2007 jylghy qarashada YuNESKO ózi­ning kezekti sessiyasynda "Qyz Jibek" jy­ryn 2008 jyldyng merekelik kýntizbesine engizip, onyng 500 jyldyghyn atau turaly sheshim qabyldady.

Al, endi nege 500 jyl degen súraqqa keleyik. Onyng syry mynada. Qazaq foli­klorynyng qúramynda basqa halyqtargha da tәn shygharmalar bar. Mәselen, "Alpamys batyr", "Qozy Kórpesh-Bayan súlu", "Qor­qyt ata" "Kórúghly" degen siyaqty­lar. Olardyng keybiri - auys-týiisting nәtiyjesi, al endi bireuleri - týrki halyqtarynyng tuystyghynan kóbisine ortaq. Sondaylardyng qataryna "Alpamys batyr" men "Qozy Kórpesh-Bayan súlu" jyrlary jatady. Búl ekeuining týpki, eng әuelgi sujeti sonau VI-VII ghasyrlarda, yaghny Týrki qaghanaty kezinde, kóptegen týrkilik ru-taypalardyng bir el bolyp túrghan shaghynda payda bolghan. Keyingi zamandarda Týrki qaghanaty ydyrap, aghayyn taypa-rulargha bólinip, ózdi-ózine ketkende alghashqy sujetti әrqaysysy ózimen birge ala ketken de, ózinshe jyrlap bayandaghan. Sóitip, bir kezdegi ortaq sujet әrtýrli versiya tughyzghan, biraq bastapqy oqigha-saryn saqtalyp qalghan. Ekinshi sózben aitqanda, "Almapys" pen "Qozy Kórpeshtin" әdepki sujeti osydan 1000-1500 jyl búryn payda bolghan. Búl ghylymda dәleldenip, moyyndalghan aqiqat.

Al, "Qyz Jibekke" kelsek, jaghday basqasha. Eng aldymen aitatyn nәrse - búl jyr basqa eshbir elde joq. Demek, búl jyr - tek qazaq halqyniki. Olay bolsa, "Qyz Jibek" jyry qazaq júrtynyng jeke memleket bolyp, onasha ómir sýrgen shaghynda payda bolghan dep aitugha negiz bar. Basqasha aitqanda, "Qyz Jibek" jyry Qazaq handyghy túsynda qalyptasqan dep aita alamyz. Osy oiymyzgha qatysty asa kónil bólip aitatyn bir jaghday bar: әngime "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng bizge jetken kórkem ýlgisi jayynda emes, eng bastapqy sujeti turaly jәne ol sujetting qashan, qalay әdemi eposqa ainalghany haqynda bolyp otyr.

Bәrimiz jaqsy bilemiz, "Qyz Jibek" jyry eki bólimnen túrady. Birinshi bóliminde Tólegenning Jibekke ýilenui әngimelense, ekinshi bólimde Jibekting Sansyzbaymen qosylghany bayandalady. Eki bólim - eki oqighany jyrlaydy, biraq sujet bireu: jigitting ýilenui.

Osy sujet óte erte zamanda payda bolghan. Ony ejelgi ertegiden de, kóne epostan da kóremiz. Qay halyqtyng bayyrghy ertegisi men eposyn alsaq ta, әngime jigitting ýilenui turaly. Ras, foliklorda jigitting ýilenui eki týrli jolmen bolady. Birinde ol erlik jasap, qaharmandyqpen ýilenedi, ekinshisinde - ghashyqtyq dertine úshyrap, azap shegip, sýiispenshilikpen ýilenedi. Osynyng alghashqysy - eng eski dep sanalady da, songhysy - keyingi zamandardyng jemisi dep esepteledi. Qaharmandyqpen ýilenu sujeti - batyrlar jyrynda aitylady, al inkәrlikpen ýilenu sujeti - ghashyqtyq jyrda әngimelenedi.

"Qyz Jibek" eposynda aitylmysh eki sujet qatar paydalanylghan: Tólegen men Jibekting qosyluy - ghashyqtyq jyrda aitylatyn sýiispenshilikpen ýilenu bolsa, Jibek pen Sansyzbaydyng qosyluy - batyrlyq jyrgha sәikes qaharmandyqpen ýilenu. Demek, bir jyrda әr dәuirde payda bolghan, ózinshe jeke jyrlanghan eki sujet birikken. Osy birigu qay kezde jýzege asqan? Bizdinshe, Qazaq handyghy túsynda jýzege asqan siyaqty. Ras, dәl pәlen jyly dep kesip aitu mýmkin emes. Áyteuir, Qazaq handyghy payda bolyp, qazaq eli jeke ómir sýrip, ózindik mәdeniyet jasaghan zamanda ekeni anyq. Búl - HV, bolmasa HVI ghasyr. Eger qazaqtyng óz memleketi HV ghasyrdyng ortasynda qúrylghan bolsa, "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng tútas týri sol ghasyrdyng sonynda nemese HVI ghasyrda shyqqan dep qorytugha bolady. Mine, bizding birneshe jyl boyy jazyp, dәleldegenimizdi YuNESKO qabyldap, "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng shyqqan uaqyty 1508 jyl dep sheshken sebebi - osy. Áriyne, búl da belgili dәrejede shartty, sebebi jyrdyng birtútas shygharmagha ainalghan mezgili úzaq bolghan, ol birden ýlken eposqa ainalmaghan.

