Ile ónirining jer bederi Tәnir tauynyng Batystan Shyghysqa qaray kósilgen ýsh silemdi qalyptastyrghan. Olar Tәnir tauynyng ontýstik, soltýstik, orta bólegi delinedi. Osy ýsh silem Ilening Shyghys shekarasyna barghanda biri-birimen qosylady. Onyng ontýstik silemi Taklamakan shólinen keletin qorghaq ystyq aghysty tosyp túratyn shymyldyq ispetti. Hantәnir shyny, Temir shoqysy siyaqty on neshe shoqy bar. Múzart, Alaayghyr, Barsakelmes, Narat, Qonjan, Jeldikezeng asulary osy bólekke ornalasqan. Onyng múz shoqylary Tekes ózenine qúiylatyn ózenshelerding su qaynary sanalady. Soltýstik bólegi Jonghar oipatynan keletin qúrghaq, suyq aghysty bógep túrady.

Ondaghy Erenqabyrgha, Bóleknúr, Kógershin, Saghanúsyn, Bejin taularynan Qas, Kýnes ózenderi bastau alady. Taldyasha, Mónkiti, Satyly, Túrasu, Dynnúr, talqy siyaqty tariyhqa belgili asu-kezender bar. Orta óniri Eshkilik, Ýisin taularyn qamtidy. Abyraly tauy bólip túrghan Qas, Kýnes ózenderi Erenqabyrghamen qosylsa, Ile ózeni anghary men Tekes ózeni anghary Eshkilik, Baqalyq, Ýisin, Temirlik taulary bólip túrady. Búl tau silemi shyghysta Narat tauymen tútasyp, batysy Qazaqstan jerindegi Ketpen jotasymen jalghasady.

Áygili Áulie shoqy osy tau sileminde jatyr. Sonday-aq, osy tústa Tekes audanynyng Qúby qystaghynan batysqa qaray sozylyp, Múngholkýre audanynyng Balyqsuynda ayaqtaytyn Attyng tauy dep atalatyn tau bar. Osy tau silemderinde Hantәniri shyny, Qabanbaydyng shoqysy, Áulie shoqy, Aqózen múz shoqysy degen әigili shoqylar, Múzart asuy, Talqy kezeni, Jeldi kezen, Qonjan asuy, Taldy asha, Túrasu», «Suasu, Mónkiti asuy, Qonaqay asuy, Alayghyr asuy siyaqty asu-kezender. Tór jaylau,  Eren qabyrgha jәne kógershin jaylauy, Tanbaly jaylau, Shaqpy jaylauy, Kóldeneng jaylauy, Shashy jaylauy, Tәlimjyrghalang jaylauy, Ýlken Qarajon jaylau» siyaqty shóbi shýigin, suy túnyq, auasy jangha jayly, kórgen jangha kórkemdik baghyshtaytyn jaylaular bar.

Tekes ózeni, Qas ózeni, Kýnes ózeni, Ile ózeni siyaqty 126-dan astam ózen, ózenshe, búlaq sulary bar. Sayram kóli, Aqkól, Sarqamysty kóli, Jasyl kól, Shaghyr kól, Kóbetay kóli, Tyrna kól, Qamysty kól, Qodabay kóli, Múz kól, Qyzyl kól, Kólsay qatarly ataqty kólder,«Kýrkildeuik sarqyramasy, Kóksu sarqyramasy, Jyrghalang sarqyramasy, Ýlkenbúra sarqyramasy, Kóksala sarqyramasy, Narat qos sarqyramasy siyaqty sarqyramalar, Bәrgeyti arasany, Kýnes basy arasany, Kóksu arasany, Shaty arasynay, Búryl arasany, Mónkiti arasany, Tentek arasany, Aqózen arsany, Borqora arasany, Mazar arasany, Ángirti arasany, Jylysu arasany, Arpasaly arasany, Suyq arasan, Ángirhan suyq arasany, Sarbuyrshyn arasany, Ot arasany siyaqty shipaly arasandar osy ólkening qútyn qashyrmay, qúrmetin asyryp túrghan qasiyetti mekender sanatynda.

