ShALKIYIZ JYRAUDYNG TOLGhAUY JÁNE SÚLTAN SEYDALINDERDING QOSTANAYDAGhY QYSTAUY

ANDATU: JYRAULAR POEZIYaSY JÁNE MAGhAUIYN

Shalkiyiz jyraudyng shygharmalary qatarynan poetikalyq quaty men tarihilyghy túrghysynan erekshe kózge týsetin tuyndysy – Temir biyge aitqan tolghauy. Temir by – Noghayly Ordasynyng negizin qalaghan danqty әmirshi, qolbasshy Edige biyding úrpaghy. Býgingi tanda zertteushiler atalghan tuyndyny jyraudyng «By Temirge aitqan birinshi tolghauy» jәne «By Temirdi haj saparynan toqtatugha aitqany» dep aishyqtaydy. Birinshi tolghaudaghy:

Aspandy búlt qúrsaydy –
Kýn jauargha úqsaydy.
Kólderde qular shulaydy –
Kók shәuliden ol aiuan
Soqqy jegenge úqsaydy.
Kóp ishinde bir jalghyz
Kóp múnayyp jylaydy –
Kýibendesken kóp jaman
Sózi tiygenge úqsaydy! – dep toryghu, qapalanu, múng shaghumen bastalatyn tolghaudyng jyr shumaqtary búdan әri shiryghyp, biylik iyesin kókke kótere madaqtaydy. Jyrdyng songhy shumaqtarynda jyrau әmirshige bergen sertine adal jәne ol ýshin janyn beruge dayar ekendigin pash etedi:

Sen – altynsyn, men – púlmyn,
Sen – jibeksin, men – jýnmin,
Sen – súltansyn, men – qúlmyn,
Sen – súnqarsyn, men – qumyn,
Jemsauyna kelgende,
Som jýregim ayaman!
Saghan – dúspan, maghan – jau,
Kerekti kýni aldynda
Ghazizlengen súltan, janym ayaman!

Búl – ortaghasyrlyq poeziyagha tәn oda janrynyn, yaghny madaqtau, dәripteu jyrynyng biyik ýlgisi. Jyraulyq poeziyany últ ruhaniyatyna qayta oraltqan Múqtar Maghauinnyng sózimen aitsaq, «Qúzdan qúlaghan seldey ekpindi, quatty poeziya»!

Shalkiyiz jyraudyng aty atalghan tolghauyn jәne jalpy jyraulyq poeziyanyng ýlgilerin ruhaniyat tarihtyng kóne kómbesinen arshyp alyp, qazirgi qoldanystaghy jazu ýlgisimen jariyalaghan jәne jyraular shygharmashylyghyna qatysty alghash tolymdy ghylymy zertteuler jýrgizgen ghalym – ataqty jazushy Múqtar Maghauiyn. Kóne ruhany múragha qasang taptyq kózqaraspen qaraghan kenestik dәuirde jyrau-jyrshy tuyndylaryn jariyalau qareketi ghalymgha ýlken tәuekeldilik pen erjýrek batyldyqty qajet etkeni – tarihy shyndyq. M. Maghauinnyng batyldyqty «qúryqtaghan» erlik isi arqasynda jyraular poeziyasy býgingi tanda qazaq әdebiyeti tarihynyng keng arnasy bolyp qalyptasty jәne ony keshendi týrde zertteu óz jalghasyn tauyp keledi.

Shaghyn mazmúngha qúrylghan bizding maqalamyzdyng basty maqsaty – Shalkiyiz jyraudyng By Temirge aitqan tolghauy qay jerde alghash  jazbagha hattalghandyghyn tarihy derekter men arhivtik múraghattar negizinde aiqyndau bolyp tabylady. Negizinde, auyzsha jetken múranyng jazbagha týsken uaqyty, mezgil-mekeni zertteushiler ýshin asa manyzdy. Múny shygharmanyng qayta dýniyege keluimen para-par qúbylys dep tanugha jәne ony ghylymy túrghyda zerde-payym tarazysyna tartqanda, tórt taghandap taban tireytin tabaldyryq esebinde sanaugha bolady.