Foliklortanu ghylymynyng dәleldeui boyynsha, ejelgi ertegi men kóne eposqa negiz bolghan jigitting qaharmandyqpen ýilenu sujeti - este joq eski zamanda, rulyq ilki kezende payda bolghan, al ghashyqtyqpen ýilenu sujeti - rulyq qauymnyng feodaldyq qoghamgha kóshken túsynda dýniyege kelgen. Endeshe, Jibekke qaharmandyqpen ýilengen Sansyzbay turaly sujet - bayyrghy da, Tólegen men Jibekting ghashyqtyghy - keyingi dәuirde tughan. Búl ekeuining orny auysyp kelui - foliklor poetikasyna jәne qogham talabyna sәikes qúrylghan kompozisiya. Múnday ózgeris bertingi zamanda bolghan, yaghny HVII-HVIII ghasyrdyng jyrshylary ózderinen búrynghy uaqytta birikken eki sujetti jýielep, birkelki etip týzgen, shiratqan, kórkemdegen. Sonyng arqasynda "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng bizge jetken núsqasy jasalghan, al búl HVIII-HIH ghasyrda bolghan prosess edi. Sóitip, óte erte zamanda payda bolghan jigitting ýilenui turaly sujet úzaq uaqyt damu jolynan ótip, HVI ghasyrda "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng alghashqy núsqasyna negiz bolghan. Keyingi ghasyrlarda búl jyr óte kórkem eposqa ainalyp, jyrshydan jyrshygha kóship, kórkemdelip, bizding zamanymyzgha jetken.

"Qyz Jibek" eposyn mahabbat gimni deuding әbden jóni bar. Onyng naghyz kórkem tuyndygha ainalu prosesi jýrip jatqan kezde, yaghny HVI-HVIII ghasyrlardaghy qazaq qoghamynda jeke bastyn, sezimning bostandyghy, mahabbat erkindigi turaly mәsele múnday dengeyde ashyq aityla bermegen, eski rulyq zamannyng neke men otbasyna qatysty ejeqabyl, qalynmal, kóp әiel alu, әmengerlik siyaqty salttary ýstem bolghan. Solay bola túrsa da, "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng shyghuy sol dәuirding ózinde-aq halyqtyng iydeal turaly estetikalyq payym-týsiniginde belgili bir dәrejede ózgeris bolghanyn aighaqtaydy. Tólegenning de, Jibekting de ózine layyq jar izdeui, sýiispenshilikpen ýilenudi kózdeui - sol kezendegi jastardyng oiynda, kókireginde jýrgen armanyn, múnyn, tilegin anghartady. Jyrdyng el arasynda keng taraghanynyng bir sebebi osynda bolsa kerek.

Tólegen - qazaq eposy, tipti býkil qazaq foliklory ýshin jana keyipker. Ol Qozy Kórpesh­ten de ózgeshe. Qozy­nyng beynesinde ba­tyrlyq qasiyet kóp. Al Tólegen - naghyz lirikalyq keyipker. Ol bay boludy, ba­tyr boludy kókse­meydi. Onyng armany - ózine layyqty súludy sýy, sony ózine ómirlik jar etu. Jyrshy da osyny aitady: "Batyrlyq, baylyq kimde joq, Ghashyqtyq jóni bir basqa". Demek, sol kezding qoghamynda osynday oi-pikir bolghan, yaghny el ishinde mahabbatty - óte taza, bәrinen erekshe, biyik sezim, ony kez kelgen adam bile bermeydi degen úghym qalyptasqan. Naq osynday erekshe sezim Tólegendi әkesining bata bermegenine qaramastan alys jolgha jalghyz attandyrady. Tólegen ýshin ómirding mәni de, sәni de - mahabbat, mahabbat ýshin kýresip, ómir sýru, sýigenine ýilenu. Sondyqtan da bolu kerek, onyng minezi de, isteri de әdetki epostaghyday emes. Ol ang da aulamaydy, mal da baqpaydy, jastayynan erlik minez de tanytpaydy, batyrlyq ónerdi de ýirenbeydi. "Perishte sipatty úl" bop tuuynyng ózi - onyng erekshe súlu bolatynyn bildiredi. Demek, ol batyr bolmaydy: Tólegen kәdimgi batyrlarsha "saghat sayyn" óspeydi, bozbala kezinde eshbir erlik is-әreket jasamaydy. Esesine on eki jasynda ózine para-par súlu qyz izdey bastaydy. On alty jasqa tolghanda at túyaghy jetetin jerdi týgel sharlap shyghady. Qyz Jibek turaly esty sala ol esh oilanbastan jolgha shyghady.

