Alash iydeyasynyn, Alash qozghalysynyng aituly túlghalarynyng biri, pedagog, publisist, qogham qayratkeri Teljan Shonanúlynyng «Qazaq jer mәselesining tarihy» atty (27 taraudan túratyn) ghylymiy-zertteu enbegi 1923 jyly jazylyp, 1926 jyly Tashkentte basylyp shyqqan. Búl kólemdi shygharma taqyrypty tereng zertteuimen, ghylymy dәiektiligimen, asa kórkem tilimen erekshe kózge týsedi.
«El-shejire» qoghamdyq qorynyng janynan tayauda ghana jaryq kórgen «Teljan Shonanúly. Shygharmalary» atty jinaqtan atalghan enbekting HIH tarauyn «Qonys» oqyrmandaryna úsynudy jón kórdik.

Alash iydeyasynyn, Alash qozghalysynyng aituly túlghalarynyng biri, pedagog, publisist, qogham qayratkeri Teljan Shonanúlynyng «Qazaq jer mәselesining tarihy» atty (27 taraudan túratyn) ghylymiy-zertteu enbegi 1923 jyly jazylyp, 1926 jyly Tashkentte basylyp shyqqan. Búl kólemdi shygharma taqyrypty tereng zertteuimen, ghylymy dәiektiligimen, asa kórkem tilimen erekshe kózge týsedi.
«El-shejire» qoghamdyq qorynyng janynan tayauda ghana jaryq kórgen «Teljan Shonanúly. Shygharmalary» atty jinaqtan atalghan enbekting HIH tarauyn «Qonys» oqyrmandaryna úsynudy jón kórdik.

Jogharghy bólimderde ishki Reseydegi mújyqtyng jerin oghan «azattyq» bergende, aqsýiekter qalay kýshke sýienip, útyp alyp sorlatqanyn kórdik. «Azattyq» aldynda da, sonynan da jer ýshin qalyng qara shekpendiler kóterilis jasap, patsha ýkimeti mújyq selolaryn qanmen juyp, basyp otyrghanyn kórdik. Sonda da halyq jerge úmtyluyn qoymay, Sibir men qazaq dalasy otarlanghanymen ishki Reseyde jer mәselesi sheshilmey, әsirese qara topyraqty jerdi kem alghan guberniyalarda 1898 jyldan bastap kóterilis tym kýsheyedi. Eng aldymen ýlken janjal shygharghan - Poltava guberniyasynyng mújyqtary. Alpauyttardyng aghashyn kesip, jerin basyp alyp, adamyn óltirip, dýniyesin talay bastaydy. Búghan Harikov mújyqtary da qosylyp, Poltavada 54, Harikovte 27 alpauyttyng meken-jayy talanady. Ýkimetting qatal shara qoldanghanyna qaramay, narazy mújyqtar әr guberniyadan búlargha qosyla beredi.
Japon soghysynan Resey jenildi, sharuany kýizeltti, el tótenshe apatqa úshyrady. Ýkimetke qarsy qaladaghy tónkerisshil júmysker de kóterildi. Búl júmyskerler kóterilisi mújyqtyng kóterilisshil shoghynyng ýstine qúighan may bolyp shyqty. Búghan sol jyldardaghy egin shyqpauynyng syltauy qosyldy. Búrynnan sabyry tozghan enbekshil halyq dauyldaghy tenizdey tolqyndady. 1905 jyldyng ataqty tónkeris qimyly bastaldy. Halyqtyng kóterilisi bógetti búzyp shyqqan tasqyn susha, býtin Reseyge jayylyp, alpauyttardy, baylardy tónkeris topanyna batyryp jiberuge ainaldy. Alpauyttar jerin bankke sata bastaghan edi, bank satyp alghan jerin mújyqqa sata bastady. Duma shaqyryldy. Jibergen ókilimiz bizge baylardyng jerin alyp beredi dep mújyq kýtti. Dumadan kýtken ýmit oryndalmady. Polisiya, jandarm, nadan soldat kýshine sýisinip, Reseyding ýstin qandy selge jauyp, ýkimet tónkeristi basty. Jer mәselesining sony dәuiri - Stolypin zany shyqty.
Kishi Reseyde jer sayasaty ózgertildi. Ýkimet tynyshsyz mújyqty syrtqa - Sibir men qazaq dalasyna búrynghydan beter toghytyp aiday bastady. Qazaq dalasyna 1906-1909 jyldar arasyndaghyday búryn da, sonynan da mújyqtyng kóp kelip kórgen uaqyty joq. Týrkistan siyaqty búryn otar bolmay túrghan audandardy da otar qyla bastady.