Ile óniri Ile Alatauy men Jetisu Alatauynyng týiisken túsyndaghy, Ile ózenining eki qaptalyn bauyryna basyp jatqan qútty qonys. Ol tabighi, tamasha tabighatymen qosa, tarihi, mәdeni, ruhany qúndylyghy bay qasiyetti nysandarymen de әigili.  Ile óniri tarihy sonau aryda jatqan qasiyetti meken. Onyng qay túsyna barsanyzda kózding jauyn alyp, kónilindegi sonau yqylym zamangha qaray jeteleytin talay tarlan tarihtyng kuәsine dóp kelesin. Onyng әr túsynan tabylghan tas qúraldary dәuirining qaldyqtary, qoladan, mystan, temirden jasalghan búiymdardyng qaldyghy, altynmen aptalyp, kýmispen kýptelgen әshekey búiymdary, balshyqtan kýidirilgen ydys-ayaqtar, batyrlar joryqqa kiygen shashaqty dulygha, aqberen sauyt, berik qalghan, bәri–bәri de ótken batyr balalar dәuirinen eles beredi. Tóbe-tóbe bolyp ýiilip jatqan eski qala, qorghan súlbalary, obalar men qorymdar, molalar men zirattar, jartas suretteri men balbal tastar, syntastar, belgisiz tanbalar, osynau dalany mekendegen halyqtyng úshqyr aqyl-oyy men parasatynyng jemisin bizge shúqyp kórsetip túrghanday. Búl dalada ejelgi saqtardyn, ghúndardyn, ýisinderdin, týrkilerdin, týrkeshterdin, qarlyqtardyn, yaghmalardyn, shyghyldardyng izi sayrap jatyr. Jýk tiyegen ejelgi saudagerlerining «Jibek jolyn» boylap, jaymen keruen tartqan sәn-saltanaty da kóz aldynnan búldyrap ótedi.

Keyingi kezde Ile ónirine jýrgizilgen arheologiyalyq zertteulerding eng bir jetistigi ­ búl ólkende tas dәuirining kóptegen jurnaghy saqtalghanyn anyqtap otyr. Ásirese, Qúlja qalasynyng soltýstigindegi Bilikshi ózenining boyyndaghy Aqtóbe tas qúral mәdeniyeti eng ertedegi adamzat tirshiligining belgisi sanalady. Bilikshi ózeni men Jyrghalang ózeni arasyndaghy úlan-ghayyr alqap ejelgi mәdeniyetting kózi sanalsa, Tekes audanynyng Shiylózek auylyna qarasty Aqtas ýngiri men ondaghy jartas suretteri analyq qauymdyq qoghamnyng sipatyn úghyndyratyny anyq. Ile ózenining jogharghy anghary sanalatyn Qas, Kýnes, Tekes, Mongholkýre, Nylqy, Toghyztarau audandaryndaghy ertedegi molalardan eginshilikke paydalanghan búiymdardyng tabylghany búl manda ertede otyryqty halyqtyng ómir sýrgenin aiqyndap beredi. Osy ónirlerden tabylghan kýrek, qonyrau, shyny, oraq, kernay, ýzengi, tayqazan, kýbi, ýsh siraqty qazan, ýlken sharshy tabaq, keli-kelsap, taghy basqa búiymdar ejelgi adamdardyng eginshilikpen de ainalysqanyna derek beredi. Nylqy qalashyghynyng ontýstigindegi Núrasay dep atalatyn tau qoynauynda ejelgi mys kenining orny bar. Tipti, mystan qúiylghan saq sarbazynyng mýsinining tabylghany, ghalymdardy tan-tamasha etkeni kýni keshe ghana. Búnday dýniyeler Toghyztarau audanynyng Agharsyn auylynan, Tekesting Sholaqterek auylynan, Tekes audanynyng Orta mys fermasynan, Kýnes audanyndaghy Jyghylghan tas degen jerindegi moladan da tabyldy. 1983  jyly Kýnes ózenining ontýstik jaghalauyndaghy Bestóbe auylynyng soltýstiginen 20 shaqyrym jerden qola dәuirinde jasalghan sarbazdyng mýsini men kóptegen mәdeny múralar tabyldy. Búlardyng ishinde adamdy ózine erekshe tandandyrghany qoladan qúiylghan sarbaz mýsini.

Ile ónirining jer-jerinen tabylghan jartas suretteri men jazulardyng da ótken tarihty sóilep berer qúndylyghy kóp. Biraq tili joq sóiley almaydy, qimyly joq, úghyndyra almaydy. Tek ýnsiz, tilsiz eldi-mekennen alysta melshiyip túr. Jartas suretteri Mongholkýre, Tekes, Kýnes, Qorghas audandarynda kóptep kezdesedi. Sonyng ishindegi Mongholkýre audanyndaghy Tanbalytas jartas sureti men Tekes audanyndaghy Tanbalytas jartas suretining qúndylyghy tym joghary. Sonymen qatar, Kýnes Abyraly jartas suretteri men Tekes Kóksu ózeni angharyndaghy jartas suretterining de eski tarihty erinbey aitar tústary bar. Tekes audanynyng Kóksu angharyndaghy jartas suretteri joghary jәne tómengi anghar bolyp, ekige bólinedi. Ol Tekes qalashyghynan 37 shaqyrym qashyqtyqtaghy Kóksu ózeni jaghasyndaghy Metigir tauynyng etegindegi bes ýlken tasqa qashalghan. Al Kóksu ózenining tómengi angharyndaghy jartas sureti Qaratúmsyq dep atalatyn eldimekenning manynda. Sonday-aq, Tekes audanynyng Shilyózek auylyna qarasty Aqtas degen jerdegi jartas suretteri men Nylqy audanynyng Jyryntay mal fermasynyng joghary jaghyndaghy Qas ózenining jaghasyndaghy dәu qara tasqa syzylghan suretterding de aitar әngimesi, sherter syry jetip artylady. Jartas suretteri Qorghas, Kýnes, Tekes audandarynan tabylyp otyr.