Eger Qozy Kórpesh qalyndyghynyng auylyna jalghyz attanyp, kóp qiyndyq kórip, úzaq jýrip jetse, Tólegen qasyna birneshe nóker ertip, "jylqydan eki jýz elu jorgha alyp, birneshe kýn jol jýrip, Shekti degen elge kelip, shatyrdy tigip, jorghalaryn jayyp salyp, júrtqa jar salady". Bay­qay­tynymyz - Tólegen alys elge sharshamay-talmay, esh qinal­may, az-aq kýnde jetedi. Onyng qyzdy tandauy da ózgeshe. Qyzyn kórsetken әrbir adamgha bir jorghadan beredi. Tipti, Tólegenning ózi Jibekke qúda týsedi. Búl da - onyng er­eksheligi. Onyng qúda týsu әdisi de airyq­sha. Aldymen júrtqa jorgha taratyp, Shek­ti eline "myrza­lyq­pen" tanylady da, Qarshygha arqyly Jibekti kóruge mým­kindik alady. Búl jerde Tólegen taghy bir minez kórsetedi. Ol Qarshyghanyng sózine senip qana Jibekke inkәr bol­may­dy, maqtauly qyzdy óz kózimen kórgisi keledi. Yaghni, Tólegen qyzgha syrt­tay ghashyq bolghysy kelmeydi, qyzdy ózi synap, ózi tildesip qana baghalamaq. Mine, jastayynan ózine teng qyzdy izdegen Tóle­gen múnda da sol әdetinen taymaydy.

Kórkem shygharma bolghandyqtan jyrda Tólegen men Jibekting bir-birine degen sýi­ispenshiligi birden ashylmaydy. Jibek­ke degen Tólegenning yn­tyqtyghy saty­lanyp kórsetiledi. Eng alghash Jibek turaly ol óz elinde jýrgende estip, súludy izdep shyghady. Sodan song Jibek jayynda Qar­shyghadan qanyghyp, ony kóruge asyghady. Sóitip, Qarshyghagha ilesip, kóshting sonyna týsedi. Kósh ýlken, ayaghynan basyna deyin barugha tura keledi. Jol boyy birinen biri әdemi on ýsh qyzdy kóredi. Árqaysysyn Jibek eken dep jaqyndaghanda, Qarshygha "Jibek emes" deydi.

Kósh aldyna qarasa,

Bir qyz ketip barady,

Janasalay súludyn

Qasyna jetip keledi,

Tólegen myrza kóredi,

Kósh aldynda súludyn

On qyz nóker qasynda,

Ózi on bes jasynda.

Aq mandayy jaltyldap,

Tanaday kózi jarqyldap,

Altyn shashbau shashynda.

Qyryq nargha jýk arttyryp,

Qymqap zerli kilemdi

Jýk ýstine japtyrghan.

Qazynaly qyryq nargha

Jibekten arqan tarttyrghan.

Ásemdikting bәrin de

Búl jihannan arttyrghan.

Dýriya beshpent bel salyp

Búl dýniyeni keng salyp,

Altyndy qamshy qolgha alyp,

Abjylanday tolghanyp,

Búralyp ketip barady,

Jyn soqqanday tenselip,

Osy eken, dep Qyz Jibek,

Jetip keldi qasyna,

Bazarbaydyng Tólegen.

Artynan keldi Qarshygha:

"Jibek emes" degen son,

Onan da ótip jónegen.

Tau basynda qaraghay,

Tólegenning minezi

Bolyp ketti baladay.

Osynday bolyp әr jerden

On bir qyz ótti sәuletpen

Bәri de qaldy jaramay.