Kókshetau uezinde 1906 jylgha qarsy «artyq» degen jerding bәri alynyp bitedi. 1906 jyldyng 1 shildesine qaray Aqmola, Torghay oblystarynda «otarlyq jerding qory tausylyp bitken. Endi ýkimet ne qylmaq?». Ýkimetting endi qazaqtan taghy artyq jer tauyp alghysy keledi, búrynghy Sherbina normasyn qayta pishkisi keledi. Qazaqtardyng sharuasyn, túrmysyn, jerin qayta zerttep shyqty. Túzdyng ataghymen normany shúntityp, qazaqqa qalghan jerden taghy «auysqan jer» shygharyp, kesip alghysy keledi. Qazaq sharuasy qara esekke teris minse de, amaldan artyq jer shygharugha qam qylady.
Osy maqsatqa ýilestirip, dóptep, esep alugha 1907-11 jyldar arasynda Aqmola, Semeyge Kuznesov ekspedisiyasy, Oral, Torghay oblystaryna pereselen mekemesining sanaq partiyasy barymtagha, qazaq jerine attandy. A. A. Kaufman syqyldy pereselen piri búlargha bata berip, jol kórsetip otyrady. Qazaq jerining qaraqúlaqtary, ishki Reseydegi aqsýiek jerin aman alyp qalu niyetimen, onnan, soldan úrandasyp qosylady.
«Dauyl habarshysy» degen - dauyl aldynda, teniz ýstinde qanatyn sabalap shyghyp, dauyl tynsa joq bolyp ketetin qús bar. A.A. Kaufman Reseyde jer jayyn bilgish ataghyn menshiktegen, pereselenning piri, ol әsirese qazaq jerin otarlau kezinde sol qús syqyldy edi. Qazaq jerinen artyq jer kerek bolsa, qazaqtyng bir jerin otar qylghysy kelse, barlap qaytugha ýkimet sol Kaufmanday atarman-shabarmanyn atqa mingizetin edi.
Sibir temir jolynyng komiyteti qúrylyp, Qostanay, Aqtóbe uezderinde jol ezuindegi jerlerge eseptep otar qylamyz degende 1897 jyly Kaufman jiberilip edi. Kaufman otarlaugha artyq jerding úshy-qiyry joq, otarlaugha jerining qúiqasy da әdemi-aq degen son, osy eki uezge ýkimet Sherbina ekspedisiyasyn, ekspedisiyamen qosa jer tonaushy «uaqytsha partiyalaryn» jibergen edi. Sonda Kaufman búl eki uezge shyghyp, iә ólshep, iә tabighat jaghdayyn synap kórmesten kózdi júmyp jiberip, aityp edi. «Altyn kórse perishte joldan tayady», qazaq jerine jerik bolghanda Kaufmandar úyatty jyly jabady.
Qazaq dalasynda «artyq» jer talanyp bolghan son, búrynghy Sherbinanyng artyq degen jerining 1/3 ghana otargha alynsyn deu Kaufman siyaqty pereselen pirlerine az kórinip, 1901 jyldyng 5 nauryzynda búiryq shyghartady. Endi búl jarlyq boyynsha jerding J ghana kazakqa qalynyp, S-i bar otargha kesip alynatyn boldy.