Endeshe, solardyng birnesheuine toqtalyp ótelik, Zekti qyzyl qorym jartas suretteri ­ Kýnes audanynyng Zekti qalashyghynyng soltýstigindegi Qyzylqorymnyng (jer aty) Batys jaghyndaghy Joldysaydyng qasyndaghy biyik jartasqa syzylghan.

Suret syzylghan tastyng beti tegis, mayda, Ontýstikke qaraghan. Batys jaq biyiktigi 11 m, Shghys jaq biyiktigi 7 mm, astynghy eni 7,5m, Ontýstik eni 7 m. Jartas betinde kóptegen annyng sureti men ang aulap jýrgen anshylardyng jolbarys siyaqty jartqysh andarmen at ýstinde jalghyz sayysqan batyrlardyn, taghy da basqa suretter mәn-maghynasy boyynsha on neshe topqa bólinip syzylghan. Ártýrli hayanattyn, anshylardyng jeke suretteri 70-ten asady. Jartas betine syzylghan hanganattardyng keybireui qazir Jersharynda bar. Al keybireui bar bolsa da túqymy óte siyrek kezdesedi. Keybireu basqa jaqqa auyp ketken be, túqymy búl ónirde joq. Syzylghan suretter týri jaghynan: adam, jylqy, siyr, tәuteke, elik, búghy, bóken, qaraqúiryq, zarafa, maymyl, jolbarys, kengru, qasqyr, týlki, qoyan, iyt, eshki qatarly 17 ang men hanganattyng sureti. Sol suretterding astynghy jaghyna jogharydan tómenge qaray tik jyzylghan 12 әripti runalyq jazu bar. Búl jazudy suretti syzghan adamynyng qoljazbasy dep qorytyndy jasaugha bolady. Búl suretterding eng alghashqy kóshirmesi 1986 jyly kóshirilgen. Osy kóshirmeler «Kýnes sayahat jarnamasyna da» qoldynylghan.

Zekti qyzyl qorym jastar suretterining ghylymy mәnin tómendegidey jinaqtaugha bolady.

1) Jartas suretetri belgili ghylymilyq pen әsemdik sheberlikti tereng úshtastyra bilgen. Mysaly, Andardyng suretin qyzyl kýren, sary qonyr týstermen beynelegen. Sonday-aq, andardyng tútas túlghasynyng erekshe belgilerin negizgi túlghalyq orynda beyneleuge mәn bergen. Aytalyq, laghyn ertken bókenning siraqtary jinishke әri nәzik, oinaqtaghan elikting laghy, aghash bútaghyna asylyp túrghan maymyl, anshylardyng qorshauynda qalghan siyr men tauteke, búghylardyng qorqynyshty psihikalyq beynelerinde beyneleuge barynsha kýsh salghan. Ang aulau barysyn beyneleytin bir surette bir ýiir búghyny bir top adam qorshap alghan. Búghy asa ýlken әri aibarly, mýiizining ashalary da kóp. Bir top adam oghan qaratyp sadaq tartyp túr. Al osy suretke janastyryp, bir top adamnyng by biylep jýrgen sureti týsirilgen. Beyne ang aulap bolghan song oljany quanysh etip jatqan sekildi. Suret tútas bir oqigha jelisine qúrylghan.

2) Surettegi anshylardyng barlyghy tegis jalanash. Er adamdardyng shashtary úzyn, qoldaryndaghy negizgi qaruy sadaq, qanjar qatarly zattar. Ang aulau әdisi negizinen toptasa qorshap, sadaqpen atqylap, topqa atpen quyp kelip túrghan kórinister. Tau tekelerdi it qosyp qualaghan kórinister, attan týse qalyp, bir qolymen attyng shylbyryn ústap, bir qolymen qanjarmen jasqap, qashyp kele jatqan búghynyng aldyn tosyp túrghan kórinister. Ári at ýstinde týregelip túryp ang kózdegen kórinister. Jolbaryspen at ýstinde jalghyz sayysqan kórinister, at ýstinde shauyp kele jatyp, qashqan andy sadaqpen syghalamay atyp qalatyn qol mergendik suretteri kórkem syzylghan.

Osy suretting astyna tik jazylghan 12 tanba bolyp, onyng altauy qazaq ru-taypalarynyng tanbasymen sәikes keledi. Salystyryp kórgenimizde, tórteui Úly jýz ýisin taypasynyn, ekeui Orta jýz nayman taypasynyng tanbasymen sәikes keldi.

