Múraghat kómbesinen tabylghan arhivtik qújat deregi Ahmet Baytúrsynúlynyng Qarqaralydan jer audarylyp, Orynbor qalasynada ómir sýrgen kezenine qatysty tyng mәlimetti kóldeneng tartady. 1910 jyldyng 21-shi aqpanynda Semey týrmesinde aldyn-ala tergeu júmysynyng sozyluyna baylanysty 8 ay qamaqta bolghan A. Baytúrsynúlyna Qarqaraly uezining júrtshylyghymen jýrgizgen aghartushylyq baghyttaghy júmysy ýkimet sayasatyna qarsy ýgit-nasihat dep tanylyp, Ishki ister ministrligining qaulysymen qazaq dalasynan tysqary jerge 2 jylgha qonys audaru әkimshilik jazasy shygharylady.

Ony óteu ýshin ol 1910 jyldyng 10-nauryzynda Orynbor qalasyna kelip, uaqyt óte kele Torghay jәne Oral oblystaryna pereselenderdi qonystandyrumen ainalysatyn «Pereselencheskaya partiya Turgaysko-Uraliskogo rayona» (tarihy jazbalarda «upravleniye» dep te atalady) dep atalatyn mekemege erikti jaldamaly (po volinomu naymu) qyzmetker retinde júmysqa túrady. Atalghan mekemede ol, 1914 jyly «Qazaq» gazetining ýstinen jazylghan «Beymәlim beseudin» domalaq aryzy negizinde tirkelgen jandarmeriya qújattary boyynsha, «Qazaq» gazetin úiymdastyrghangha, yaghny 1913 jyldyng aqpan aiyna deyin qyzmet jasaghan.

Pereselender basqarmasy Orynbordyng Vvedenskaya kóshesinde ornalasty. Orynbor ólkesine qarassty qalalarda payda bolghan «Vvedenskaya» degen kósheler sol pereselender basqarmasynyng meken-jayyna baylanysty qoyylghan dep oilaymyz. Mysaly, múnday kóshe jәne avtojol baghyty Qostanayda bar.

Bizding qolymyzdaghy qújattyng tarihy dәiek-deregi mynaday mәlimetti jaryqqa shygharady: A. Baytúrsynúly 1912 jyldyng jeltoqsan aiynyng orta túsynda pereselender isimen ainalysatyn mekemedegi qyzmetinen bosap, Jolqatynasy ministrligining (Ministerstvo putey soobsheniya) Tashkent temir jol basqarmasynyng statistika bólimine (Slujba sborov) júmys auystyrmaq bolady.

Búdan arghy oi-pikirimizdi talghan qújattyng mazmúnyn tanystyrumen jalghastyrayyq. 1912 jyldyng 14 jeltoqsanynda Tashkent temir jol basqarmasynyng statistika bólimining basshysy «Torghay-Oral ónirindegi pereselender partiyasy» mekemesine saualhat joldaydy. Onda bylay delingen: «V Pereselencheskuy partii Turgaysko-Uraliskogo rayona. Vvidu postupivshego ko mne prosheniya statistika pry Pereselencheskoy partiy Turgaysko-Uraliskogo rayona Ahmeda Baytursunova, hodataystvuyshego o predostavleniy emu doljnosty vo vverennoy mne Slujbe, iymeiy chesti pokorneyshe prositi ne otkazati v soobsheniy mne otzyva o slujebnyh y nravstvennyh kachestvah g. Baytursunova, a takje o poluchaemom im soderjaniy y deystviytelinoy prichiyne ostavleniya im slujby v Pereselencheskoy partii» (suret 1).

1 suret. Tashkent temir jol basqarmasynyng statistika bólimi basshysynyng «Torghay-Oral ónirindegi pereselender partiyasy» mekemesine joldaghan haty.