Biraq oqushylar oilamasyn, Sherbinadan song Kaufman qazaq jerin dúrysyraq zerttep, manyzdyraq, senimdirek maghlúmat tauyp, qazaqqa pay salyp otyr eken dep. Joq, maghlúmatty, normany, sanaqty baqsylarsha boljap tapqan son, Kaufmandar pereseleniyege pir bolmaqshy. Mine, osy 5 nauryz búiryghy qazaqtyng janadan 8-9 mln. desyatina jerinen airyluyna әkelip soqty. Talay qazaqtyng iyemdenip otyrghan jeri «artyq» dep tabylyp, olar mekenderinen quyldy. Qazaqqa qaldyrylghan 25% jer de telimge týsip, tausylyp kele jatqan son, Sherbina normasy pereselenie payghambarlaryna kóp kórinip kele jatqan mezgilde, qazaqtyng basqa jerlerinen de otarlyq jer izdep jýrgen kezde, 1903 jyly Oral oblysyna A.A. Kaufman taghy keldi. Oral tónireginde «dauyl habarshysy» qús kórindi. Búl kezge deyin Oral oblysyna mújyqtardy ornalastyrugha esik jabyq bolatyn. Kaufmannyng múnda keluindegi maqsaty - Oralda qansha jer artyq, jerining audany qanday ekenin bilu. Tórening isi asyghys (bir jerge júmysqa kelgen tóreler asyqpay jýre me), oghan sol jyly Týrkistangha da baryp «artyq jer» tauyp qaytu kerek. Tóre temirqazyq jaqtaghy bir-eki oryngha baryp, asyghyp túrsa da, shylymyn tartyp bolghansha, 720 myng desyatina bos jatqan jer tauyp, pereselen ornatu - Kaufman syqyldy pereselen pirlerine qanday iygilik! Ataq, shen! Ózine de - jer, bәri dayar. Biraq tórening oiyna aldynghy 5 nauryzda ózining qazaqqa artyq jerding 25% qalsyn degeni týsedi. Qazaqqa kaldyratyn jerdi shygharyp tastaghanda, «artyq jer» tipti tabylmaghan esebinde bolady. Úyat-ay, Kaufman beti qyzarmay, «artyq jer» az taptym dep, baru qanday qiyn. Az jer tórening bir kelip-qaytqandaghy shyghynyna da túrmaydy. Týiedey tóre týimedey jer tabuy, bir jaghynan, aldyndaghy uaq chinovnikterden úyat, ekinshi jaghynan, qazaqtyng en jerine kelip, esh nәrse útpay qaytqany ataghyna qanday kemis. Kaufman qysylghanda taghy bir aqyl tauyp ketpese, baryp túrsyn. Aytqanymyzday-aq, saly sugha ketkendey bolyp túrghanda, qúday tórening esesine mayly qonysh qazaqqa artyq delingen jerding 1/10 qaldyrylsa da, quanyshy qoynyna syimay yrzalyghynan bizdey qamqorshylardyng syrtynan bes namazynyng sonynan dúgha oqyp otyrar degen oida qaldy. Kaufman auzymen pereselen tóreleri aitady: «Uezder, әsirese oblystar týgel, tegis zerttelmesin, tek pereselen qaldyrugha layyqty jerlermen, sol jerlerge qatysy bar qazaqtarmen istes bolu kerek» dep. Kaufmandardan basqa eki ayaqty, bir basty adam balasy múny jaza alar ma? Múnday aqyl tauyp ýkimetke bere alar ma? Búl sózding maghynasy óte teren. Oblys, uezd jerining jaqsy, jamany tegis tekserilse, «Stepnoe polojeniyenin» jer jalpy qazaqqa birdey, jalpy qazaqtan auysqan jer qazynagha alynady degen sózi boyynsha, bayqalmay jeri nashar jәne tar, iyәky tipti joq qazaqtardy ornalastyryp qalmayyq dep myqty saqtyq qylghan әdis. Qanday әdispen bolsa da, qazaqtan ótirik-rasyn aralastyryp, «artyq jer» tabu kerek. Qazaq sharuasy kýizelse, Kaufmandargha - qazaq jerining qaraqúlaqtaryna bit shaqqanday bolmaydy. Kaufmandar uaqytsha partiyalar shaykalaryna, qazaq jerin zertteuge Sherbinadan song shyqqan sanaushylargha, agronomdargha «jeri molyraq jәne tәuirirek audandardy ghana zertteuge búiryq qylghan».
Pereselenie paydasy jaghynan qaraghanda, әriyne, qazaq jerin tegis, tútas qarap shyqqany tiyimsiz. Nege deseniz, mәselen Temir, Yrghyz uezderin qarastyrghanmen, onda otar qylarlyq jer joq, qayta ol uezding qazaqtaryna basqa uezden jer kesip beru kerek bolady. Búl - bir. Otarlyq jer tabylmaytyn bolghan son, bosqa shyghyndanghan júmys qylghan bolady. Eki. Eski ýkimet maqsaty tek qalayda bolsa, qaydan da bolsa «artyq» degen syltaumen jer alu, әste de qazaqty qonystandyru emes. «Temir uezin alsaq, qúrghaqshylyq, jer betinde su kemistik jәne topyraghynyng olqylyghy sebepti egin salugha tipti kelmeydi. Skalov qorytuynsha: «Temir uezining audany tym keng bolghanymen, beti 12 mln. desyatina bolghanymen otar qylugha Temirqazyq jaghynda 300 myn, kóbeyte salghanda 500 myng desyatina jer ghana keledi».