Tekes syntasy men tanbaly tas

Tekes Kóksu jartasy suretteri de talay qúpiyasyn bauyryna býgip jatqan tútas bir keshen.  Búl jartas sureti ózenning jaghyry jәne tómengi anghary dep ekige bólinedi. Joghary anghardaghy suretter Metiger jartas sureti dep te atalady. Ol Tekes qalashyghynan 37 shaqyrym jerdegi Meteger tauynyng etegindegi bes ýlken tasqa qashalghan. Kóksu arasanyna barar joldyng Shyghysyndaghy tastyng biyiktigi 2m, eni 3m. Jartastaghy suretter әrtýrli januardyng qaz-qatar sap týzep tizilgen aluan formadaghy túlpardyn, jylqy tabyndarynyng sureti asa tartymdy. Qalghan 4 tasqa irili-úsaqty etip, arqar siyaqty januarlardyng sureti týsirilgen. Ózenning tómengi angharyndaghy dәu qaratasqa syzylghan suret Qaratúmsyq manayynda. Tasta januarlardyng suretinen tys, adamnyng da beynesi bar. Tekes audanynyng Shilyózek auylyna qarasty Aqtas degen jerdegi jartasqa oiylghan arqar, qúlja, búghy-maral, jylqy, kýn men ai, әiel zatynyng jynys mýshesi, belgisiz tanbanyng sureti de adamdy qyzyqtyrmay qoymaydy.

Mongholkýre audanynyng Aghayaz jartas sureti Aghayaz ózenining Ontýstik jaghasynda, úzyndyghy 3,47m, eni 2,36 m keletin 80 m biyiktiktegi dәu tastyng betine oiylghan. Suretting beti tegis әri jyltyr. Surette sol qolyna domalaq, sopaqsha zat ústaghan, ong qolynda gýli bar budda mýriytining suretining janyna birqatar kóne monghol jazuymen tiybet jazuy jazylghan. Adam suretining ainalasynda arqar-qúlja, tau eshki, tasbaqa, gýl, shópterding sureti bar. Búl jazular men adam sureti monghol dәuirine tәueldi bolsa kerek. Al januarlar men ósimdikter ejelgi kóshpendi halyqtyng eskertkishi.

Jyryntay jartas sureti

Nylqy audanynng jyryntay mal fermasynyng joghary jaghyndaghy Qas ózenining jaghasyndaghy tasqa tau eshki, búghy, maral, qasqyrdyng sureti týsirilgen. Tekes qalashyghynyng Shghysyndaghy 16 shaqyrym qashyqtyqtaghy Qara ýngir tauynyng teristik betkeyindegi tasqa búghy, arqar-qúlja, bóri, taghy da basqa djanuarlardyng beynesi salynghan. Janynda monghol jazuy bar. Zertteushiler, jazu keyin jazalghan deytin qortyndyda.

«Biz de sizdey bolghanbyz, Siz de bizdey bolarsyz» dep jazylghan eken qazaq dalasyndaghy bir tas symbatqa eski týrki jazuymen. Qadau-qadau syntastar qily-qily tarihty bastan keshirip, halqymyzdyng beynetin de, zeynetin de tel emip, tirshilik tynysyna kuә bolghanday.

Ile ónirindegi syntastar kóbinese eki týrli bolyp keledi. Onyng biri, mýsin tas (yaghny syntas), endi biri, balbaldar, yaghni, jenil qyrnalyp, kóbinese qyrnamay dóreki qalpynda túrghyza salghan baghana tastar. Búl syntastar bizding jyl sanauymyzdan búrynghy 6, 8 ghasyrlargha deyingi aralyqta Ile alqabyn mekendegen týrli taypadan qalghan múra. Týrik qaghanaty túsynda búnday tas eskertkish júrtqa, atap aitqanda, ólikti arulaghan jerge ornatatyn bolghan. Olar aldymen ólikti arulaghan jerge tórt búryshty tas qorshau jasap, ólgen adamnyng tiri kezinde mingen atyn, aiyl-túrmanyn, qúrbandyqqa soyghan maldyng sýiegin kómip, qorshaudyng shyghys irgesine betin, shyghysqa qaray mýsin tas, onyng aldyna shyghysqa qaray baghana tas ornatatyn bolghan. Búl ólgen adamgha qúrmet kórsetip, eskertkish ornatudyng bir týri. Baghana tastyng tizbegi neghúrlym kóp bolsa, ólgen adamynyng qauym ishindegi bedelining solghúrlym joghary bolghanyn menzeydi. Endi bir aitugha qaraghanda, syntastyng sany eskertkish otyrghyzugha qatysqan taypa, úlys, rudyng sanyn menzeydi. Sebebi, ol kezde qauym jorasy boyynsha, әrbir ru basy taypa kósemi birden balbaltas әkelip ornatatyn delinedi. Tanym boyynsha, búl dýniyede baghynghan taypalar o dýniyede de qyzmet etedi dep sengen.