KÓMBE

Shalkiyizding tolghauy 1875 jyly «Zapisky Orenburgskogo otdela Imperatorskogo Russkogo Geograficheskogo obshestva» (ZOOIRGO) jinaghynyng 1875 jyly Orynborda jariyalanghan III basylymynda «Qazaq poeziyasynyng ýlgileri» (Obrazsy kirgizskoy poezii) dep atalatyn 170 bettik kólemdi jinaqtyng qúramynda jariyalandy (1 suret).

1 suret. Jinaqtyng alghashqy beti.

Onda atalghan tolghaudan basqa «Qarataudyng basynan kósh keledi», «Qoqandyqtardyng qoqayy», «Bolyq pen Eltaydyng aitysy» (qyz ben jigit aitysy - avt), syndy lirikalyq jәne epikalyq sipattaghy jyr ýlgileri bar. Sonymen qatar «Kenesary turaly jyr» atty kólemdi tuyndy da engen. Ólen-jyrlardyng qazaq tilindegi mazmúny arab qarpimen tanbalanyp, janyna orys tilindegi audarmasy da qosa berilgen. Halyq múrasyn jinap, ony hattaghan avtorlardyng esimi men әkesining aty bas әrippen tanbalanyp, al olardyng zәu-zatyn belgileytin soyy tolyq kórsetilgen. Jinaqty basylymgha dayyndaghan avtorlar – Imperatorlyq orys geografiyalyq qoghamynyng Orynbor bólimshesining mýshe-qyzmetkeri (mýshe-korrespondenti - avt.) súltan T. A. Seydalin jәne qoghamnyng tolyq mýshesi S. A. Janturiyn. Olardyng aty-jónin tolyq qazaqy mәnerde tarqata aitsaq – Tileumúhambet Aytóreúly Seydalin jәne Seyithan Ahmetúly Janturiyn.

JANTURIN – SEYDALIYN-2 – RASPOPOV

Jazbadaghy avtorlardyng ýlesteri mynaday: S. Janturin – jinaqtyng ekinshi bóligindegi Kenesary han turaly kólemdi jyrdy jazbagha týsirgen jәne onyng oryssha núsqasyn audarghan kisi. Múny jyrdyng sonyndaghy «Audarghan súltan Janturiyn. 1-shi qazan 1972 jyl. Orynbor qalasy» (2 suret) degen jazudan angharamyz (2 suret).

2 suret. Kenesary turaly jyrdyng sonyna jazylghan jazu.

Seyithan súltan – Shyghys Ordanynyng (keyin Qostanay uezi) biyleushisi, agha súltan Ahmet Janturinning balasy. Ahmet súltan Ordanyng biyleushisi retinde qazaq biy-baghlandarynyng balalaryn Orynborda ashylghan oryssha oqu oryndarynda oqytugha kóp ýles qosqan lauazym iyesi. Tarihshy ghalym Jәnibek Ismurzin Janturinderdi Qazaq handyghyndaghy bedeldi, biyleushi Jәdik әuletining úrpaghy, HÝIII ghasyrdyng 70-jyldary Hiuada biylik qúrghan Qayyp hannyng zәuzatynan taraghan tóre túqymy dep tanidy.

Seyithan Janturin zertteushilerge HIH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysyndaghy kezende baspa betinen jariyalanghan basqa da enbekterimen de tanys. Aytalyq, onyng 1883 jyly Sankt-Peterburgten shyghatyn «Konnozavodstva» jurnalynyng №7 sanynda Qazaqtardyng jylqy sharuashylyghynan ocherkter» (Ocherky kirgizskogo konevodstva) degen kólemdi, tanymy mol zertteui jariyalanady.