Múny zerttep ne qylsyn! Jaman jerli qazaq kóp, jersizdiginen jer jaldap alyp, kýn kórip otyrghan qazaqtar qanshama. El sharuasynyng kenesinde, 1905 jyly Ertis boyynda, Altay okruginde 92 myng mýlde jersiz qazaq aqshagha jer jaldap alyp, amaldap jýrgenin Kaufman óz auzymen aitqan. Jersiz qazaq jalghyz Altay okruginde ghana emestigin biz bilemiz. Biraq búl Kaufmannyng eng azaytyp aitqandaghysy. Jalgha jer alghan qazaqtardy týgel bolmasa da, bir-eki jerden kórsete ketelik.
1900 jyly Sherbina ekspedisiyasy Óskemen uezin zerttedi. Sonda ashyldy: jaldama jerde egin salatyn ýiler uezde - 84%, jaldama jerde pishen shauyp kýn kóretinder - 11%. Sol jyly Semey uezinde 6139 ýy jer jaldap alyp otyrady eken. Pavlodar uezinde qara shekpennen jer jaldap otyrghan 114 ýiden baska, Sibir atty kazaktarynan 6736 ýy qazaq (43690 jany bar) jerdi arendagha alyp otyrghan. Búlardyng osy kýngi kýii qanday? Jaqyndaghy, keleshektegi kýii qanday bolar? Mine, tez sheshiluge kerek eki zor mәsele. Ertis jaghasyndaghy qazaqtyng qazirgi kýnin eki-ýsh sózben aitugha bolady. «Jer iyesi atty kazaktyng qúly, atty kazakqa baghynuly. Sonyng ýshin, ómir boyy qalay kýn kóremin dep qorqu, erteng kýnim ne bolady dep alaqtau.
Ertengi kýni de quanyshty emes. Basqa uezderde de osynday arendamen kýn kórip otyrghan qazaqtar kóp.
Jersiz jýrgen qazaqtardy kórip, bilip otyryp, jorta moldau, tәuirleu degen jerdi ghana zerttep, artyq shygharyp alyp, qalghan qazaqtar ólse túrmasyn, búrynghy qaldyratyn 75%-ting ornyna qazaqqa 25% qaldyrsa da jeter dep, eshbir maghlúmatqa sýienbey, normany baqsylarsha bastan shygharyp otyrghan Kaufmandar - qazaq jerining naghyz qaraqúlaqtary bolmaqshy.
1906 jyldary Sherbina sanaghyndaghy artyq jer týgel alynyp bolghanyn jogharyda kórdik. Qazaqqa qaldyrghannan artyq jer (jol, su bәrin qosqanda) 18388716 desyatina dep, Sherbina 12 uezden otarlyq jer kórsetip edi. 1907 jylghy sezde pereselen tóresi, agronom Skalov bayandamasynda aitty: «Osy kýni Arqadaghy otar ornatatyn jer kesushi uaqytsha partiyalar Sherbina normasymen qazaqqa qalghan jerden basqany alyp boldy». Tónkeristen song Sherbina normasyn qayta piship, qayta artyq jer tabugha jogharydaghy tәrtipter shyqty. Sol tәrtipke ýilestirilip, núsqau berilip, 1907-11 jyldar arasynda shyghysqa Kuznesov, batysqa pereselen mekemesining sanaghy shyqty. Qazaq eger jeri mol bolsa, dúrys sharua istemey qúridy eken: jerdi az berse bayyp, qúday beredi eken dep, bylapyt, jalghan sanaqtaryn kórsetti.
Pereselen tórelerining syrttan, ýide otyryp pishken kóshpelige 12 qarasy (12 qarany Hvorostanskiy sózinen jogharyda kórdik) Kuznesov pen pereselen sanaq partiyasynyng jinaghan maghlúmattaryna dәl kelgen boldy. Apyray, pereselen tóreleri esepke janylyspaytyn uәli ghoy! Sanaghanda da 1 ýige 12 qaradan artyq mal kerek emestigin qalay boljap bilgen! Búlardyng boljauyna búljytpastan Kuznesovtar sanaqty qalay dóp shygharghan!