Ilede ónirindegi syntastar negizinen Tekes, Mongholkýre, Kýnes, Qorghas, Toghyztarau audandarynda kóbirek kezdesedi.

Teks audanyndaghy syntastar Ýlken Qútay, Qaraghandy, Qapsalan, Kókterek. Sholaqterek, Shaghansay, Aqtasy, Qoby siyaqty shóbi shýigin, suy mol jaylaulargha oryn tepken.

Mongholkýre audanyndaghy syntastar Shaty, kishi Qonaqay, Kópirti, Aqsu, Aqayaz, Kóktaqyr qoynaularyna taralghan.

Kýnes audanynda Tanjaryq pen Áshimning eskertkishi ornatylghan baqshada eki syntas túr. Onyng biri erkek, endi biri әiel adamnyng mýsini.

Qorghas audanynyng Kishi Mazar, Terekti, Sarbúlaq ónirinde әiel beynsindegi syntastar saqtalghan.

Ile óniri saq qorghandary men ýisin qabirlerining de jii shoghyrlanghan mekeni sanalady. 1988 jylghy teskeru nәtiyjesine, Ile ónirinde ýlkendi-kishili 10 mynnan astam ýisin qabiri bar eken. Búlardyng kóp sandysy 3-5 tóbe bir jeli nemese 10-20 tóbe bir jeli bolyp shoghyrlanady. Ókinishke qaray, ile ónirindegi egin sharuashylyghyng órkendeui, tyng jerlerding kóptep ashyluyna oray, múnday tóbelerding kóbi tegistelip, býlinip, búzyldy. Ýisin tóbeleri negizinen Qas, Kýnes, Tekes ónirine shoghyrlanghan. Meyli qay jerdegi tóbeler bolsyn týstikten teristikke qaray bir syzyqtyng boyymen túzu ornalastyrylghan. Jergilikti halyq búl tóbelerding sanyna qaray jer attaryn da «Bestóbe», «Qostóbe», «Jalghyztóbe», «Ýshtóbe», «Bes dón» degen attarmen atap alghan. Osynday tóbelerding eng ýlkeni Kýnes audanyna ornalasqan. Jalpy san jaghynan keler bolsaq, Nylqy audanynda 1700, Toghyztarau audanynda 2000, Tekes angharynda 1500, Múngholkýre alqabynda 1500, Kýneste 2000-nan astam tóbe bar.

Búl tóbelerding bәrin ýisin ziraty deuden aulaqpyz. Óitkeni, әr ónirdegi tóbelerding ózindik daralyghy, parqy, úqsamastyghy bar. Aytalyq, Toghyztaraudaghy zirattardyng syrty úsaq malta tastarmen kómkerilse, Monghúlkýredegi tóbeler toghan siyaqty oiyqpen qorshalghan. Qúlja audanynyng Túrasu jaylauyndaghy Jalghyz qaraghay (Áset Naymanbaev jerlengen jer) degen jerdegi ýisin ziratynyng bitimi bólek. Tóbening tóniregi malta taspen qorshalyp, onyng syrty toghansha oiyqpen qorshalghan. Mongholkýre shaty ónirindegi zirattar tik ura formasynda qazylghan. Sýiek salynghan qaptama sandyqtyng syrtyna tas jәne aghash kómiri tizilgen. Taghy bir zirattan tabylghan ólik sandyghynyng tórt jaghyna kәdimgi syrmaq tigilgen.

Qala mәdeniyetining izi Ile ónirinde de sayrap jatyr. Aytalyq, Múngholkýre audanynyng Shaty qyrghyz avtonomiyaly auylyna qarasty Shaty ózeni angharynda ejelgi qala qorghanynyng jýlgesi jatyr. Qalanyng ózenge qaraghan Kýn shyghys jaghyna qorghan soghylyp, jiyegi taspen bekitilgen. Basqa tústarynda da soghylghan qorghannyng izi bilinip jatyr. Jalpy, aumaghy 10 gektargha tayau jerge soghylghan qalanyng eski júrtynan jergilikti túrghyndar týrli týsti boyaumen boyalyp, kýidirilgen kirpish synyqtaryn jii tauyp alady. Búl qala Ile óniri, tipti qazaq dalasyndaghy úzaq tariyhqa ie qala orny sanalady. Bir kezde zertteushiler búl qala orny Ýisin patshalyghynyng ortalyghy Shyghu qalasy boluy mýmkin degen boljamgha kelip, birneshe ret zerdelu jýrgizgen son, ol qala emestigin birden túraqtandyrdy. Degenmen de, qalanyng ornalasuyna qaraghanda ol ejelgi «Jibek jolynyn» boyyndaghy manyzdy sauda ortalyqtarynyng biri bolghanyn kórsetedi. Óitkeni, ol Tekes ózeni saghasyndaghy Múzart asuynyng jazyghyna ornalasqan. Batysy Ystyqkól, Shu ózeni angharymen, týstigi Múzarat asuymen, Soltýstik shyghysy Ile ózenining soltýstigindegi Qoylyq qala orynmen tútasady. Sonday-aq, Tekes ózenin jaghalap, Kýneske ótip, Narat asuy arqyly Túrpangha barugha bolady. Kezinde Kýshlik han Jetisuda Shynghyshan әskerinen jeniliske úshyraghannan keyin osy Shaty qalasy, odan Kýnes ózenin boylap, Narat asuy arqyly Túrpangha jetken delinetin derek te bar.

