyn Orda zamanynda Altyn Ordagha bodan Búlghar eli bolghanyn arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta deregimen kórsettik. Búlgharlar – týrki tildi halyq, olar Qazaq elin qysqasha «qaz el» dep ataghan. Búlghar elin, yaghny Reseydi biylegen Ivan Groznyidyng әskeri Don qazaqtarynan jasaqtaldy. Ivan Groznyidyng óz esimi – Tit («tittay» degen maghynada), ony hristian әri slavyan etip kórsetu ýshin «Ivan Groznyi» degen jalghan atpen tariyhqa engizgen keyingi Resey imperiyasy. Ivan Groznyidyng anasy – qazaq hany Mamaydyng qyzy (Mamay bolsa Qasym hannyng balasy, Qasym han qaytys bolghanda ornyna han bolghan, shyndyqty jasyru ýshin ony qazaq shejiresine Mamash dep engizgen de orys sayasatkerleri). Ivan Groznyy qol astyndaghy orys-búlgharlardy baghynyshynda ústau ýshin naghashy júrty qazaqtardy әsker etip ústaghan (streleskie polkiy), ol orys-búlgharlardyng jappay hristiandyq qabyldauyn toqtatu ýshin shirkeulerdi órtep, svyashennikterdi óltirumen boldy. Altyn Orda zamanynan Búlghar eli men Altyn Ordanyng negizgi halqy – qazaqtar arasynda ózara jekkórushilik bolghan, onyng sebebi «búlghar seperatizmi» ekeni týsinikti. Qazaqtardyng músylmandyghy óte myqty bolghanyn sol Ibn Batuta bayandaydy.

Búlgharlardyng Qazaq elin jek kórui aqyrynda sol qazaqtyng músylmandyghyn da jek kóruge úryndyrghan der edim. Osylaysha músylman búlgharlar jappay hristiandyqqa óte bastaghan (uahabiyshil az ghana qazaqty jek kóremin dep, ata dini Islamnan jery bastaghan qazirgi key qazaqtar  tәrizdi). Búlghar eli Ivan Groznyiding әskeri bolghan qazaqtardy da jek kórgen. Óitkeni, ol qazaqtar polisiya men jazalaushy armiya qyzmetin qatar atqarghan. Búlgharlar Qazaq elin qysqasha «qaz el» dep atady dedik, olar sol qazaqtardyng negizgi maly eshkini de «qaz el» dep ataghan der edim. Orys halqynyng poliyseylerdi erteden «kozyol» dep atap jek kórui sol Ivan Groznyy zamanynda poliysey qyzmetin atqarghan «qaz el» adamdarymen baylanysty saqtalghan siyaqty. Áriyne, Don qazaqtary keyin hristiandyqqa ótken son, eshkini qoyyp shoshqa asyraugha kóshti. Alayda, Orynbor kazaktary eshki sharuashylyghyn saqtap qalghanyn aittyq.

Shynghyshan shapqynshylyghynan Kavkaz qazaqtary qazirgi Týrkiya aumaghyna da jetken (jan-jaqqa bas saughalap ketken son, olargha kim kóringen әlimjettik jasap qúldyqqa salghan). Olardy tarihta «qay» taypasy dep kórsetedi jәne olar da eshkini kóp asyraghan әri mata óndirip satumen ainalysqan. Olardy biylegen Súleymen úly Ertúghyryl jәne onyng әieli Týrki Seldjuk (Tórgi Asyljik) dinastiyasynan boldy. Ertúghyryl úly Osman keyingi Osman imperiyasyn ornatqan. Resey oqymystylary әdetimen «Qay taypasy oghyz elinen, olar qazirgi Týrkimenstan aimaghynan barghan» dep búrmalaydy. Al Týrkiya ghalymdary ejelgi otandary Resey imperiyasy qol astynda (Kenes Odaghy) bolghandyqtan, onda derbes ghylymy zertteuler jýrgize almady. Amalsyz orystar aitqan jalghan tújyrymdardy qabyldaugha mәjbýr boldy. Reseylikter Týrki Seldjuk tobyn da oghyz elinen deytini, olardy oghyzdardyng qynyq taypasynan dep jazatyny ras. Alayda, sol oghyzdardyng ýzilmegen jalghasy týrkimenderde qynyq pen qay degen ru-taypa atymen joq. Aldynghy maqalalarymyzdyng birinde Týrki Seldjuk toby Týrki Ashina dinastiyasynan ekenin, yaghny Týrki Seldjuk atauy dúrysynda Tórgi Asyljik ekenin jәne olardyng qazaq dalasynan baryp Oghyz elin biylegenin aitqanbyz. Oghyz elin alghash biylep bastaghan – Týrki Seldjuk Mәlik әl-Ghazi, arabsha jazbadaghy «әl ghazaq» atauyn әdeyi orysshada «al-gazi» dep búrmalap jibergen (Arabsha jazylulary: غاذق – Ghazaq, غاذى – Ghaziy). Arabsha jazbadaghy «Týrki Seldjukter – qazaq elinen» degen derekti «Týrki Seldjukter – qynyq taypasynan» dep búrmalaghan da Resey sayasaty (Arapsha jazylulary: قنق – qazaq, قذق – qynyq).