Búl hatqa sol jyldyng 17 jeltoqsanynda «Torghay-Oral ónirindegi pereselender partiyasy» mekemesining statistika bólimining mengerushisi bylaysha jauap qatady (týsiniksiz sózder ornyna kóp nýkte qoyylyp, jaqshagha alyndy): «Baytursunov vpolne intelliygentnyi, znaishiy, obrazovannyy y usidchivyy rabotniyk, legko oriyentiruetsya v kajdom zadanii; znakom s kanselyarskim deloproizvodstvom y buhgalteriey. Ostavlyaet slujbu (... ) (...)  po prekrashenii assignovaniy na kirgizskui statistiku. Poluchal v 1910 y 1911 gg. po 50 rub., a v 1912 g. po 60 rub. v mesyas. Jelatelino bylo by ego uderjanie na slujbe rayona» (suret 2).

2 suret. «Torghay-Oral óirindegi pereselender partiyasy» mekemesining jauap haty.

Mekeme arasynda jazylghan búl eki hat A. Baytúrsynúly Tashkent temirjoly basqarmasyna týpkilikti auysty ma, әlde auyspady ma, ol jaghynan naqty habar bermeydi. Biraq atalghan qújattyng Ahmettanushylar ýshin manyzdy tarihiy-tanymdyq qúndylyghy bar dep tanimyz.

Aldymen arhivtik qújat tarihy hronologiyalyq túrghydan manyzdy. Qújat dereginen A.Baytúrsynúly «Torghay-Oral ónirindegi pereselender partiyasy» mekemesindegi statist qyzmetin 1912 jyldyng jeltoqsan aiynda toqtatqan degen tújyrymdy týiindeuge bolady. Búl qyzmetting toqtauyna basty sebep – atalghan mekemege qazaq júrtyna qatysty statistikany jýrgizetin shtatqa qarjynyng bólinbeui. A.Baytúrsynúlynin  pereselender isimen ainalysatyn mekemedegi ailyq jalaqysy alghashqyda 50 som, keyin 60 som bolghan.

Al tanymdyq hәm túlgha tanu túrghysynan qaraghanda, qújat – patsha zamanynda últ ústazynyng ziyalylyq bilimpazdyghyna, kәsiby sheberligine, biliktiligine berilgen bagha, manyzdy minezdeme. Ony jazghan mekeme – Orynbor әkimshiligine baghynghan qazaq ólkesinde pereselender mәselesimen ainalysatyn arnayy qúrylym. 1905 jylghy Qoyandy jәrmenkesinde jariyalanghan «Qarqaraly qúzyrhatynda» Alash ziyalylary patshalyq Reseyding pereselender sayasatyn ayausyz, qatty synaghan bolatyn. Sonymen qatar 1909 jyldyng 1 mausymynan bastap Semey týrmesine jabylghan A. Baytúrsynúlynyng isin tergegen Omby jandarmeriyasy basshysynyng Semey qalasy boyynsha kómekshisi, rotmistr S.Levanevskiyding 1910 jyldyng 19 qantarynda  raportynda aghartushygha « Orys patshasyna salyq tólemender. Qazaqtar pereselenderge poselenie qúru ýshin jer bermeui kerek, eger patsha ýkimeti búl sayasatyn toqtatpasa, qazaqtar Qytaygha kóship ketui qajet»-mys degen jala sózderding  negizinde ýkimet sayasatyna qarsy ýgit-nasihat jýrgizdi  ayyp taghylyp, qazaq dalasynan sytqary jerge 2 jylgha jer audaru qaulysy shyqqan bolatyn. Soghan qaramastan Orynborda oryn tepken mekeme oghan «naghyz ziyaly, bilimdi, parasatty әri enbekqor qyzmetker, tapsyrmany oryndauda onay tәsil tabady» dep joghary bagha beredi. Tipi, «ony osyndaghy qyzmetinde qaldyrghan oryndy bolar edi» degen ókinish bildiredi. Múnday mekemening múntazday, yaghny jaqsy minezdeme berui A.Baytúrsynúlynyng jeke basynyng qadyr-qasiyeti, bilimpazdyghy, kәsiby sheberligi men daghdysynyng joghary bolghandyghyna baylanysty ekeni sózsiz.