Jyrda qyzdardyng kelbeti óte sheber surettelgen, olardy kórgen Tólegen endi tezirek Jibekti kóruge yntyghady. Qarshy­ghadan ozyp, Jibekting kýimesine búryn je­tedi. Biraq Jibek onymen "sóilesuge namystanady". Tek Qarshyghanyng ýgitinen keyin ghana Jibek "be­­tin bir ashyp, jarq etip kórinip, amandas­ty da, qay­ta­dan betin jauyp, pәu­eskening qaqpaghyn týimelep, jatyp qal­dy", - deydi jy­r­shy. Jibek­ting gha­jayyp kórkin kórgen Tólegen: "Jiy­handa búl sipatty әiel kór­genim joq edi, endi múny alay­yn!" - dep sheshedi. Osy sәtten bastap Tó­legen endi belsendilik kórsetedi.

Búl jyrdyng kór­kemdigine til jetpeydi deuding esh artyqtyghy joq. Qyz Jibekting kórkine qaranyzshy.

Qyz Jibekting qúrmeti,

Jihannan asqan sәuleti,

Lәili-Mәjnýn bolmasa,

Ózgeden artyq kelbeti.

Ýsh qyzy bar qasynda-ay,

Ózi on tórt jasynda-ay,

Kebisining ókshesi

Búhardyng gauhar tasynda-ay,

Aq mandayy jaltyldap,

Tanaday kózi jarqyldap,

Altyn shashbau shashynda-ay.

Qyz Jibekting didary -

Qoghaly kólding kúraghy,

Kóz sipatyn qarasang -

Núr qyzynyng shyraghy,

Dýry gauhar syrghasyn,

Kótere almay túr qúlaghy,

Boy núsqasyn qarasan

Bekter mingen pyraghy.

Qyz Jibekting aqtyghy

Nauryzdyng aqsha qarynday,

Aq betining qyzyly

Aq tauyqtyng qanynday,

Eki betting ajary

Jazghy týsken saghymday,

Bilegining shyrayy

Aybaltanyng sabynday.

Tósinde bar qos anar

Nar buranyng sanynday,

Oymaq auyz, qúmar kóz

Izdegen erge tabyldy-ay.

Ótkirligin bayqasan

Ústalar soqqan ketpendey.

Núr túqymyn ekkendey,

Eki auyz sóz sóilesken

Múratyna jetkendey.

Tirisi týgil Jibektin

Óligine adam qayyrylyp

Betinen kelip ópkendey.

Qyz Jibekti Tólegen

Aqylmenen tanyp túr,

Kóz meyiri qanyp túr,

Beyishten janghan shamshyraq,

Kózi jaynap janyp túr,

Beli nәzik talyp túr.

Tartqan symnan jinishke

Ýzilip ketpey neghyp túr?

Osynday jauhar jyr jarata alatyn júrtynnan qalay ghana ainalmassyn, aghayyn!

Jalpy, Tólegen ghashyqtyq epostyng dәstýrine sәikes, ózine tiyisti synaqtardyng bәrinen sýrinbey ótedi: qalaghan jary ýshin ol óz elin, ata-anasyn tastap, jalghyz ózi qauipti sapargha shyghady; mahabbatqa adaldyq tanytyp, jaryq dýniyemen qoshtasady. Múnday jaghday romandyq epos keyipkerining bәrining basynan ótedi, Tólegen de osyny bastan keshiredi.

Tumysynan erekshe jaralghan Tólegenning minezi Jibekke degen ghashyqtyq sezimi payda bolghannan keyin búrynghydan góri júmsaryp, onyng bolmysyn bayyta, núrlandyra týsedi. Ol óte sezimtal, nәzik jandy bolyp kórinedi. Búl qasiyeti, әsirese, Tólegenning Sansyz­baymen qoshtasqan sәtinde jәne әuelep jýrgen alty qazgha qarata zaryn aitqan kezde barynsha keng ashylady. Ásirese, songhy monologta Tólegenning ishki sezimi óte lirikalyq, tebirenisti ruhta ashylady.

Jibek te - óz tenin izdegen aru. Onyng armany - ózin qúlay sýigen, mahabbatqa adal adamgha qosylu. Jibekting iydealy - bay da, batyr da emes. Oghan keregi - ózining jýregin jalyndata alatyn, ózi siyaqty jany taza, aqyldy әri kórikti jigit. Yaghni, Jibekting ózi qalay sýise, jigit te ony solay sýyi kerek. Mine, Tólegen osynday adam. Ony Jibek al­ghashqy kezdesude-aq sy­nap, bayqaghan. "Jal­­ghyz atty" adam­syng dey otyryp, Tólegenning sózinen, ózin qalay ústaytyn minezinen onyng bekzat jan ekenin angharghan.