Týrikting Ertúghyryl jayly teleserialynan onyng eli kiyiz ýilerde túratyn jәne eshki ústaytyn halyq ekenin kórdik. Alayda, olardyng týr-týsteri aziyat emes, kavkazdyq bolghan (ol jerding halqyna úqsamaytyn bolsa, yaghny aziyattar bolsa, tarihy derekterde aitylar edi). Alandardy ertede biylegen rudy armiyan jazbalary ash-digor dep kórsetken, olar qazirgi osetin halqynda digor atauymen saqtalghan jәne óz tilderi qarashay-balqarlargha jaqyn. Qarashay-balqarlardyng ata-babasy – alandar Huni halqynan ekenin aldynghy maqalamyzda jazdyq (qytayshada – lyani, húng tili men qazaqshada – úlan). Úlan taypasynyng I ghasyrda Kavkazgha ornyqqandaryn parsy-grekter «alan» dep ataghandyqtan, olar keyin solay atalyp ketken (Pribaltika aimaghynda XIV ghasyrda otyrghan qazaq («tatar-kazak» delingen) taypalarynyng nayman, arghyn, ulan, qonyrat dep kórsetilui «úlan» atauly taypa sol ghasyrda bolghanyn dәleldeydi). Sondyqtan digor dúrysynda – túghyr, al ash-digor – as-túghyr. As – Asylúya atauynyng keyingi qysqarghan núsqasy, sonda as-túghyr huni halqyn biylegen Asylúya taypasynyng bir ruy bolghany.

Kavkazdan qazirgi Týrkiyagha barghan qazaqtardy biylegen Ertúghyryl esimi «Er túghyr el» degen maghynada der edim (túghyr elining batyry), onyng әuleti As-Túghyr ruynan bolghan. Týrki Seldjuk dinastiyasy qyzyna qarapayym rudyng adamy ýilene almaghan. Osy faktining ózi Ertúghyryldyng Asylúynyng Túghyr (ash-digor) ruynan ekenin kórsetedi. Onyng eli «qay» dep atalghanyn aittyq, al «qay» atauy men «qazaq» atauy arabshada birdey jazylady (Arapsha jazylulary: قذق – qazaq, قاى – qay).  Demek, Ertúghylyl eli – Kavkazdan barghan Qazaq halqy jәne Osman imperiyasyn ornatqan sol Ertúghyryldyng úly Osman bolatyn. Tarihshylar Ertúghyryldy «Ertúghyryl ghazi» dep te jazady, ony dúrysynda «Ertúghyryl ghazaq» deuge bolady (jogharyda «ghazi» men «ghazaq» arabshada óte úqsas jazylatynyn kórsettik).

Ertúghyryl eli әueli Alepo qalasynan asa qashyq emes aimaqqa ornalasady, sol qay eli mekenine ainalghany teleserialda aitylady. Shamamen, Siriyanyng sol aimaqtaghy Týrkiyamen shekaralas provinsiyasy «Kasak» dep atalady. Onda qynyq, qypshaq nemese qay degen ataular joq, al ýlken provinsiya – Kasak. Búl beker emes, ol jer Ertúghyryl ghazy eli bolsa, onda onyng halqy qazaq bolghany jәne ony ózge el biyleushileri Ertúghyryl ghazaq dep ataghan. Týrik halqynda ejelgi otandary qazirgi Qazaqstan degen týsinikting saqtaluy da beker emes. Ol úghymnyng Týrki Seldjuk dinastiyasy men Osman imperiyasyn ornatqan Osman Ertúghyryl elining qazaqtar ekendigimen baylanysty ekeni sózsiz. Týrki Ashina bizding jerimizde VI ghasyrda Týrki qaghanatyn ornatty jәne halqy qazaqtar boldy. Olardyn  úrpaghy Týrki Seldjuk toby H ghasyrda bizden baryp Oghyz elin baghyndyrdy. Olar úzaq uaqyt Oghyz elin biylegendikten, qol astyndaghy oghyz halqy dialektisine kóshti. Alayda, ózderin «oghyz» demegen, «týrki qazaq» dep tanydy jәne basshysyn arab jazbalary «Seldjuk Malik al-ghazaq» dep, yaghny «Seldjuk Ámirshi qazaqtan» dep kórsetti («qazaq» atauyn «qynyq» dep,  «al-ghazaq» sózin «al-gazi» dep búrmalaghan orys ghalymdary). Oghyz halqy Týrki Seldjuk tobyn qatty qadirlegeni, sol sebepti ózderin keyin «oghyz» dep emes, «týrkimin» dep ataugha tyrysqany jәne týrkimen atauy osylay qalyptasqany bayqalady.