«Sanyrauqúlaq bolsan, dorbagha týs» degen orys maqaly bar. Aqtóbe, Óskemen siyaqty búryn 18 qaragha (Sherbina normasymen) kesken jerge ie bolyp otyrghan qazaqtar 18-di Kuznesov 12-ge týsirgen son, qolyndaghy jerining 1/5-in Kuznesovqa bermesinshi kórelik! Basqa 24 qaragha jer alyp, daliyp otyrghan qazaqtar jerining qaq jartysyn endi qalay bermes eken?! 1906 jyly «artyq» jeri tausylghan Kókshetaudy Kuznesov 1907 jyly sanap, búrynghy normany qayta piship 1774409 desyatina dóngelekten-di. Bir million 774 myng 500 desyatina artyq jer tauyp aldy. Búghan 100 mynnan asa mújyqty ornalastyrdy. Osy songhy sanaqtar tek maldyng sanyn kemitpedi, basqa jaqtardan da qazaqty aldap útty. Búryn Sherbina jaylaulyq tómen jerdi qystaulyqtan 3 ese artyq kesse, songhy sanaq 3 eseni joydy. Mólsherdi 15-20% kem pishti. Sherbina búryn kóshpelige az-múzdan jaylau qaldyrsa, songhy sanaqtyng kóshpelimen isi bolghan joq. Otyrghan jerinen payda izdep, iә basqa jerden jer jaldap, kýn kórip, amalsyz qanghyp jýrgen qazaqtargha tipti jer qaldyrmady. Kókshetaudyng syrtyndaghy 448 ýy tipti sybaghasyz, atausyz qaldy. 1893 jyldyng 3 mausym erejesining 15-baby boyynsha, Sibirge audarylghan mújyqtardyng erkegine 15 desyatinadan jer berilsin degenine sýienip, jer mýlkining departamenti jarlyq shyghardy (1900 jyl, 5 mamyr, № 605): Aqmola men Semeyde sybagha jer 15 desyatinadan kem berilsin dep. Sonynan búl mólsher Oral, Torghayda ústaldy. Búl Reseyden mújyqty kóbirek shygharugha istelgen әdis. Is jýzinde әrbir erkekke 8-15 desyatina jer berildi.
Oral, Torghay sanaghyn da Kuznesovtikine dóp keltirdi. Qostanay, Oraldyng tәuir topyraqty arqa jaqtaghy bolystaryna 12 desyatinadan artyq qazaq basyna jer berilip, sonda azbaydy, tozbaydy, sharuasy ilgeri attaydy dep pereselen mekemesi norma shyghardy. Kenaral, Mendiqara, bolysynda 12, Qiyl, Oiyl bolysynda 12,5-20, Qayyndy bolysynda - 12,5-22, Qaraghandy bolysynda - 12,5-20 desyatina. Búlar egin salyp, mal asyrap otyrghan jerler. Esep týri mynau: bir ýide 12 qara bolsa jaraydy. 6 qarasy bar ýii 6 desyatina egin salady. 6 qarasyna 30 desyatina beriledi. Ne bary 12, 36 qaranyng qalghan 6-na 21 desyatina jer kerek. Ne bary sonda egini jәne 12 qarasyna 1 ýige 57 desyatina keledi. Qazaqty jaqsy kórgendikten 60 desyatina beruge bolady. Jaman jerde, kil sor men qúmaqta otyrghan ontýstiktegi bolystardyng jan basyna 20 desyatina jetkilikti dep norma shyghardy. Búlar da egin salatyn bolystar. Sonymen, jan basyna 20 desyatinadan qúm men sordan sybagha alyp, eginshi bolatyn qazaqty qúttyqtau kerek! Osy normamen jerdi taghy bytyrlatyp kesip ala bastady. Osy normanyng arqasynda qaraqúlaqtar: «artyq jerde otyrsyn, búryn janylyp Sherbina normasymen artyq jer berippiz» dep qazaqty qystau salyp otyrghan ontýstiginen týre qudy. Jalghyz «Saroy» bolysynda qazaqta qalghan jerding jartysyna tamany kesilip, 21400 jan mújyqqa sybagha berilip, múnyng ýstine 10 myng desyatina qazynagha aghashqa dep alynyp, bir bolystan 840 ýy qystauynan quylyp, kóshirildi. (1907 jylghy sanaqta Saroyda ne bary 1144 shanyraq). Sonda әr 100 ýiding otyzdayy ornynan quylghan bolady. 1900 jylgha deyin, pereselen mekemesining esebinshe, Oral, Torghaydan 3030 ýy qonysynan, qystauynan quyldy. Pereselenning búl sanaghy qonystan quylghandardy týgel kórsete almaydy. Óitkeni, búl sanaqta tek qazyna shala-sharpy jәrdem bergender ghana kórsetilgen.