Jinaqtyng birinshi bólimi, yaghny qazaq poeziyasynyng san aluan ýlgileri (Shalkiyiz jyraudyng tolghauy da osynyng ishinde) toptastyrylghan bóligi – Tileumúhambet Seydalindiki. Ol ózi jinap, basylymgha toptastyrghan ólenderding mazmúnyn orysshagha jolma-jol audarghan. Oryssha audarmanyng «qúiryq-jalyn týzep», «kekilin týiip», poetikalyq órnekpen ólshep-órnektegen kisi – Orys geografiyalyq qoghamy Orynbor bólimshesining tolyq mýshesi P. N. Raspopov.

HIH ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda ómir sýrgen qazaq ziyalylarynyng qatarynda Seydalinderding әuletinen eki ataqty esim qatar atalady. Olardyng biri – Álmúhambet Kýntóreúly Seydaliyn. Ol – Torghay oblys Yrghyz uezi basshysynyng agha kómekshisi lauazymynda qyzmet jasap, uezd territoriyasynda qazaq balalaryna arnalghan orys-qazaq mektepterin ashugha belsendi atsalysqan lauazym iyesi. Ekinshisi, bizding arnayy sóz etetin keyipkerimiz, Tileumúhambet Aytóreúly Seydaliyn.

Seydalinder – Kishi jýz hany Ábilqayyrdyng úrpaghy. Tarihshy Arman Qiyat búl biyleushi әuletting shejiresin bylaysha tarqatady: Ábilqayyr – Núraly – Seydaly. Al Seydalydan Kýntóre men Aytóre tuady. Kýntóreden – Álmúhammed, Aytóreden – Tileumúhambet (Tolyghyraq: Seydәlin jәne Qostanay qalasy: joghalghan toponimder // https://abai.kz/post/190238).

Aytóreúly Tileumúhambet (ony Álmúhambet Seydalinmen shatastyrmas ýshin «Seydaliyn-2» dep ataghan) 1855 jyly Orynbordaghy Nepluev atyndaghy kadet korpusyn tamamdaghannan keyin әskery qyzmette bolady jәne Torghay oblysy qúrylghan uaqytta úzaq jyldar Nikolaevsk (Qostanay) uezi basshysynyng agha kómekshisi qyzmetin shtabs-rotmistr әskery sheninde atqarady. Lauazymdy әkimshilik qyzmetpen qatar qazaqsha hat tanyp, oryssha bilim alghan ziyalylardyng ókili retinde el arasynan foliklorlyq múralardy hatqa týsirip, qazaq halqynyng túrmys-tirshiligi jayynan habar beretin jazbalar jazghan. Aytalyq, ol 1870 jyly Qazan qalasynan shyqqan «ZOOIRGO»-nyng I basylymynda qazaqtardyng sharuashylyghy jayynda «Torghay alqabyndaghy eginshilikting damuy» (O razvitiy hlebopashestva po basseynu reky Turgay) atty zertteu enbek jazady. Onda Torghay ónirindegi eginshilik sharuashylyghyn qalyptastyrugha tarihy ýles qosqan Qypshaq Seyitqúl turaly tolymdy derekter bar. 1874 jyly T. Seydlinning «Vestnik Evropy» jurnalynyng №12 sanynda «Qazaq ólenderi» (Kirgizskie pesni) degen taqyryppen qazaq lirikalyq ólenderin jariyalaydy. Ol ólender bizder tilge tiyek etip otyrghan jinaqqa, yaghny 1875 jylghy basylymgha da kiredi. Ondaghy ólenderdi orys tilinde poetikalyq órnektegi audarmasyn P. Raspopov jasaydy. Búl kórinisten bizder T. Seydalin men Orys geografiyalyq qoghamy Orynbor bólimshesining tolyq mýshesi P. Raspopovtyng arasynda shygharmashylyq baylanys bolghanyn bayqaymyz. P. Raspopov keyin, yaghny 1885 jyly Orynbor qalasynda «Obrazsy kirgizskoy poeziy v pesnyah epicheskogo y liricheskogo soderjaniya, perelojennyh v russkie stihi» degen ataumen jeke kitap etip bastyryp shygharady.