Jogharyda Azerbayjan memlekettiligining negizin qalaghan Eldengiz Atabekting qypshaq ekeni jәne әskerinde qypshaqtar kóp bolghany, keyin sol qypshaqtardyng Iran aimaghyna qonystanghany jayly tarihshylar aitqanyn jazdyq. Olar shynynda qypshaq emes, qazaqtar ekeni dausyz, ony sol Azerbayjan aimaghyndaghy Qazaq ataulary da dәleldeydi (onda qypshaq atauy mýlde joq). Iran memleketinde Kavkazdan shyqqan músylmandardan jasaqtalghan kazak әskeri saray tónkeristerinde qoldanylghany, olardy Reseyden kelgen Kasagovskiy degen kazak-orys jattyqtyrghany aitylady. Áriyne, Resey olardy Kavkaz qazaqtary demeydi, olardy ertede Kavkazdan shyqqan músylman kýrdi, týrkimender dep kórsetedi. Olay bolsa, nege «kazak» dep atalatynyn týsindire almaydy. Dúrysynda, olar sonau Eldengiz Atabek zamanynan bastap Kavkazdan baryp Irangha ornyqqan qazaqtar.

Osy maqalada kórsetilgen әrbir derekkke qazaq tarihshylary nazar salsa, Ibn әl Asir men Ál Masudy jәne Ibn Batuta jazbalaryn tikeley arabshadan qazaqshagha audarsa (tek qazaq audarmashylary kómegimen) ýlken is tyndyrar edi. Al senimsiz әri derekteri ózara qarama-qayshylyqqa toly Rashid ad din jazbasyn qazaqshalau týk payda bermeydi. Ol tek reseylik iydeologiyamen jazylghan jalghan tarihtyng kýsheye beruine jaghday jasaydy. Shynynda, ol jazbany dayyndaghan Resey imperiyasyndaghy iyezuidter ordeni, ony qazaqshalaudy evrey alpauyty qarjylandyruyn týsinuge bolady.

Daghystandaghy Qazaq-Qúmyq handyghy jayly aityp óttik. Ibn Batuta jayly aldynghy maqalamyzda onyng Hajtúrghan (Astrahan) qalasynan Akky (Prohladnaya) qalasyna, sosyn odan Qara teniz jaghasyndaghy Sudak (Novorossiysk) qalasyna barghanyn kórsettik. Sol  jolynda Ibn Batuta kәzirgi Qabardiyn-Balqar, Ingushetiya jәne Soltýstik Osetiya jerleri arqyly ótken. Ol bir kýndik jerdegi tauda (Soltýstik Kavkazda) hristiyan Urus eli baryn aitady (Avar nusalidigin biylegen Urus dinastiyasy jayly jogharyda aittyq), osy derek onyng tau etegindegi qyratty dalamen jýrip ótkenin anyqtaydy. Onyng osy jolynda tek qypshaqtar (qazaqtar) kezdeskenin kóremiz, jolynda osetiyn, ingush, kabardinder kezdesse ol sózsiz aitar edi (Ibn Batuta onday derekterdi әrdayym kórsetip otyrudy úmytpaghan). Demek kәzirgi Qabardiyn-Balqar, Soltýstik Osetiya, Ingushetiya aimaqtarynda 14 ghasyrda Altyn Orda halqy qazaqtar (qypshaqtar) mekendegen (avar, sheshen, balqar, qabardiyn, osetiyn, ingushter tauda otyrghandyqtan Ibn Batuta jolynda kezdespegen). Ibn Batuta bayandaghan Akky (Prohladnaya) qalasy әuelde kazaktargha tiyesili bolghany qala tarihynda kórsetilgen. Atalghan jerler 19 ghasyrda Terskaya guberniyasy qúramynda boldy, al Soltýstik Kavkazdaghy kazaktar «terskie kazaki» dep atalghan. Kavkaz soghystarynyng kuәgeri Lev Tolstoy 19 ghasyrda «terskie kazaky bir-birimen tatarsha sóilesetinin» kórsetken. Osylaysha kazaktardyng týrkitildi ekenin kórsetedi, «kazak» degen ataulary olardyng tatar emes qazaq ekenine kuә (orystar barsha týrkilerdi «tatar» depte tanyghan sol zaman, qyrymlardy «qyrymskie tatary», azarbayjandardy «zakavkazskie tatary», qúmyqtardy «dagestanskie tatary», hakastardy «abakanskie tatary» dep ataghan). Sheshender men «terskie kazaki» jer ýshin jii qaqtyghysqany, Resey imperiyasy olardy Kubani aimaghyna kóshirgeni sol aimaq tarihynda jazylghan (tau halyqtary tómengi jazyqtargha ornyghyp, ondaghy «terskie kazaki» Kuban men Stavropoli aimaqtaryna kóshirilgen). Kazaktar arghy teginde qazaq ekeni anyq, ol jayynda jogharyda aityp kórsettik. Terskie kazaky degenderde qazaqtar, olar Altyn Ordanyng halqy (Ibn Batuta jazbasynyng orysshasynda «qypshaq»). Olardyng ontýstiginde, kәzirgi Gruziyadaghy Kolhida oipatynda Qazaq eli boldy. Sol Kolhida jazyghyndaghy Qazaq eli teriskeyinde, taudyng arghy jaghynda otyrghan tuystaryn «teriskey qazaqtary» dep ataghan deymiz. Osy «teriskey qazaqtary» atauyn «terskie kazaki» etken әriyne Resey imperiyasy sayasaty. Teriskey qazaqtary men taudan jazyqqa kóshken músylman tau halyqtary arasynda jer dauy bolghan, onyng arty qan tógisterge úlasqan.