Sol quylyp jatqan qazaqtar, Sabeliding aituynsha, mújyqqa jerin beruge ózderi yrza bolypty. 123 әi, sirә, qazekendey ishi keng halyq joq qoy! Qansha degenmen ishinen esh nәrsesin qyzghanbaytyn Abat batyr shyqqan el ghoy. Biraq «Aghayyn - ashy, mal - túshy» degen maqal bar. Qazaq jónimen qystauyn tastamas edi. Europadan ýlgi alghan pereselen tóreleri yrza bolarlyq jaqsy ister istegen. Olar atameken jerinen quylghan qazaqtargha jeri mol kóshpeli uezderge, bolmasa baska oblystargha auyp ketuge rúqsat etken.
Mine, osy normamen jerdi qirata bastaghanda tórelerding әlgi yrzashylyghymen syilyqka jerin tastap ketti dep otyrghan qazaqtary jer kesushilerge qarsy kóterilip, qarsylyq qylghan. Key jerde tóreler ólimnen shaqqa qútylyp shyghatyn bolghan. 1906 jyly Oral, Torghay pereselen mekemesining Poslavskiy degen topografy osynday ajaldan shaqqa qútylghan. Sonyng ýshin qazaq jerining qaraqúlaqtary el ishine, basymyzdy qorghaytyn әsker bermesen, jer kesuge barmaymyz degendi songhy kezderde aitatyn boldy. Mejevaya partiya chinovnikteri jer kese shyqqanda: «Bizding basymyzdy qorghandar, eger jazatayym bolyp ketsek ýi-ishimizge qarasyndar» degen úsynys kirgizdi.
1916 jylghy qara malay alardaghy qalyng kóterilis osy yzany syrtqa shyqqandyghy ekendigi oqushygha endi baykalghan shyghar. Búghan da mise tútpay, qazaqta taghy artyq jer bar bolar, bolmasa Syrgha qaray ysyrylar degen oimen, taghy artyq jer izdetip, sanaqshylardy Kuznesov arttan taghy atqa mingizdi. Semey jakqa Perepleskov shygharyldy. Óskemen uezinde qitaban qazakqa ýy basyna 12 qara oinay, kýle jetedi, 12 qaragha ghana sybagha jer qaldyru kerek degen Kuznesov ótirik aitypty, qazaqty múzgha otyrghyzyp jerin úrlap ketipti. Óskemende 16 qarasyz qazaq kýn kóre almaydy eken dep Perepleskov sipattady. Bayaghydan beri Kuznesov, Sabeli, Hvorostanskiyler qazaq jerin úrlap jýrgen bolyp shyqty. Bayaghydan beri qazaqtyng artyq emes jeri artyq kórsetilip, ótirik alyngan boldy. Múny Perepleskov 1911 jyly dәleldedi. «Is ótken son, qylyshyndy taska shap», ótirik bolsa da, alynghan jer endi qazaqka qaytarylar ma?! Bayaghyda Tashkent barghan bir jebirey kele sala asyghyp, qaytayyn dep buynyp-týiinip jatyr deydi. Janyndaghy bireui: «Múnshama asyghyp, Tashkennen qashyp barasyng ba?» dep súrapty. Sonda jebirey: «Tashkende týie taghalasyn degen búiryq shyghypty, sonan qorqyp, qashyp baramyn» depti. Álgi kisi: «Bayghús-au, sen týie me edin?» dep tanyrqasa, jebirey bylay dep jauap beripti: «Áueli ústap alyp taghalaydy, sonan son, sen týie emestigindi sipattap kór». Sonday-aq qazaq qonysynan airylyp, 1911 jylgha deyin eki qolyn tanauyna tyghyp qalghan son, sonynan qazaq jerin ótirik sanaqpen talap ketipti dep sypattaghannan ne payda shyqpaq?! Qazaqqa shyqqan normalar men qaraqúlaqtar jayyn osymen doghara túramyz. Qazaqta, eng jandy mәsele osy norma jayy.

Dayyndaghan
Didahmet ÁShIMHANÚLY

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