Jalpy, Jibekting obrazy eposta iydealdy bolyp suretteledi, onyng boyynda qazaq әielining eng asyl qasiyetteri jinaqtalghan. Jyrda ol eki beynede kórinedi: súlu qyz jәne adal әiel. Jyrdyng alghashqy bólimining biraz jeri - sol súlu qyzgha arnalghan. Onyng súlulyghy alys jerlerge jetedi, Tólegen de, qalmaq hany Qoren de aru qyzdyng danqyn estip keledi. Jibekting óz elinde de talay jigit oghan ghashyq, biraq Jibekke jolay almaydy, óitkeni, Jibek tiri jandy mensinbeydi, búla bop ósken erke әri ór minezdi.

Jibekting súlulyghyna aqyly men aqyndyghy da say. Alghash kezdesken sәttegi Tólegenning sózine bergen jauaby óte útymdy әri әserli. Ol ózin ýlken sheberlikpen tanystyrady jigitke, ózining kim ekenin kәnigi aqyndarsha bayandaydy. Ózin halyq qúrmetteytinin, joghary baghalap, syilaytynyn aita kelip, Jibek Tólegendi әdeyi kemsite sóileydi, sóitip, onyng jigittik namysyn synaydy. Jigitting aitqan jauabyna, kórki men ústamdyghyna riza bolghan Jibek endi ózi izdegen adam - osy Tólegen ekenine kózi jetedi de, soghan túrmysqa shyghugha bel baylaydy. Biraq ol jigitting ózine únaghanyn sezdirmeydi, oiyn ashyq aitpaydy. Ishtey jaqsy kórip qalsa da, әlipting ayaghyn baghady, sebebi әkesi qalay qaraydy búl jigitke, әli belgisiz edi. Ákesining batasyn alghan song ghana Jibek ózining sezimine erik beredi, Tólegenning shaqyruyn jyly qarsy alyp, onyng otauyna ózi barady.

Osy tústa jyrdyng kórkemdigi de bó­lek­she ghajap. Alghashqy neke týnining mún­daylyq súlu, syrly, tәtti suretin әlem әdebiyetining jahangha mәlim jauharlarynan da tabu qiyn.

Eki ghashyq qosylyp

Ángime dýken qúrady,

Ekeuining sureti

Lәili-Mәjnýndey bolady.

Eki bekzat qosylyp

Kýndey balqyp tolady,

Ekeuining núryna

Kórgen jannyng bәri de

Tamasha qayran qalady.

Oyyn-kýlki sәuletpen,

Jezdenizding qasynda,

Kesh batqansha otyrdy,

Kesh batkan song apanyz

Kýieuge tósek salady,

Tósekti jaylap salghan son,

Jatar mezgil bolghan son,

Jezdenizding moynyna

Asyla baryp qúlady...

Endigi sózding qysqasy,

Aytushy erding ústasy,

Biz de sony aitamyz

Búrynghylardyng núsqasy.

Syghalap jatqan aq beren

Qalaghan jerden úrady,

Qarshygha ilgen ýirektey

Júmarlap moynyn búrady.

Tebeteyin syndyryp,

Kónilderi tynady...

Mine, osydan bastap Jibek - kýieuine óte adal әri qamqor әiel retinde kórinedi. Tólegenge degen tereng de móldir sezimin, sheksiz berilgendigin ol, әsirese, jaman týs kórgenin jengesine aityp, Tólegenning sapargha shyqpauyn ótinu arqyly bildiredi. Osy epizodta Jibek - sýiikti jar ghana emes, aldaghyny boljay alatyn kóregen әiel bolyp beynelenedi. Kórgen týsin ózi joryp, Jibek jengesin Tólegenge júmsaydy, Tólegen jolgha shyqpasyn degen tilek bildiredi. Ekinshi sózben aitqanda, Jibek Tólegenge tyiym salady. Búl - jyrda ekinshi tyiym: әkesi Tólegenge alystaghy Shekti eline, Jibekke barugha kelisimin de, batasyn da bermegen-di. Foliklordyng poetikasy boyynsha tyiymdy búzghan kisi bir qasiretke tap bolady. Al, qazaqtyng etikasy boyynsha әke batasyn almaghan balanyng joly bolmaydy. Endeshe, Tólegenning mert boluynyng týpki sebebi - osy eki tyiymdy búzghany deydi jyr.