Teriskey qazaqtary jeri ýshin Resey imperiyasynyng qolshoqparyna ainaldy, olar býkil Kavkazdy Reseyge baghyndyryp berdi. Al ózderi jerinen ghana emes, qazaqylyghynanda airylyp orys tildi kazak degen tobyrgha ainaldy. Aldymen aqsha tólep әsker qyldy, sosyn dinine kirgizdi, al ol dinde shirkeu tilinde sóilemegen adam «yazychniyk» delinip qughyngha úshyraghan (shirkeu-orys tilinde sóilemegen adam hristiyan dep sanalmaghan). Hristiyandyq qabyldaghan qazaq óz ana tilinen bas tartyp, orys tiline kóshuge mәjbýr bolghan (basqa jol bolmaghan). Shoqyndyru arqyly ol qazaqtardy «imperiyanyng kazak degen zomby әskerine» ainaldyrdy.

Shoqynghan qazaqtar úrpaghy arghy tegi qazaq ekenin, Altyn Orda imperiyasynyng basty halqy bolghanyn úmytty, olar «za Sariya y za Serkov» dep úrandaghan kazak әskerine ainaldy. Olar Evraziyany biylegen jauynger qazaqtardyng úrpaqtary, olardyng Resey imperiyasy útymdy paydalandy. Shyn mәninde Resey imperiyasyna Sibir men Qyiyr Shyghysty, Qyrym men Kavkazdy, Qazaqstan men Orta Aziyany baghyndyryp bergen kazak jauyngerleri ekeni aqighat. Olardyng arghy tegin úmyttyru ýshinde tarihymyz búrmalandy. Endi sol kazaktardyng úrpaqtaryna aqiqatty aityp týsindiretin uaqyt jetti. Tym bolmasa Qazaqstan men Orta Aziyadaghylary arghy tegi qazaq ekenine kózderi jetse. Resey imperiyasy atalaryn «arzan zomby әskerge» ainaldyrghanyn týsinse, olardyng aldaghy uaqytta Resey qolshoqpary bolmauyna qol jetkizer edik.

Qazaqtyng shynayy tarihy Qazaq Memleketining tәuelsizdigin nyghaytuymyzgha birden-bir qajet is. Danqty ejelgi tarihy baryn úqqan qazaqtyng balasy  men qyzy óz últyn maqtan tútatyn bolady. Onday adam orys pen qytaygha sinuge tyryspaydy, kerisinshe orys pen qytaydy ghana emes, býkil Evraziyany biylep-tóstegen halyqtan ekeni olardy óz últyn qadirleytin dengeyge kóteredi.  Naghyz ruhany janghyru sonda bolady. Alayda Putindi taqqa otyrghyzghan iyezuidter qarap otyrghan joq, olarda jan úshyryp ózderi endirgen jalghan tarihty Evraziya aimaghynda saqtap qalugha tyrysuda. Qazaqstanda «Qazaq geografiyalyq qoghamy» payda boluy, Qazaqstan telearnalarynyng tarihymyzdy tek reseylik eski núsqada nasihattauy, ghalymdarymyzdyng tarihy izdenisterine reseylik ghalymdardyng jii aralasuy kezdeysoqtyq emes....

(Jalghasy bar) 

Bekjan Ádenúly

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