T. Seydalin jinaqtyng ózi hattaghan bóligine «Audarghan súltan T. Seydaliyn-2. Tobyl ózeni. 6 qarasha 1872 jyl» (2 suret) degen mәlimet qaldyrghan.

2 suret. T. Seydalinning jazbasy.

TOSYN TÚSPAL

Búl mәlimetting zertteushiler ýshin manyzy zor. Sebebi ol ataqty tolghaudyng qay jerde alghash hatqa týskeninen habar beredi. Ol, jazbada taygha tanba basqanday anyq jazylghan, Tobyl ózenining boyy. Biraq Tobyl – ontýstik-batystan soltýstikke qaray súlap aghyp jatqan úzyn ózen. Ghylym naqtylyqty qajet etedi, sondyqtan ghylymy ortada atalghan tolghau Tobyl ózenining qay jerinde hattalghan degen saual ózinen-ózi tuyndaytyny anyq. Búghan bizder «Shalkiyiz jyraudyng By Temirge aitqan tolghauy qazirgi Qostanay qalasynda jazylghan» degen tosyn túspalymyzdy úsynamyz. Búl – búryn-sondy kóterilmegen, jyraular poeziyasynyng mәn-manyzyn qauzap jýrgen jandardy, sonymen qatar qalyng júrtyshylyqty da eleng etkizetin janalyq. Sebebi Shalkiyiz jyrau qayda, Qostanay qalasy qayda? Bir-birimen tenespeytin, qatarlaspaytyn, qabyspaytyn úghymdar!

Múnday tosyn janalyqqa qisyndy dәlel kerek ekendigi anyq. Al oghan bizding qolymyzda qanday dәlel bar? Derek «qonghan», dәmi bar dәlel retinde T. Seydalinning 1879 jyldyng 30 qarasha kýni Troisk qalasynan Torghay oblysynyng әskery general-gubernatorynyng atyna jazghan raportyndaghy mәlimetterge nazar audaramyz. Sol bayanhatqa tirkelgen mәlimetter, bizding oiymyzsha, tosyn túspaldyng shyndyqqa qisyndylyghyn quattaydy.

ORDABAY – QOSTANAY – NARTAYLAQ – ÓMIRTAY

1879 jyldyng jaz aiynda Nikolaevsk uezining ortalyghy bolyp Torghay oblysy ashylghan 1869-70 jyldary belgilengen Tobyl ózenining orta aghysyndaghy «Ordabay-toghay» degen jerdi óz kózimen kóruge kelgen gubernator A. Konstantinovich bolashaq qala orynyn sanitarlyq-ekologiyalyq túrghydan jaratpay, «Ordabay-toghay»-dan tómen jýrip, Tobyl ózeni boyynan 18 verst jerdi sholyp, jana qonystyng ornyn izdeydi. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde ol ózi sholyp shyqqan alqaptaghy qazaq qystaularynyng iyesi men onda qys mezgiline dayyndalatyn mal azyghynyng (shóptin) kólemin anyqtaudy shtabs-rotmistr T. Seydalinge tikeley jýktep, arnayy tapsyrady.

T. Seydalin gubernatordyng tapsyrmasyn kýz aiynda búljytpay oryndap, 1879 jyldyng 30 qazanynda oghan raport (bayanhat) jazady. Onda ol jaz aiynda gubernatordyng ózi bas bolyp ózendi jaghalaghan 18 shaqyrymdyq jaghalaudyn, yaghny «Ordabay-toghay» men «Ómirtay» qonystary arasyndaghy geografiyalyq landshaftyny sipattaydy, kózben shamalanghan 1 shaqyrymdyq mejedegi syzba karta dayyndaydy. Raporttyng resmy atauy mynaday: «Opisanie Urdabay-togaya y smejno lejashih s nim niyje po techenii r. Tobola mestnostey, obozrevavshihsya g. Voennym Gubernatorom Turgayskoy oblasty letom 1879 g., s prilojennym k nemu glazomernogo plana v 1 verstnom masshtabe» (Tolyghyraq: Qostanay: Ózen ótkelinen shahar atauyna deyin // https://abai.kz/post/197416 ).