Jibek Tólegenge ghana adal emes, onyng eline, ruyna adal. Sýigen jaryna ghana emes, onyng el-júrtyna degen mahabbatyn Jibek Tólegendi segiz jyl boyy kýtu men ol kelmegen song onyng elinen bireu keluin tosu arqyly da bildiredi. Kýieuining elin Jibek - ózining qorghany dep biledi. Qal­maq­tyng Qoren hany kýsh kórsetip, Ji­bekti zorlyqpen almaqshy bolghanda, ol Tó­le­genning ruyn esine alyp, Sansyz­baydyng neghyp kelmey jat­qanyna tang bolady. Za­rygha kýtken Sansyzbayy kelgende Jibek esh oi­lanbastan qaynysymen birge qashugha bel baylay­dy. Óitkeni, ol, birinshi­den, Tóle­gen­ning "ólip ketsem, artymda esh ja­man­gha qor qylmas San­syz­bay atty inim bar" degen ósiyetin oryndauy kerek. Ekinshiden, Jibek, óz zamanynyng salty boyynsha, ózin Jaghalbay­lynyng jesirimin dep esep­teydi de, әmengerining keluin kýtedi. Ýshinshiden, Sansyzbay Tólegennen aumaydy, sondyqtan Ji­bek ony "Tólegenning ózi" dep qabyldaydy. "San­syzbaydy kórgen son, Jibekting kónili toyady", - deydi jyrshy. Demek, Jibek endi ózi sýiip qalady Sansyz­bay­dy. Yaghni, Jibek marqúm bolghan jarynyng ósiyeti men ata saltyn oryndau ýshin ghana tiymeydi San­syz­baygha. Ol ózi ghashyq bolady, sóitip, onyng Tólegenge degen inkәrligi Sansyzbaygha auysady.

Sansyzbay bolsa ózin naghyz batyr, elining tayanyshy, Jibekti ózi siyaqty sýie bilgen er azamat retinde kórsetedi. Ol Tólegen sekildi emes. Erte jasynan erlikke dayarlanyp, aghasy dayyn­dap ketken toghyz qabat sauytty, dulyghany kiyi­nip, nayzasy men sadaghyn asynyp, túlpar atqa mi­nip, kәdimgi batyrlarsha jolgha shyghady. Onyng búl sapary, bir jaghynan, búrynghy batyrlardyng qalyndyq izdep, sapar sheguin eske týsirse, ekinshi jaghynan, batyrdyng jau qolyna týsken әielin (yaky qalyndyghyn) tútqynnan azat etu ýshin kýreske attanatynyn qaytalasa, ýshinshi jaghynan, bolashaq batyrdyng alghashqy erligin oigha oraltady. Al, múnyng bәri klassikalyq batyrlyq eposqa tәn. Demek, "Qyz Jibek" jyrynyng ekinshi bólimi - kóne zamannan kele jatqan "jigitting erlikpen ýilenui" turaly sujet bolyp tabylady. Búl sujet, әsirese, batyrlyq ertegi men kóne eposta jii kezdesedi. Osy ejelgi sujetti jyrshylar әdemi paydalanyp, jyrgha sheberlikpen engizgen, sóitip, eki sujetten túratyn óte kórkem ghashyqtyq jyr tudyrghan.

Eposta Sansyzbay eki sipatta kórinedi: aghasyn janynday jaqsy kóretin bauyry jәne onyng isin jalghastyrushy inisi. Birinshi sipattaghy Sansyzbay - әli jasóspirim, sondyqtan ony beyneleude jyr lirikalyq psihologizmge oryn bergen. Qayyn júrtyna ketip bara jatqan aghasymen qoshtasqan sәttegi Sansyz­baydyng minezi, aghasyna aitqan sózi - onyng tereng oily, ata-anasy turaly qam jeytin, keleshegin oilaytyn bala jigit ekenin dәleldeydi. Múnly bolghan Sansyzbaydyng qayghyra­tyny: aghasy әkesinen bata ala almay jәne jalghyz attanyp bara jatqany, ol ketken song ata-anasynyn, el-júrttyng hali ne bolatyny, ózining tym jas ekendigi, sol sebepti әke-sheshesin baghyp-qaghugha әli jaramaytyny... Osynyng ózi-aq Sansyzbay­dyng erekshe jan ekenin kórsetip, onyng ke­leshekte naghyz azamat bolatynyn anghartady. Aghayyndy ekeuining qoshtasu sózderinen Sansyz­baydy alda ýlken de qaterli synaq kýtip túrghany seziledi. Ony Tólegen de boljap, inisine qajetti batyrdyng sauyt-saymanyn dayyndap qoyghanyn aitady jәne ózi mert bolsa, Jibekti izdep tabudy, eshkimge qor qylmay, jar etip aludy tapsyrady. Mine, osylay jyrdyng epilogi ispetti kórinetin Sansyzbay men Jibek jayyndaghy qosym­shanyng payda boluy aqtalady da, býkil jyr birtútas kórkem dýniyege ainalghan.

Jyrdaghy osy ekinshi sujet eposqa meylinshe qaz­a­qy sipat darytqan. Halqy­myz­dyng ghasyrlar boyy qa­lyp­tasqan salt-dәstýri, әdet-ghúrpy ekinshi bólikte kóbirek әri jarqyn kórinedi.