Shaty qalasynan shyghys teristikte, qazirgi Qúlja audanynyng Túrpanuzy auylynyng túsynda taghy bir qala orny bar. Jergilikti túrghyndar ony ejelgi Qoylyq qalasy dep ataydy. Búl qala atauy tarihy derekterde «Kýngys», «Kýngit», «Ayjaryq» qalalary dep te atalyp jýr. Qazaq dalasynda eki qoylyq qalasy bar. Biri osy, endi biri Qazaqstannyng Sarqan audanynyng jerinde ornalasqan Qoylyq qalasy. Alayda, búl Qoylyq qalasy kezinde Batys Týrik qaghanatynyng qosalqy ordasy bolghan qala. Búl qala ejelgi Qytay (Jongo) jazbalarynda jazylghan. Alayda, qazir onyng ornyn shóp basyp, tek qala qorghandarynyng jýlgesi ghana jatyr. Búl qala Shyghysta Jemsary, Batysta Soyap qalasyn jalghastyryp túrghan sauda ortalyghy boluymen de tarihy jazbalargha engen.

Orta ghasyrdan beri birneshe handyqtyng astanasy bolghan Almalylyq qalasynyng jurnaghy qazirgi Qorghas audanynyng shyghys soltýstiginde 15 shaqyrym jerde jatyr. Soltýstigi Kegen tauynyng ontýstik bókterine, Ontýstigi Kegen sayyna, Shghysy Túghlyq temir mazaryna, Batysy Qaraoygha deyin sozylady. Almalyq qalasy Jibek jolyn boylay keruen tartqan saudegerlerding zat almasatyn ýlken ortalyghy bolghany anyq. Qytay (Jongo) jәne shetel tarihy materialdarynda Almalyq qalasy kóp jazylghan. Búl qalagha arheologiyalyq qazba júmystaryn jýrgizgende kóptegen altyn aqsha,kýmis tenge, baqyr aqsha, tas oima, farfor ydystar, ydys-ayaqtar tabylghan. Búl aqshalardyng kóbi 1350 jyldary qúiylghan delinedi.

Shapshal audanynyng Qaynúq auyly dep atalatyn jerde ejelgi Qaynúq qalasynyng júrty bar. Qala qorghanynyng shyghysy, batysy jәne soltýstigi týgeldey ormanmen qorshalghan. Búl qala Almalylyq qalasymen bir uaqytta salynyp, bir uaqytta kýiregen. Keyin jongharlar Ile ónirin jaulap alghanda olardyng sayasi, әkimshilik ortalyqtarynyng biri bolghany belgili.

Qazaqtyng kórnekti jazushysy Iliyas Esenberlin «Altyn Orda» romanynda: «Jәnibek hannyng túsy – osy týrki tildes kóne júrttardyng Shyghys elderining mәdeniyetine, әsirese arab, farsy mәdeniyetine jaqynday týsken kezi edi. Keshegi kóshpeli elderding bekzadalary, túrghyn elding aqsýiekteri tәrizdi, kúr ghana hat tanyp koymady, aldynghy qatarly Shyghys elderi tudyrghan ghylymdarmen de shúghyldana bastady. Kóptegen meshit, medreseler túrghyzyldy. Búl medrese meshitterge, balalardy okytugha, kóshpendilerge músylman dinin keninen taratugha Deshti Qypshaqqa, Edil-Jayyq jaghasyna Mysyr, Sham, Jezira, Diyarbeker, Rum, Farsy, Baghdattardan qoja-moldalar men oqymystylar jinaldy. Deshti Qypshaq júrty da búl elderge ghylym-bilim alugha óz balalaryn jiberdi. Mine, osynday Edil-Jayyqtyng ózge júrtpen tek qana jauyngerligi ghana emes, mәdeniyeti de qatar týssin dep, aghartu, óner-bilimge elikteu sayasatyn keng jýrgizgeni ýshin Jәnibekti qypshaq, noghayly elderi әz Jәnibek, danyshpan Jәnibek dep atady», – dep jazady. Búl ýrdis Qazaq handyghynyng qúramdas bóligi bolghan Ile ónirinde de shuaghyn shashty. Nәtiyjesinde, kóptegen mazarlar men diny oryndar, taghy da basqa ghibadat mekemeleri oryn aldy.