Bayanhatta T. Seydalin ózen jaghalauynyng geografiyalyq keskin-kelbetin bylaysha sipattaydy: «...Nachinaya, pribliziytelino, s 2-h verstnoy shiriny, Urdabay-togay toliko v odnom meste suzilasi do 1 ily do 1,5 verst, dostignuv dalee, niyje po techenii reki, naibolishey svoey shiriny y konchayasi brodom Urus-utkuli, za kotorym nachinaetsya drugoy uchastok – Kustanay s brodom togo je iymeny cherez Tobol y s smejno lejashim s nim niyje, po techenii Tobola k urochiyshem Nartaylyak y drugim zalejam poslednim do mestnosty Umurtay, verhney chastiu koego konchilosi obozrenie minuvshego leta. Takim obrazom, v prilagaemyy k semu opisanii plan voshel Urdabay-togay so vsemy uchastkami, lejashimy mejdu nim y Umurtaem na protyajenii, priymerno, 18 s nebolishih verst».

Osylaysha ol gubernator sholyp ótken mejede «Ordabay-toghay», «Qostanay», «Nartaylaq» jәne atauy belgisiz tórt qonys bar ekenin, onda qay auyldardyng qystauy ornalasqanyn jәne qansha mólsherde azyq shóp dayyndalatyn kestelep kórsetip, naqty anyqtaydy (3 suret).

3 suret. T. Seydalinning raportyndaghy Qostanay qalasynyng ornyndaghy qazaq qystaulary turaly kestelik mәlimet.

Aytalyq, «Qostanay» qonysynan keyingi «Nartaylaq» qonysynda kimderding qystauy ornalasqanyn ol bylaysha aiqyndaydy: «Na uroch. Nartaylyak: 1-ya zimovochnaya gruppa iz 12 kibitok tak nazyvaemyh Tulengutov togo je aula, 2-ya y 3-ya iz 7 kibitok Abiylevyh, togo je aula; 4-ya, iz 2 kibitok Akdavletovyh togo je aula; 5-ya, iz 2-h kibitok Tumabaeva togo je aula; 6-ya y 7 kibitok Utemisa Bulekbaeva togo je aula; 7-ya iz 2 kibitok Sultana Kunture Seydalina, togo je aula y 8-ya iz 12 kibitok Sultana Ayture Seydalina togo je aula». Arhiv múraghatyndaghy atalghan aqparat oqyrmandargha anyq kórinui T. Seydalin jazghan aqparatty bizder zamanauy kestege salyp úsynyp otyrmyz (4 suret):

4 suret. T. Seydalinning raportyndaghy Qostanay qalasynyng ornyndaghy qazaq qystaulary turaly kestelik mәlimettting zamanuy núsqasy.

Seydalin kestelegen tiziminen «Nartaylaq» qonysynda №7 jәne №8 rettik sanmen belgilengen Kýntóre men Aytóre Seydalinderding qystauy qatar ornalasqanyn kóremiz. Olay bolatyn bolsa, 1872 jyly Aytóreúly Tileumúhambet Shalkiyiz jyraudyng By Temirge aitqan tolghauyn «Qostanay ótkeli» manynda ornalasqan әkesining qystauynda hatqa týsirgen dep túspaldauymyzgha bolady.

Aytpaqshy, jana qonysqa kóshken perselenderdi ornalastyru mәselesin alghashqy jyldary T. Seydalinge jýktelip, ol 1881-1884 jyldar aralyghynda bolashaq qalanyng uaqytsha basshysy qyzmetin atqarady. Búl qyzmetti ol, tarihy derekterding bayandauynsha, qalanyng irgesindegi әkesining qonysynda otyryp jýrgizedi. Sol jyldardyng birinde qazaq júrty men jana qonysqa kelip jatqan pereselender arasynda qandy oqighagha úlasqan qaqtyghys kezinde bas saughalap qashqan qazaq kisileri Seydalinning qystauyn panalaghany, sol kezde Tileumúhambet ózin qughynshylargha ýkimetting lauazymdy qyzmetkeri retinde tanystyryp, olardy sabasyna týsirgeni de tarihy jazba derekterge tirkelgen.