Eger birinshi bólimde Tólegen Qyz Jibekti alu ýshin eki jýz elu jylqy satyp alyp, qalynmal bergen dәstýr kórinse, ekinshi bólimde qanday da bir isti bastar aldynda ýlkenderding batasyn alu ghúrpyna ýlken mәn beriledi. "Ata qarghysy - oq" dep týsingen halyq Tólegenning mert bolghanyna ayanyshpen qarasa da tandanbaghan, qayta ony zandylyq dep qabyldaghan. Al, "bataly úl arymas" degen úghymdy ústanghan jyrshy da, tyndarman da Sansyzbaydyng aqjoltay bolghany - әkesining ong batasyn alghandyqtan degen oy úsynady. Sonday-aq Jibekting әmengerlik saltymen Sansyzbaygha qosyluy da - el ýshin esh oghash emes, keri­sin­she, ony oryndy dep bilgen.

Sonymen Sansyzbay Ji­bekti alady, biraq ol tek әmengerlik jolymen ghana almaydy. Sansyzbay, kәdimgi qaharmandyq epostaghy batyr­larsha, erlik jasap alady. Ol búl jerde - Jibekti qútqaru­shy, týptep kelgende, әdilet­tilik ornatushy, sondyqtan da onyng is-әreketi tolyghymen qúptalady. Onyng obrazy birjaqty emes. Sansyzbay - eng әueli batyr.

Bizge jetken "Qyz Jibek" jyry - taza sóz ónerining dýniyesi, sondyqtan ol kórkem shygharma dep týsiniledi. Olay bolsa, múnda jýieli kompozisiya, qyzghylyqty sujet, bitispeytin tartys, kesteli til, yaghny kórkem shygharmagha ne kerek, sonyng bәri bolugha tiyis jәne olar jyrda aitarlyqtay kórinis tapqan. Áriyne, búl әli jazba әdebiyetting ýlgisi emes, múnda kópqatparly is-әreket joq, shytyrman oqigha bayandalmaydy, keyipkerlerding minez-qúlqy, psihologiyasy, harakteri dinamikalyq týrde damymaydy. Dey túrghanmen, "Qyz Jibek" jyrynda basty qaharmandarmen qatar basqa da key­ipkerler oqighalargha aralasyp, shygharmany mazmún jaghynan bayyta týsken. Olar eki topqa bólinedi. Biri - basty qaharman­dardyng janashyr dostary bolsa, ekinshisi - olardyng qarsylastary. Dostary Jibek pen Tólegennin, sodan song Jibek pen Sansyz­baydyng mahabbatyn qoshtap, olargha әr­dayym jәrdem etip jýredi. Búlardyng arasynan Qarshygha men Shegeni erekshe bólip alugha bolady.

Jalpy, Qarshygha men Shegening obraz­dary kóne epostaghy ejelgi kómekshilerding ghashyqtyq jyrda ózgergenin kórsetedi. Múnyng basty sebebi - "Qyz Jibek" tútas eposqa, yaghny kórkem jyrgha ainalghan zamanda (HV-HVI gh.gh.) jәne odan keyingi dәuirlerde de (HVIII-HIH gh.gh.) er adam turaly qoghamdyq iydealdyng auysqany. Ol - tek qana qara kýshting iyesi emes, ony-múnydan habary bar, shejireshi, aqyldy әri sózge ústa adam. Bas qaharmannyng ózi segiz qyrly, bir syrly bolghandyqtan, onyng kómekshi dostary da sonday bolugha tiyis.

Jyrgha ýlken serpin berip, oghan kórkem shygharmagha qajetti qasiyetterdi darytyp túrghan nәrse - keyipkerlerding bitispes tartysy. Ony kýsheytip, shiryqtyruda bas qaharmandargha qarsy qimyl jasap jýrgen Bekejan men onyng joldastary jәne qalmaqtardyng hany - Qoren. Alayda, Bekejan men Qoren bir-birine úqsamaytyn dúshpandar. Bekejan - romandyq epostaghy dәstýrli keyipker, yaghny eki ghashyqtyng ortasynda jýrgen qastanger (jigit - qyz - qastanshy).

Al, Qoren han bolsa, ol Beke­jannan ózgeshe dúshpan. Qoren - elding ishindegi qaskýnem emes, syrttan kelgen jau. Jau bolsa da, ol - naghyz batyr. Óz oiyn ashyq aitady, kýshine senedi. Jibekti kýshpen alatynyn da jasyrmaydy, Syrlybaygha qyzyndy bermesen, elindi shabam dep, býkil auyldy qamap, tútqynda ústaydy. (Álbette, adamgershilik túrghysynan kelgende, búl da - zorlyq). Sansyz­baymen jekpe-jekte ózin naghyz ba­tyrsha kórsetken Qoren jay kýnde maq­tanshaq әri óz aitqanynan qayt­paytyn, eshnәrsening bayybyna barmaytyn, tek ózining qara kýshine senetin dýley beynesinde kórinedi. Epos ony, bir jaghynan, asqan erjýrek batyr etip beynelese, ekinshi jaghynan, anayy aqymaq etip suretteydi.