Ile ónirindegi býginge deyin qalpyn búzbay jetken, eng alghashqy dep sanalatyn mazarlardyng biri Shapshal audany ónirindegi Qonaqay mazary. Qonaqay Shaghatay hannyng aqylshysy bolghan, Almalyq qalasynda tuyp, sonda ótken týrki ghúlamasy Maulena Jýsip Sakkahidyng mazary. Mazar Shapshal qalashyghynyng batysyndaghy Qytay (Jongo) – Qazaqstan shekarasyndaghy Qonaqay angharyna ornalasqandyqtan keyingiler Qonaqay mazary dep atap ketken. Mazardyng tóbesi shatyr formasynda, orta jazyq ýlgisinde salynghan. Alys-jaqynnan mazargha tauap etetinder kóp. Ýisin tauynyng orta bólegindegi, mazardyng týstik jaghyndaghy әulie shoqysy da osy ghúlamanyng atyna qoyylghan degen anyz bar. Mazardyng ayaq jaghynda «Shipa bastau» dep atalatyn miyneraldy búlaq kózinen aghyp shyghyp jatqan su әrtýrli nauqasqa em bolady.

Endi biri Ile ónirindegi erte zaman kýmbezderining ókildik sipat alatyn Túghlyq temir han mazary. Búl mazar Erenqabyrghanyng kýngey etegi Kegen sayynyng shyghys jiyeginde boy kótergen. Ol Ortalyq Aziya halyqtarynyng arhiytekturalyq ýlgisimen salynghan. Tóbesi kýmbezdelip jabylghan. Oghan eshqanday arqalyq nemese dingek istetilmegen. Ishindegi baspaldaq arqyly tóbesine shyghugha bolady. Saghananyng ishindegi tórt búryshta tórt zirat bar.

Túghylyq temir Shynghyshannyng tuajaty, Shaghataydyng әuleti. Moghúlstannyng alghashqy qúrushysy jәne islam dinin qabyldaghan túnghysh patsha. Ol Almalylyq qalasyn astana etip, alys-jaqyngha әmirin jýrgizdi. 1363 jyly Túghlyq temir ólgen song ózining aituy boyynsha Almalyq qalasynyng janynan, qazirgi Qorghas audany ortalyghynan 15 shaqyrym jerden onyng mazary salyndy.

Al Qúlja audany iyeligindegi Mazar auylyna salynghan, tarihy edәuir úzaq Súltan Uәiis han mazary da ótken tarihtyng qym-quyt tirshiliginen syr shertip túratyny anyq. Súltan Uәiis han Shynghyshannyng 10-shy úrpaghy. Shaghatay әuletinen, Moghúlstan handyghynyng 5 hany. Uәiis han 1418 jyly han taghyna otyrady. 1421 jyly Qyzyrqojanyng taghy bir balasy Shermúhamet oghlan Ámirtemirding nemeresi Úlyqbekting kómegimen han taghyn tartyp alady. Sol jyly Uәiis han men Shermúhamedting әskeri Taraz qalasynyng manyndaghy Qayyndy (Qayynlyq) degen jerde sheshushi shayqas salyp, aqyry Uәiis jenilip, Moghúlstannyng Ontýstik shyghysyna qashyp ketip, kóship-qonyp, kýsh jinaydy. 1422 jyly Túrpandy basyp alyp, keyin Ilege qayta kelip, Ilebalyqty Astana etedi. 1425 jyl Shermúhamet Úlyqbekting qolynan qaza tauyp, biylik qaytadan Uәiis hannyng qolyna ótedi. 1425-1428 jyldary oirat jongharlaryna qarsy soghys jýrgizedi. 1428 jyly Ystyqkól manyndaghy bir retki shayqasta jebe tiyip, qaytys bolady. Sýiegi Abyraly tauynyng ontýstik etegindegi Borbosyn angharynyng jaghasyndaghy Aqshy degen jerge  jerlenedi. Jalpy qauym onyng aruaghyna qúrmet etu maqsatyna jerlengen jerine mazar ornatyp, әspetteydi. Osydan keyingi talay egey túlghalardy osy mazargha jerleu dәstýrge ainaldy. 1950 jyldan keyin ghana búl dәstýrge tiyim salyndy.