TÝIIN: TOBYL NEMESE QOSTANAY DÁPTERI

Týiindey kelgende, Tobyl ózenining sol jaq jaghaluyna bir-birimen qatar týsken aghayyndy Seydalinderding qystauy qazirgi Qostanay qalasynyng ornynda boldy jәne ol qonysty qazaqtar «Nartaylaq» dep ataghan. Sol qonysta Tileumúhambet Seydalin aq qaghazdy ala týske ainaldyrghan qoljazbasynyng songhy nýktesin qoyypgh qazaq poeziyasynyng ozyq ýlgilerin óshirilmes siyamen «qaptaudy» tamamdaghan. Býgingi tanda «Nartaylaq» qonysy – Tobyl ózeni boyyna qanatyn jayghan Qostanay qalasynyng «KSK» dep atalatyn soltýstik-shyghys bóligi.

Alghashqyda ýkimet qamqorlyghymen «Qostanay ótkeli» men «Ábil-say» arasyndaghy túrghyn-jaylardyng salynuy negizinde payda bolghan perselender qonysy keyin keneyip, Torghay gubernatory sholyp ótken 18 shaqyrymdyq ózen jaghalauyn jaghalay ornalasty. Qalanyng ózen boyyndaghy shet-shekarasy keshegi kenes dәuirine deyin sol mejening tónireginde boldy. Aghayyndy Seydalinder qystauy, sonymen qatar qazaqtyng ózge auyldarynyng qonystary da birte-birte keneygen qalanyng astynda qaldy.

Qostanay qalasy biz bilmeytin «qúpiyalardy» býgip jatqanyn búghan deyin de birneshe mәrte jazghanbyz. T. Seydalin jazbagha týsirgen Shalkiyiz jyraudyng tolghauyna qatysty tosyn mәlimet te sol bastamalardyng qatarynan oryn alatyny sózsiz. Qazaq ruhaniyatyna qyzyghatyn kózi ashyq, kókiregi oyau azamattar tarapynan atalghan tolghau qay jerde alghash jazbagha hattalaghan degen saual tuyndaghanda, býgingi Qostanay shaharyn eske aluymyz qajet-aq!

Alghashqy demekshi, Temir biyding atasy, Altyn Ordanyng danqty biyleushisi Edige by turaly jyr da Qostanay ónirinde alghash ret jazbagha týsken edi. Ony 1842 jyly Qúshmúryn kólining jaghasynda Shynghys Uәlihanov pen Ahmet Janturiyn, jeti jasar Shoqannyng qatysuymen Júmaghúl jyrshydan jazyp alghan alghany zerdeli zertteushilerge belgili. «Edige» jyry syndy Altyn Orda dәuirining asyl múrasy hattalghan qoljazbany ghalymdar Sh.Uәlihanovtyng «Qúshmúryn dәpteri» dep ataydy (Tolyghyraq: Qazynaly Qúsmúryn qúpiyasy: https://egemen.kz/article/251432-qazynaly-qusmuryn-qupiyasy ). Endi osynday tanym-týisikti Shalkiyiz jyraudyng By Temirge aitqan tolghauyna qatysty da aituymyzgha bolady. Múny Tileumúhambet Seydalinning «Tobyl dәpteri» (týpnúsqalyq negizde) nemese qazirgi qalyptasqan tarihiy-geografiyalyq shyndyq negizinde «Qostanay dәpteri» dep atasaq ta, oryndy әri qisyndy bolatyn syndy!

Almasbek Ábsadyq,

filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory.

Qostanay qalasy

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