Eger Qoren men Bekejandy sa­lystyra qarasaq, ekeui de - jaghymsyz keyipker, biraq olar bir-birine úqsamaydy. Epos olardy biri-birine qarsy qoyatyn sekildi. Qoren - ashyq jau, ol - qazaq elining ata jauynyng ókili. Onyng býkil oiy men is-әreketi - kýlli el jauynyng әdetki isi. Yaghni, onyng maqsaty - shapqynshylyq jasap, Shekti ruyn jaulap alu, kýsh kórsetip, mal-mýlkin talau, er­kek­terdi qyryp, әielderdi - kýng etu. Qoren Ji­bekti sýigendikten alayyn demeydi, ony salyq dep qaraydy. Ómirde de, foliklorda da syrt­qy jau qashanda jengen elinen alym-salyq talap etedi, mine, Qoren de osylay isteydi.

Bekejan bolsa - syrttan kelgen jau emes, ishten shalghan qaskýnem. Bylay qa­raghanda, Bekejannyng Jibekke ghashyq boluynda esh sókettik joq. Ol da jigit, ol da súlu qyzdy alugha qúqyly. Biraq epos pen jyrshy ony qyzdy únatqany ýshin jek kórmeydi, kerisinshe, ony óz sezimin qyzgha jetkize almaghany ýshin, qyzdyng jýregine jol taba almay, zúlymdyqqa barghany ýshin jeksúryn etip kórsetedi. Bekejan óz mahabbaty ýshin adal kýrespey, jauyzdyq jolyn tandaydy, al búl jolda ol ózin aram pighyldy adam retinde tanytady. Sol sebepti ol ózining jymysqy tirligin jasyryn isteydi, oiyn qúpiya ústaydy. Jyrda Bekejannyng qalay ómir sýrip jýrgeni, búryn kim bolghany aitylmaydy. Epos ony tek "qaraqshy" dep ataydy. Al, qaraqshynyng bolmys-bitimi belgili. Qorenge qaraghanda, Bekejan - ailaker, qu, bәrin aldyn-ala oilastyryp qoyady, әrbir aram isin zalymdyqpen jýzege asyrady. Sondyqtan ol Qorennen de qauipti. Sol sebepti jyr da, jyrshy da, tyndaushy da Qorendi emes, Bekejandy qarghaydy, ony it ólimge qiyady. Bekejan - adam tabighatyndaghy eng jaghymsyz qasiyetterdin, zúlymdyqtyn, jauyzdyqtyng belgilerin boyyna jinaqtaghan, solardyng simvolyna ainalghan obraz. Mine, bizge jetken "Qyz Jibek" jyry - taza kórkem foliklordyng aishyqty ýlgisi ekeni osydan da bayqalady.

Qoryta aitqanda, qazaqtyng klas­sikalyq týrdegi "Qyz Jibek" jyry - ejelgi rulyq zamanda payda bolghan "jigitting ýilenui" turaly týpki sujet­ting negizinde orta ghasyrlarda ýlken epos bolyp qalyptasqan týri. Búl sujet, әsirese, Qazaq handyghy túsynda kórkem foliklordyng tamasha ýlgisine ainalghan. Talantty aqyndar men jyrshylar "Qyz Jibek" jyryn tamasha romandyq epos etip jyrlaghan, sonyng arqasynda ol bizding zamanymyzgha jetip otyr. Jetip qana qoyghan joq, qazirgi mәdeniye­timizding ajyramas bóligine ainaldy. "Qyz Jibek" jyry professionaldy operagha, kórkem filimge negiz boldy. Ol býgingi tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng jana astanasynyng sahnasynda janasha qoyyldy. Mine, osylay ejelgi mәde­niyetimiz ýzilmey, jalghasyn tabuda, býgingi qoghamgha qyzmet etude, ol keyingi úrpaqqa da ruhany azyq bolary kýmәnsiz. Onyng aighaghy - Preziydent N.Nazarbaevtyng bastamasymen jýzege asyp jatqan "Mәdeny múra" baghdarlamasy.

Avtory: Seyit QASQABASOV, M.O.Áuezov atyndaghy Ádebiyet jәne óner institutynyng diyrektory, akademiyk.