Qúlja qalasynyng týstik qaqpasyndaghy Baytolla meshitining tarihy manyzdylyghy joghary. Ol osy ónirdegi músylman qauymynyng eng ýlken diny qimyl orny. Búl meshit Sin imperiyasynyng tikeley qarjy shygharyp, saldyrghan diny rәsim orny deuge bolady. Meshit 1773 jyly salynghan. Oghan patsha qazynasynan 10 myng sәri kýmis aqsha bosatylghan. Meshitting jalpy aumaghy 1800 sharshy metr, Orta jazyqtyng qúrylys ýlgisimen salynghan. Meshit qaqpasynyng astynghy taghany kirpishten qalanghan, onyng ýstinde 3 qabatty múnara ornyqqan. Syrtqy, ortanghy, ishki bolyp ýshqabatty namaz óteu sarayy bar. Baytolla meshiti Qúljadaghy túnghysh medreseli meshit boldy. Alghash ashylghan kezding ózinde medreseden 200-den asa tәlip bilim alghan. Olardyng oqu merzimi 5 jyl bolghan. Qazaqtar ony «Medrese» dep ataugha ýirenip qalghan. Toghjan meshitining de orny bólek. Toghjan Qyzay elining Qojanazar atasynan shyqqan ashyq oily kisi. Toghjan bala kezinen el kózine týsip, 32 jasynda Qojanazar elin biyleydi. Ol sol kezde Tekes qazaghynyng aqalaqshysy Moldajan zәngi, Núrpeyis aqalaqshymen birlesip, meshit salyp, medrese ashyp, qazaq aulynyng balalaryn tәrbiyeleydi. Jergilikti mansaptylardyng kómegimen 1916 jyly Tekesting Qaradala auylynan meshit saldyrady. Búl medresege 1917-1930 jyldar aralyghynda Mongholkýre, Tekes, Toghyztarau, Kýnes, Nylqy audandarynan balalar kelip oqyghan. Onda diny sabaqpen qatar, esep, ana tili, jaghrapiya siyaqty pәnny bilimder de berilgen.

Toghjannyng meshit salyp, medrese ashuy sol ónirdegi qazaq, qyrghyzdargha ýlgi boldy. Sonyng izinshe Toghyztaraudaghy Múqyry auylynan Dәrubay aqalaqshy medreseli meshiti, Agharsyn auylynan Sýgirbay medreseli meshiti, Jyrghalang auylynan Maralbek meshiti, Tekes audanyna Aqbostan meshiti, Oralbay meshiti, Qyrghyz meshiti, Múngholkýreden Syntas medresedi meshiti, Sarqoby meshiti qatarly diny ghibadat oryndary boy kóterdi.

Sol meshitterding biri de, biregeyi Lastay meshit-medresesi edi. Ony qorghastan shyqqan qazaq ziyalysy Ábdiqadyr myrza saldyrghan. Ábdiqadyr 1908-1915 jyldar aralyghynda Týrkiyanyng Stanbol qalasynda oqyghan. Oquyn bitirip elge oralghan song 1918 jyly auylynan meshit saldyryp, medrese ashqan. Lastay medresesi ashylghannan keyin oghan Ilening tús-túsynan kelgen balalar bilim alyp, ile ónirine bilimning sham shyraghyn jaqty. Osy iygilikti kórgen basqalarda Lastay medresesin ýlgi etip, Qorghastyng Sorbúlaghynan Sekitay medresesi, Baydayshang medresesi, Qaramolda medresesi, Kerimqúldan Toqabay medresesi, Toghyztaraudyng jyrghalanynan Jabyqbay medresesi ashylyp, ilening oqu-aghartu isine bastamashy boldy.

Sol qatarda 1918 jyly Kýnes audany, Almaly auylynyng Jinishke say degen jerinen Satybaldy medreseli meshiti salynady. Satybaldy Kýnes qazaghynyng súnghyla әri әdil elbasysy. 1937-1939 jyldary Kýnes qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeny aghartu úiymynyng bastyghy bolghan. 1916 jyl Satybaldy Núrbek úly Resey-Ile shekarasyn qayta anyqtap, bekitu, Resey jerinen qashyp ótken qazaqtardy anyqtap, otyraqtastyru atty komissiyanyng qúramynda jýrgende Qalimolla Bektorlin degen oqymysty jigitti kezdestirip, auylyna әkelip, medresege múghalim etip, bala oqyttyrady. Búl medresede әr jyly 100-ge deyin bala oqyp, synyp sany 5-ke deyin jetken. Satybaldy medresesinde din sabaghymen qosa, esep, til, tariyh, jaghrapiya sekildi pәnder oqytylghan. Osy medresening yqpalymen Kýneste Estemes medresesi, Qanabay medresesi siyaqty birsypyra medreseler salynyp, el kónilin serpiltken.

Materialdy avtordyng «Kúnes tarihy materialdary» atty kóptomdyqtaghy materialdary men qoljazbalary negizinde kirilshege týsirip, rettep úsynghan Qajet Andas.

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