Qújattaghy taghy bir nazar audartyn qyzyqty aqparat – A. Baytúrsynúly «kanselyariyalyq is jýrgizumen jәne buhgalteriyamen tanys» degen mәlimetter. Shyndyghynda da solay bolatyn. Sebebi A. Baytúrsynúlynyng ghúmyrnamasynda «isjýrgizushi» degen lauazymdy atqarghan kezeng bolghan edi. 1902 jyldyng 1 mamyrynan 1904 jyldyng qyrkýiek aiyna deyin ol Omby qalasyndaghy «Aqmola jәne Semey oblystary halyq mektepteri diyrektorynyn» (A.Alektorovtyn) isjýrgizushi qyzmetinde bolady.

Isjýrgizushilik qyzmette qalyptasqan kәsiby daghdy onyng ómirining eng auyr kezeninde oghan «kómekke» keledi. 1931 jyly Mәskeuding Butyrka týrmesindegi tergeuding nәtiyjesinde atu jazasyna kesilgen ýkim 10 jyldyq konslagerige qamau jazasyna auystyrylghan son, A. Baytúrsynúly 22 aigha sozylghan merzim aralyghynda Aq tenizding Solovesk aralynda jazasyn óteydi. Densaulyghy nashar oghan konslagerdegi azapty kýnder óte auyr tiyedi. Ony búl jaghdaydan konslageriding kensesindegi isjýrgizushilik jәne aghash oiynshyqtaryn boyau syndy júmystar qútqarady. Al 1933 jyldyng qarasha aiynda lageridegi qamaqtan Arhangelisk qalasyna auystyrylyp, «volinoe poseleniye» dep atalatyn әkimshilik jazany oryndau kezinde aurushan, syrtqy kiyimi júqa A.Baytúrsynúly ashtyqqa úshyrap, suyqqa tonghan tústa kýnkóris ýshin kensedegi isjýrgizushi qyzmetine túrghysy keledi. Biraq oghan OGPU rúqsat bermeydi.

Al mekeme atap ótken «A.Baytúrsynúly esep-qisap (buhgalteriya) isin biledi» degen mәselege keletin bolsaq, búl da shyndyqqa әbden janasatyn aqparat. 1904 jyldyng 1 qyrkýieginen 1909 jyldyng jaz ailarynyng basyna deyin A.Baytúrsynúly Qarqaralydaghy 2 synyptyq uezdik mektepting mengerushisi qyzmetin atqarady. Uezdik mektepke bolystyq jәne auyldyq mektepter әkimshilik jәne oqu-әdistemelik túrghydan tolyq baghynyp, onyng mengerushisi uezge qarasty mektepterding kadr mәseleleri men kerek-jaraghyna, múghalimder jalaqysynyng esep-qisabyna jauap beretin.

Ghasyrdan astam uaqyt múraghat sóresinde sarghayyp aqparat taraytyn jaryq kýnge shyghar kýnin úzaq kýtken arhivtik qújattyng syry osynday...

A. Baytúrsynúlynyng ghúmyrnamasyna qatysty múnday tosyn mәlimettermen terenirek  tanysqysy keletin oqyrman bizding «Sert: Ahmet Baytúrsynúlynyng ústazdyq qyzmeti men shygharmashylyghynyng beymәlim derekteri» (Almaty, 2022), «Alash joly jәne Ahmet Baytúrsynúly» (Almaty, 2024) atty zertteu enbekterimizden jәne arhivtik qújattar men tarihy dәiek-derekter toptastyrylghan «Tauqymet» (Almaty, 2024) atty kólemdi jinaghymyzdan kenirek mәlimet aluyna bolady. Búghan qosa ashyq derek kózderinen sheteldik joghary reytingtegi ghylymy jurnaldarda jariyalanghan myna seriyaly maqalalarmen tanysuyna bolady:

1. The Path of the Teacher A. Baitursynov: from Bestamak to Karkaralinsk (1895–1910) // Bylye Gody. 17 (2): 890-901. DOI:10.13187/bg.2022.2.890 https://www.bg.cherkasgu.press/journals_n/1654613276.pdf ;

2. The Newspaper “Kazak” and its Opponents in the Kazakh Society during the First World War // Bylye Gody. 17(3): 1470-1481. DOI:10.13187/bg.2022.3.1470 https://bg.cherkasgu.press/journals_n/1662109067.pdf

3. Omsk-Karkaraly Period: the Origins of A. Baitursynov's Educational and Political Activities // 2023. 18 (3): 1455-1466 Bylye Gody. DOI:10.13187/bg.2023.3.1455 https://bg.cherkasgu.press/ru/archive.html?number=2023-09-01-14:25:16&journal=76

4. Baitursynov Educational Activities in Aul Schools of Kustanay District in Turgay Region // Bylye Gody. 2025. 20 (2): 991-1000 DOI: 10.13187/bg.2025.2.991 https://oaji.net/articles/2023/7-1749926495.pdf

Týptep kelgende, tynnan tabylghan qújattyng mazmún-mәiegi A.Baytúrsynúlynyng boyyndaghy ziyalylyq, bilimpazdyq, alghyrlyq, kәsiby sheberlik pen mamandyq daghdy ony «Torghay-Oral ónirindegi pereselender partiyasy» mekemesine taptyrmas, baghaly qyzmetker qatarynda bolghanyn kórsetedi. Demek, patsha zamanynda A. Baytúrsynúlyna degen kózqaras, onyng qyzmetine berilgen bagha azamattyq mekemede bir bólek, kýshtik qúrylymda mýldem ózgeshe bolghandyghyn taghy bir tanytady.

Atalghan kórinis azamattyq qoghamnyng ózekti mәselesi retinde әrdayym júrtshylyqty býgingi tanda da oilandyrugha tiyisti dep sanaymyz! Kýshtik qúrylymnyng azamattyq qoghamgha tizesi batyp, ziyany tiymeu joldaryn qarastyru manyzdy. Búl mәsele halyqtyq jana  Konstitusiyany qabyldaugha bet búrghan qazaqstandyq qoghamdy bey-jay qaldyrmauy tiyis!

PS! Týiin sózding bir týinegi retinde búl qújattyng bizding qolymyzgha qalay tiygenin atap ótkimiz keledi. «Bir joqty – bir joq tabady» degendey, ótken jyly QR Mәdeniyet jәne aqparat ministrligi «Arhiyv, qújattama jәne kitap isi komiyteti»-ning tapsyrysymen respublika kóleminde keshendi, jýieli týrde jýrgizilip jatqan «Qazaqstan aimaqtarynyng jer-su ataularyn diahroniyalyq zertteu» Jobasynda júmys jasau búiyrdy. Joba maqsatyn jýzege asyru barysynda Qostanay-Torghay ónirine dalalyq ekspedisiya úiymdastyrylyp, zertteu taqyryby boyynsha otandyq jәne sheteldik arhivterde izdenister jýrgizildi. Sonyng barysynda Joba jetekshisi, A. Qúsayynov atyndaghy Euraziya gumanitarlyq institutynyng professory Gýnәr Shiyapqyzy Bekenova atalghan qújatty múraghattan kezdestirip, «Aqang turaly zerttep jýrsiz ghoy» dep bizge úsyndy. Búl orayda, Gýlnәr hanym Bekenova rizashylyghymyzdy bildiremiz!

Almasbek Ábsadyq,

filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly atyndaghy Qostanay ónirlik uniyversiytetining professory

Abai.kz